Height-to-weight ratio in children and adolescents. Height and weight norms Height and weight ratio in 14

Tables of normal height and weight of children for boys and girls up to one year old by month, from one year to 10 years, from 11 to 17 years old by year. How many kilograms should a child weigh by age? Teenagers are the norm for height and weight.

The children's height and weight chart gives a rough estimate of your baby's physical development. It indicates low, average (normal), high and very high indicators of the child’s weight and height.

Very low and very high indicators indicate a deviation from the norm. Indicators in the range below and above average are considered standard.

Assessment of a child’s physical development

Child development is assessed according to four indicators:

• Height;
• Head circumference;
• Chest circumference.

In this article we will talk about the first two parameters, given in accordance with the norm adopted by WHO.

The World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a series of studies between 1997 and 2003 on the development of healthy children from 0 to 24 months, and in a cross-sectional study from 18 to 71 months. Research includes parameters of the child’s height and weight, their relationship and the monthly norm of physical development.

Indicators of physical development of girls and boys under one year of age

The height and weight of a child up to one year are the most important parameters for determining the normal development of the child. The nurse or doctor weighs the child monthly, measures his height, chest and head circumference, and records these figures in the medical record. What factors are taken into account?

• Maternal nutrition after conception.
• Gender of the child.
• Weight and height of the child at birth.
• Nutrition - height and weight directly depend on the daily intake of protein, carbohydrates, fats and calcium, vitamins and other microelements.
• Previous illnesses: acute respiratory viral infections, intestinal infections, severe dehydration, thinning of teeth and loss of appetite.
• Genetics - the presence of disorders, congenital pathologies, chromosomal diseases.
• Social conditions in which the child is raised. Problems in the family environment directly affect the growth and development of the child. They lead to a delay or even arrest of development, and the genetic material that was transferred from parents to child does not reach its full realization. Children who develop in an environment filled with love, joy, peace and trust develop more harmonious and healthy bodies;
• Sleep - a child grows most rapidly during sleep. Systemic lack of sleep actually affects the development of the baby.

If a child is born prematurely or underweight, the weight and height of such a baby will differ from those of children born from 38 to 42 weeks of pregnancy and normal weight.

Weight and height chart for girls under one year old

Weight and height table for a boy under one year old

Characteristics of the first year of life

• The average (normal) birth weight of a baby is between 3.2 kg and 3.7 kg.
• The baby may have a normal birth weight, but the baby may even lose some weight in the first week of life.
• The weight of newborns is added monthly at the following average rate: from 1 to 3 months - 750 g, from 4 to 6 - 700 g, from 7 to 9 - 550 g, from 10 to 12 - 350 g
• When bottle-fed, babies gain weight quickly.
• The height range of a child may vary depending on the weight, gender, and overall development of the baby.
• The growth of a newborn increases monthly according to the following average pattern: from 1 to 3 months - 3.5 cm, from 3 to 6 - 2.5 cm, from 6 to 9 - 1.5-2 cm, 9-12 - 1 cm per month .
• The most intensive growth is observed in the first months of life, then it slows down slightly, and at the end of the first year of life the child grows even more slowly.
• The normal weight of a child for one year ranges from 8.9 kg to 9.6 kg.
• The average height of a 1 year old child is from 74 to 76 cm.
• In the first year of life, a child can grow by 20-25 cm.

Infants under one year of age are especially sensitive to underweight. Slow weight gain may indicate anemia, malnutrition, rickets, immune deficiency, endocrine disorders, and central nervous system disorders. With a stable weight loss, a delay can begin not only in physical, but also in mental development. It is important to ensure that the breastfed baby has enough breast milk. You can also add formula during breastfeeding.

Height to weight ratio in children

As we have already indicated, height and weight, considered separately, are not informative enough to determine the normal development of a child. Pediatricians are interested in their ratio - the correspondence of a certain height to a certain weight. If they are within normal limits, it means that the child is developing harmoniously; deviations from the norm indicate disorders that may be pathological.

Body mass index for children Quetelet

This is the formula for calculating your height/weight ratio. It doesn't take age into account. This is just the weight in grams divided by the height in centimeters. The Belgian statistician and mathematician Adolphe Quetelet developed an index that indicates the harmonious development of newborns:

Birth weight: height at birth = 60 – 70
The number to the right of the equality shows the index. In the range from 60 to 70 it is harmonious and healthy, and anomalies are pathological.

Example : The baby was born with a weight of 3.350 kg and a height of 52 cm - this is normal. But with a height of 56 cm, its mass is too low.

3350 g: 52 cm = 64.4 - normal
3350 g: 56 cm = 59.8 - below normal, the child’s height is below normal
3350 g: 47 cm = 71.2 - above normal, child above normal

Using this formula, you can always calculate how your child is developing (within what limits). It works during the next months after birth, without taking into account age itself.

And for older children, a Quetelet index below 60 means underweight due to intrauterine malnutrition. For what reason - should be clarified.

The Quetelet index and calculation formula are valid only for children born during term birth . For premature infants, there are other indices and formulas.

Forecast indices

Other formulas allow you to predict the final growth of a child - they take into account the genetic basis:

Hawker's formula

Boy's height = (father's height + mother's height): 2 + 6.4 cm
Girl's height = (father's height + mother's height): 2 - 6.4 cm

Formula for Frame

Boy's height = (Father's height + Mother's height X 1.08): 2
Girl's height = (Father's height x 0.923 + Mother's height): 2

Smirnov/Gorbunov formula

Boy's height = (father's height + mother's height + 12.5): 2
Girl's height = (father's height + mother's height - 12.5): 2

With this formula, the resulting height changes by +/- 8 cm.

Checking the parameters using specific examples showed that the third formula is closest to reality.

The child’s height/weight is not normal: why, what to do

The real sign of a problem is not a specific indicator that does not match the table, but general deterioration of the child’s condition + weight problems. Weight loss in combination with any of the following is a worthy cause for concern:

• The child suffers from severe dermatitis;
• Its development is periodically disrupted - it becomes chaotic, stops;
• The child periodically suffers from complications;
• He gets excited easily or, on the contrary, is too calm.

In the above cases, being underweight is just one symptom of the problem.

When the baby is alert and healthy, deviations from 75% to 125% from the data in the table n are not a cause for concern. Variation comes from factors such as genes, food, lifestyle. To make sure your baby is developing properly, check the head circumference as well as the chest circumference. An alarming sign of going beyond the norm is when some indicator reaches an extreme - plus or minus.

Growth disorders in children - why?

Suspicion falls on hormones or pathologies of internal organs, if there are no adverse external effects - for example, injuries, if the child receives proper care and proper nutrition.

• Problems may be associated with endocrine disorders.
• Skeletal dysplasia and chromosomal diseases accompanied by short stature.
• Pathologies of the kidneys, liver and gastrointestinal tract.
• Indirectly - liver problems.
• In addition, growth disorders in children include some hereditary forms of pathology, for example, familial short stature.
  

Overweight in a child under one year old: why, what to do

Problems usually arise with artificial nutrition. In most cases there are three reasons:

1. Baby food is not properly selected, does not meet needs, or is not used correctly by parents. for example, the mother thinks that the diluted formula does not taste at all, and, to correct this, she adds more mixture than indicated. The child receives additional calories and gains weight with all the health consequences.
2. Overfeeding - if you act on the principle “the child will not eat more than he needs” - then you are mistaken. In fact, the baby obeys his sucking reflex and absorbs extra calories.
3. A genetically determined abnormality or nervous system control over the gastrointestinal tract is not developed for some reason.

The specific cause must be determined by a pediatrician.

The following nuances should also be taken into account when feeding infants: if regular food does not cause a rash or changes in stool in the child, parents often prematurely begin to give him food from their table in addition to formula.

As a result, some 4-month-old babies are already eating half a banana, others are scratching their gums on a cookie, thereby taking in additional food several times a day. This can result in excess weight, and sometimes in underweight (if nutrition is insufficient).

The problem is not weight, but...

Most of the problems are related to overprotective parents and a number of psychological problems inherent in our culture.

Many grandmothers and mothers believe that a child should be well-fed. Fatness is an indicator of health. They do not take into account that physical indicators are individual, they still tend to compare their child with other children. In our culture, we respect physical strength and people in the body. It is believed that someone else’s child, who is a few grams fatter or a few centimeters taller, is more developed. The mother is probably on a diet, but she feeds the child excessively so that it is no worse than others. And grandmothers who suffered from hunger and poverty want to “provide” the future generation with red cheeks and plump legs.

Weight and height of girls and boys from one to ten years

What is the relationship between a child's weight and age during this period? As in early childhood, it is important to take into account genetic predisposition, previous diseases, and congenital pathologies. But no less important factors are diet, lifestyle, and individual metabolic characteristics. It is also necessary to take into account the correspondence between the height and weight of the child.

Table of height, weight, age for girls from one year to 10 years

Growth table by year:

Weight table by year:

Table of height, weight, age for a boy from one year to 10 years

Growth table by year:

Weight table by year:

Teen Height and Weight Chart

The weight and height of children in this age range are characterized by a wide range of norms. With slow development in a boy and much faster development in a girl, complexes can form. It is important for a teenager to psychologically adapt to the changes that occur in his/her body in order to explain the reason for these changes. Teenage girls are strictly prohibited from dieting and adapting themselves to the “beauty standards” established in society.

Table - weight of girls from 11 to 17 years old

Table - Height of girls aged 11 to 17 years

Table - Weight of boys aged 11 to 17 years

Table - Height of boys aged 11 to 17 years

Characteristics of physical development during puberty

• As a rule, girls develop physically until they are 17-19 years old.
• Boys grow up to 19-22 years old.
• Intensive growth in girls was observed at the age of 10-12 years.
• A boy's intensive growth usually begins later - from 13 to 16 years.
• The growth spurt is explained by the hormonal surge during puberty.
• The table shows the average indicators of the norm and deviations from it in terms of height and weight of children. It is always necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the body and genetic predisposition.

The height and weight of the child by month and year are reflected in the standards proposed by WHO. It is important to consider a number of individual factors that influence the physical development of girls and boys. If there is too intense or, conversely, a slow increase in height and weight in children of any age, consult a neurologist, gastroenterologist, or endocrinologist.

Often, children's appetite is one of the main indicators of health for parents. A child, happily devouring lunch, seems to be signaling with his whole appearance: “Everything is fine with me.” A child sadly picking at his food with a fork, leaving half the portion on the plate, quite naturally causes anxiety. It is important to remember that lack of appetite and avoidance of certain food categories for several months or more can result in a lack of important nutrients for full growth and development. If the baby is not sick, feels well and develops normally, weight may be one of the markers of his health. To assess how your child’s height and weight correspond to accepted standards, you can use special tables for assessing a child’s height and weight developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Weight and height calculator

The calculator on our page will help you get clear and accessible information about child development. Many mothers are familiar with the situation when a “little one” refuses certain categories of products or simply does not have time to have a full lunch due to a busy schedule. How nutritious is your child's nutrition? Is he getting all the nutrients he needs in the right amounts? We offer a simple and convenient way to find out how you can improve and diversify your children's diet.

Height to weight ratio in children

The height and weight calculator performs a very important function - it helps parents get rid of doubts. How many times, while walking in the park or on the playground, have you noted with alarm that your baby seems half a head shorter than his peers? Or they dissatisfiedly parried the comments of others who remarked: “He’s so thin!”

In reality, assessing height and weight by eye does not provide any accurate data about the child.
The main indicators to focus on:

• 1. Height and weight of the child depending on age and gender
• 2. Height to weight ratio

Standards for height and weight of children in accordance with WHO criteria:

Boys

Parents should focus specifically on these intervals, and not on an approximate comparison of the child with his peers. Try to provide your child with a healthy routine, feed him tasty and healthy food, walk outside together - and you will have no reason to worry about a temporary lack of appetite or insufficient weight. And the weight and height calculator will always help you easily monitor your child’s development.

Sources:
1) Skurikhin I.M., Tutelyan V.A. Tables of the chemical composition and calorie content of Russian food products:
Directory. -M.: DeLi print, 2007. -276 p.
2) USDA SR-23 USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference
3) Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various population groups
Russian Federation. Methodological recommendations MP 2.3.1.2432 -08
4) The WHO Child Growth Standards: http://www.who.int/childgrowth/standards/en/ http://www.who.int/growthref/en/

A child's height and weight calculator from birth to 12 years will help determine the height and weight range of a child according to his age.

The calculator has an additional function - forecasting the child’s height and weight. Based on the entered parameters, you can predict height and weight for future years, but for this you need to fill in the corresponding fields with the child’s data as of today.

Please note that the response result is given in two versions:

1. according to centile tables;
2. according to the child’s weight and height.

Example: boy 8 years old - height 141 cm and weight 30 kg.

According to centile tables, the ratio of weight and height to age:

• Child’s height: tall (normal – 122-131 cm)
• Child's weight: overweight (normal 23-28 kg)

The child's weight according to his height:

• low (normal weight for a given height is 33-35 kg)

The child weighs above average and is even taller (tall child), i.e. weight does not catch up with height parameters. Therefore, according to the centile tables, the weight will be excessive for the norm, but insufficient for growth.

Calculate the child's weight and height

You can calculate the weight and height of a child according to his age independently by comparing the indicators according to the centile tables (tables 1 and 2), as well as comparing the ratio of the child’s height and weight (table 3). Remember that every child is different, so your child's growth and weight gain may differ from the values ​​​​indicated in the table.

Child's height and weight chart

Height and weight of a child up to one year old

To calculate the height and weight of a baby up to one year old, there is a table that will show how much weight a newborn should gain.

To quickly calculate the ratio of height and weight, as well as forecast indicators, use our height and weight calculator for a child from birth to 12 years.

The percentage of overweight children everywhere is increasing at an alarming rate - on average, one in three teenagers or children is now overweight or obese.

Now many children spend little time on training and outdoor games; they spend more time in front of the TV, playing video games or the computer. And in many working, busy families, parents have less free time to prepare healthy home-cooked meals. From fast food to the computer, fast and in a hurry - this is the reality for many families.

Protecting children from excess weight means establishing a proper diet and exercise routine in the family, as well as healthy rest together. We must include our children in a healthy lifestyle through our own example.

Is your child underweight or overweight?

Because children and adolescents are actively growing and developing, their BMI can change significantly over a short period of time. Therefore, the usual BMI assessment common in adults is not suitable for them. To accurately and correctly estimate a child's body mass index, scientists studied the weight-to-height ratio of many thousands of children. And when you need to determine whether your child's BMI is normal or deviates from it, comparison tables - "percentage curves" or distribution scales - with averages for children of this age and height will give you the opportunity to understand whether weight adjustments need to be adjusted. This compares your child's body mass index to the average of thousands of other children. This approach takes into account the developmental stages that children go through in certain age groups. For example, if a child has a body mass index higher than 97% of children of the same age, then we can conclude that the child is overweight.
This table contains information on the BMI of adolescents and children of both sexes from 2 to 20 years.

As a result, your child's BMI will fall into one of four categories:

• Lack of weight: BMI below the 5th average (percentage curve);
• Healthy weight: BMI between 5th and 85th average;
• Overweight: BMI in the range between 85 and 95;
• Obesity: BMI falls within the range of 95 or higher.

Table for assessing a child’s weight and height by BMI

However, BMI is not a perfect indicator of body fat and can be misleading in some cases. For example, a teenager with developed muscles can have a high BMI without being overweight (muscle is added to body weight, not excess weight). In addition, BMI can be difficult to estimate correctly during puberty, when young people go through rapid growth stages. In any case, it is important to remember that BMI is generally a good indicator, but it is not a direct measurement of the amount of fat in the body.

Bioimpedance analysis allows you to determine the exact percentage of adipose tissue. Using a certain device, a weak, safe electric current is passed through the body, changing its frequency. Different tissues of the body have different resistance to electric current, thus it becomes possible to calculate what proportion of the body is muscle, and what is bone and fat.

If you are concerned that your child may be overweight or underweight, arrange an appointment with your child's healthcare provider to evaluate their diet and physical activity level and suggest positive changes. Your doctor may also recommend preventing certain diseases associated with being underweight or obese.

Norms of weight and height of a child by age

Table of height and weight of a child up to one year

Table of child's height and weight by year

Preventing excess weight and obesity

• Don't reward children for good behavior or try to deter them from bad behavior with sweets or treats. Reward or punishment should not include food; there are many other effective and correct ways of education.
• Don't support the "clean plate policy". Watch for signs that your baby is hungry. Even babies who turn away from the bottle or breast report that they are full. If children are full, don't force them to continue eating. Remind yourself that we should only eat when we are hungry.
• Don't talk about "bad foods" and don't completely exclude all sweets and favorite treats from the children's menu. Children are likely to rebel and eat large quantities of these unhealthy foods outside the home or when their parents are not looking.

Conclusions

• From birth to 1 year: In addition to the well-known many health benefits, breastfeeding can also help prevent excessive weight gain. And although the exact mechanism has not yet been established, breastfed children more clearly sense their hunger and satiety, thus protecting themselves from overeating.
• From 1 year to 5 years: It is better to develop healthy habits from an early age. Help your child establish healthy eating habits by offering a variety of healthy foods. Encourage your child's natural tendency to be active and help him develop.
• From 6 to 12 years: Keep your child physically active every day. Let it be a sports section or outdoor games in the yard. Encourage activity at home - in everyday housework and in joint games and walks on weekends. Teach your child to choose useful and healthy foods, help him pack his own sandwiches for school.
• From 13 to 18 years old: Teens often gravitate toward fast food, but try to encourage them to eat healthier foods. For example, with baked chicken sandwiches, salads and smaller portions. Teach them how to prepare delicious healthy food and treats at home. Help them maintain physical activity every day.
• All ages: Reduce the amount of time your child spends watching TV, computers, and playing video games. Fight your child's habit of eating while looking at the TV or computer monitor. Try to prepare and offer your child a variety of healthy foods. Try to have breakfast, lunch and dinner with your child together. Encourage children to eat fruits and vegetables at least five times a day, limit sugary drinks and never skip breakfast.

But above all, let your children know that you love them no matter their weight, and your main desire is to help them be happy and healthy.

With the arrival of a baby in the family, happy parents have new concerns. The main one is the health of the heir. The main indicators of its harmonious development during a very important period of life are reflected in the table of height and weight of children under one year created by experts. It helps to establish how the process of becoming a baby proceeds, taking into account personal characteristics.

When a newborn is born, parents are told the first information about him: what gender he is, how much he weighs, what is the length of his body, as well as information about his general condition. Parents and doctors will closely monitor these values ​​throughout the year, since they are the main indicators of the harmonious formation of the body, and therefore general health.

Normal physical dimensions of newborns depend on the timing of birth. When, with a height of 46 to 57 cm, the baby weighs from 2600 to 4000 g, this is the norm for those born on time, that is, at 38–42 weeks of pregnancy. If the birth was premature, with pathologies, the pregnancy was multiple, then norms of weight and height are significantly reduced. For example, if a newborn born in twins or triplets weighs less than 2000 grams, then this value is not considered critical.

Pay attention! If at the time of discharge from the maternity hospital the newborn weighs less than at birth, then this is the norm.

Weight loss during the first days of life is up to 8% of the initial value. But the baby is discharged home only after the weight loss stops and weight gain begins. The pediatrician monitors changes in these values.

Physical characteristics of a baby up to one year old

The initial months of a baby’s life are accompanied by active growth, and body weight increases rapidly. Measurements of height and weight in children are carried out monthly, which is the main procedure for determining the normal functioning of the young body.

Height and weight are always individual and depend on the following factors:

• gender;
• values ​​of the main indicators of the newborn;
• genetic characteristics of the parents;
• past illnesses, various infections, sudden dehydration;
• teething, decreased or lack of appetite;
• congenital pathologies or their absence;
• social, everyday components of raising a baby;
• type of feeding.

Also the degree of increase in height and weight in children is influenced by maternal nutrition, the anatomical features of her breasts, individual feeding techniques, as well as the compatibility of various products and medications when feeding a baby with breast milk.

Measuring a child's weight

Several types of tabular forms have been developed to monitor the physical formation of infants:

1. Standard. Contains the values ​​of the basic development values ​​of a baby up to one year on a monthly basis.
2. An updated WHO table showing the norms for indicators up to a year, taking into account their initial characteristics.
3. Centile, which makes it possible to establish the correspondence of height and weight to the age of children. The table is designed to analyze and evaluate the physical development indicators of boys and girls separately.

In order to know for sure whether the physiological development of each individual baby is proceeding normally, it is enough to measure the baby’s body length with a stadiometer, determine how much he weighs on a special medical scale, and then compare the obtained values ​​with anthropometric data.

Standard table

This type is most often used by medical personnel because it is convenient, informative, and makes it easy to calculate the child’s weight, as well as body length, according to the age of the subject. Based on the given data, it adds 600 g to its original mass.

During the second and third months, when the most intensive formation of the body occurs, the increase is 800 grams per month. Next comes a gradual decrease in the monthly increase in the indicator by 50 grams, which is due to a decrease in the intensity of development of the baby’s body.

During the first month of life, the value of weight gain is less than in the next two months due to physiological loss of approximately 200 g at birth, which is normal. During the first few days of life, the young body of a newborn actively gets rid of excess fluid. More often, this phenomenon occurs during breastfeeding, since the mother does not yet produce milk for the first few days, but appears only from the second or third day after birth. The small amount of colostrum that the baby is fed until then does not contribute to weight gain. Thus, during this month the same 800 g are gained, but minus 200 g lost during the first days of existence. The average weight of a child by month is shown in the table.

As for the body length values, the calculations here are even simpler. During the first trimester, the baby grows by 3 cm every month. In the next trimester, the increase will be about 2.5 cm per month. Over another three months, approximately 2 cm are added. During the last trimester of the first year of existence, the intensity of development slows down. The increase in body length to the previous value is reduced to 1 cm monthly. In total, it turns out that over the course of a year the baby grows approximately 25 cm.

The table shows average norms for weight and height growth in children during the first year, which is a drawback, since a clear picture of the individual development of the subject does not emerge.

WHO tables

This form contains updated information. It reflects the height and weight of the child by month, taking into account the values ​​​​at birth. Undoubtedly physical measurements of the baby in dynamics will be different for infants who weighed the most or the least at birth. Since the physical characteristics of infants depend on their gender, the WHO tabulation forms are designed individually for boys and girls.

Table of development parameters for girls under one year old

The structure and formation of girls has a number of certain physiological distinctive characteristics, therefore the values ​​of the digital parameters of the physical development of their body are somewhat lower than the corresponding parameters of boys.

The baby's weight is monitored monthly. The table of characteristics during the first year of life for girls contains the outer columns with the largest and smallest values. These indicators are critical, so there is reason to recommend contacting specialists.

Table of development parameters for boys up to one year old

The main height and weight characteristics are contained in the WHO tabular form for boys, the principle of which is similar to the tabular form for girls.

The main thing you should pay attention to when monitoring a baby’s physical measurements is their monthly increase, that is, only the parameters of the length and body weight of a particular baby being examined for the previous period of time in relation to the present matter.

Boys' development

Centile tables

Using the data, it is determined whether the baby’s height and weight correspond to his actual age. The physical measurements of the subject are compared with the average figures obtained from examining a number of infants of the same age. Each column contains the boundary values ​​of a certain number of children being studied. The interval from 25% to 75% is considered normal.

Also very it is important that the measured physical dimensions of the infant belong to the same centile corridor. There may be a deviation of no more than one or two columns. Using this method of examination, one can judge the harmonious formation of the baby’s body. After conducting research, a conclusion is made about the physical state of development of the baby in points from 1 to 8.

Centile tabular forms for diagnosing physical development are developed individually for boys and girls.

How to calculate basic physical quantities

Using a child’s height and weight calculator, you can independently estimate the available weight and body length values ​​individually, for each specific case, and also calculate the body mass index. If the baby’s physical development has deviations, the calculator will report possible problems.

Pay attention! The calculator produces results based on the entered data. If measurements of the baby’s length and body weight are made with an error, then the calculation will also be inaccurate .

Useful video: norms for weight gain and growth of a child up to one year old

It is extremely important for each parent that their child develops harmoniously. The point is that minimum or maximum values ​​of body length and weight can occur in completely healthy babies, which depends on many reasons. If, in this case, the baby’s parameters fall into one corridor of the centile tabular form or differ by one, maximum two corridors, then this means that the baby is developing proportionally, and parents have no reason to worry.