What diet if you have a sick intestine? Nutrition for a sick intestine, what you need to eat, and what foods it is better to avoid. Diet recipes

05-10-2015

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This article is based on scientific evidence, written and reviewed by experts. Our team of licensed nutritionists and estheticians strive to be objective, unbiased, honest and present both sides of the argument.

The intestines play a big role in the human body. It is through it that all food digested by the stomach passes, which is then broken down into proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. If its functioning is disrupted, the absorption of these substances deteriorates, which is why the body begins to experience their deficiency.

But his work without them is simply impossible, so he begins to take them from his reserves, as a result the person experiences rapid fatigue, dizziness, nausea and even loses weight! At the same time, he may experience constipation and diarrhea, which also cause additional discomfort. Therefore, when such problems arise, a gut diet helps quickly get rid of them.

A complete diet is required

Adequate nutrition is an opportunity to provide the body with additional substances that it lacks. Often, intestinal diseases lead to excess weight loss not only due to the disappearance of fat, but also due to the loss of muscle mass. Therefore, the patient’s diet must contain protein. And the more there is, the better.
A diet for intestinal disease involves consuming at least 130 grams of protein per day for women, and more than 180 grams for men. In addition, you need to provide for yourself, which should happen 5-6 times a day. The smaller your portions are in volume and the more often you eat, the better the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients will occur, since the load on the internal organs will be small.

Since intestinal diseases reduce the absorption of vitamins and minerals, the body begins to experience a deficiency in them, and therefore it needs help. Unfortunately, dietary changes alone will not be enough to achieve this. Additional intake of vitamin complexes will be required.

Very important! Taking any medications, including vitamin complexes, should only be taken as prescribed by a doctor, since self-medication can lead to a deterioration in well-being and an exacerbation of the disease.
Requires consumption of large amounts of dairy products.
Dairy products contain sufficient amounts of phosphorus and calcium to maintain their balance in the body. In addition, they also contain a lot of fats and proteins, which are easily digested and do not burden the internal organs.

Some people who suffer from intestinal diseases do not tolerate pure milk and fermented milk products well. Therefore, they are recommended to eat low-fat unleavened cottage cheese and unsalted cheeses. They also contain sufficient amounts of these substances.
Therefore, experts recommend giving up tasty and healthy kefir during the treatment of the disease and replacing it with equally healthy and tasty cheese.

It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the disease

All other food products are selected based on the characteristics of the disease. After all, those foods that are indicated for constipation and have a laxative effect should in no case be consumed for diarrhea. And vice versa.

A diet for intestinal disease, which is accompanied by constipation, requires the inclusion in the diet of foods that have a laxative effect and stimulate the functioning of the organ. After all, it is an incorrect and unbalanced diet that leads to this problem.
In this case, the chemical composition of the daily menu should consist of 100 grams of animal protein, 120 grams of vegetable fats and 400 grams of carbohydrates. In this case, the daily caloric content of the diet should not exceed 3000 kcal.

Foods that enhance intestinal motility are rich in sugars, table salt, organic acids, dietary fiber, connective tissue, carbon dioxide and fats. These products include:

vegetable soups (you can also soups cooked in meat broth, but in limited quantities - no more than 100 grams);
lean meat;
chicken, turkey;
fish;
day-old bread made from wholemeal flour;
crumbly porridges made from wheat and buckwheat;
laxative vegetables: beets, cucumbers, pumpkin, tomatoes, carrots, zucchini, cauliflower;
dairy products;
sweet fruits (they should be consumed in large quantities, especially apricots and plums);
dried fruits;
jam;
marmalade;
decoctions of wheat bran and rose hips;
freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices.

To avoid exacerbation of the disease, if you have constipation, it is highly recommended not to consume foods such as:

bread made from premium flour;
any baked goods;
all types of smoked meats;
fatty meats and fish;
legumes;
semolina;
all types of pasta;
absolutely all mushrooms;
jelly;
garlic and onion;
chocolate;
hot seasonings - horseradish, mustard, ground black pepper;
various confectionery products containing fatty creams;
quince;
cocoa;
strong tea and coffee.

All these products help strengthen stool, reduce intestinal motility and contribute to the development of constipation. That is why the diet for intestinal disease excludes them from the patient’s diet.

There are foods and dishes that have virtually no effect on intestinal motility. Therefore, absolutely all patients can eat them. These include:

steamed dishes made from minced dietary meat;
fish without skin, steamed or boiled;
fresh unleavened cottage cheese;
yesterday's baked goods made from wholemeal flour.

All these foods can be eaten without any fear. They are easily digested and absorbed by the body, without putting a heavy burden on it.

Diarrhea is a condition in which there is irritation of the intestinal walls and frequent bowel movements. It is dangerous as it can lead to dehydration. Therefore, as soon as the first signs of diarrhea begin to appear, measures should be taken immediately to treat it.

You can take some medicine that will help stop the symptoms of the disease. But this will only help stop diarrhea for a while. Its true treatment lies in following a special diet.

The causes of intestinal dysfunction can be very diverse. If diarrhea is accompanied by vomiting, nausea and dizziness, you should immediately consult a specialist.

Symptoms such as discolored stool, red stool, bloating, dark vision, weakness, fever, vomiting and nausea may indicate the presence of diseases that can be life-threatening.

A diet for intestinal upset can be used independently only if diarrhea is not accompanied by the symptoms described above. Its main task is to provide the body with all the necessary substances, while placing a minimum load on the gastrointestinal tract.

All this is possible only if:

reducing daily intake of fats and carbohydrates;
increasing daily consumption of animal proteins;
exclusion from the diet of foods that increase intestinal motility;
exclusion from the patient’s diet of foods that contribute to the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines.

In this case, the patient’s meals should be fractional, with a predominance of liquid and warm food, with a total calorie content of no more than 1900 kcal. Such nutrition will help reduce the load on the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate the symptoms of diarrhea.

The food that will be consumed should be light and well absorbed by the body. And to achieve this, it should be steamed or simply boiled in lightly salted water. And before using it you need to wipe it thoroughly.

Dumplings, soufflés, steamed cutlets made from dietary and lean meat are an ideal source of animal protein. In addition, they are low in fat and carbohydrates. Just what the diet for intestinal disorders requires.

If diarrhea occurs, you should eat foods such as:

unleavened fresh cottage cheese;
eggs, boiled soft-boiled or cooked as a steam omelet;
jelly made from fresh berries and fruits;
baked apples (they should be wiped before eating);
butter (it cannot be consumed in its pure form, it can only be added to prepared dishes);
steam cutlets, soufflé, quenelles;
wheat crackers;
yesterday's bread made from wheat flour.

Prohibited foods include:

all types of canned food;
smoked meats;
marinades;
milk;
kefir, fermented baked milk;
teas and coffee with added sugar and milk;
carbonated drinks;
cocoa;
fatty meats and fish.

In addition, it is prohibited to eat too hot or cold food, as it contributes to irritation of the intestinal mucosa. It is also not recommended to drink alcoholic beverages during symptoms of diarrhea, as they contribute to even greater dehydration of the body.

Fruits contain coarse fibers that contribute to gastrointestinal irritation, so they should be excluded from the diet while eating. For the same reason, it is not recommended to eat vegetables. Legumes are also prohibited, as they lead to the formation of a fermentation process in the intestines, and with diarrhea, this can lead to a deterioration in well-being.

It is very important to take rehydrating medications if you have an intestinal disorder. They help the body maintain its strength and prevent dehydration by restoring the water-alkaline balance.

If you don’t have such a remedy in your home medicine cabinet, you can easily prepare it yourself. To do this, take a liter of chilled boiled water and dilute in it a tablespoon of sugar, a teaspoon of salt and half a teaspoon of baking soda. This solution should be taken every 10-15 minutes in small sips.

In addition to this solution, you need to drink a lot of water. This is a very important nuance. This helps replenish lost fluid in the body and improve well-being.

And the most important thing! If you are treating diarrhea on your own, but do not observe a positive result within 24-48 hours, you need to urgently contact a specialist! Otherwise, you risk earning yourself various “bonuses” in the form of dehydration and other diseases.

Video about diet for intestinal problems

Proper nutrition for irritable bowel syndrome

It is important to exclude from the diet foods and dishes that enhance the processes of rotting and fermentation in the intestines. Food should be steamed, boiled or baked in uncut form. Fruits and vegetables can be consumed both raw and boiled. It is recommended to eat 4-6 times a day. At night you can eat compotes, kefir, prunes, and fresh fruit.

What foods can you eat?

Flour products. It is allowed to eat wheat bread made from second-grade flour, as well as Doktorsky and Barvikha grain bread. And everything is only yesterday’s baking. You can afford unsweetened cookies and dry biscuits.

Soups. The diet can include dishes based on low-fat, weak fish and meat broth, and vegetable broth. You should preferably consume vegetable soups (cabbage soup, borscht, beetroot soup).

Meat and poultry. You can afford lean meats, turkey and chicken, boiled or baked, both in pieces and chopped. Milk sausages are allowed.

Fish. You can diversify your table with dishes made from lean fish and seafood.

Dairy products. Various fermented milk drinks, fresh cottage cheese and dishes prepared from it are acceptable. You can eat mild cheese, cream, and add sour cream to your dishes.

Eggs. It is allowed to cook steam omelettes, as well as eat soft-boiled eggs, but no more than 2 per day.

Cereals. You can prepare crumbly porridges and casseroles with millet, buckwheat, barley and wheat cereals.

Vegetables. They can be eaten raw, cooked (as side dishes) and in the form of casseroles. You can include beets, cucumbers, tomatoes, carrots, lettuce, zucchini, pumpkin, and cauliflower in your diet.

Fruits and sweets. Ripe, fresh, sweet berries and fruits will be a tasty addition to any meal. They can be consumed in increased quantities. Dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes, figs, apricots) are allowed when soaked. You can pamper yourself with jam, honey, marmalade, marshmallows and milk caramel.

Beverages. Tea and coffee substitutes, vegetable and fruit juices, and rosehip decoction are allowed.

What is excluded from the diet

Butter and puff pastry, bread made from premium flour.

Fatty meats, duck, goose, smoked meats.

Onions, radishes, garlic, radishes, mushrooms, turnips.

Smoked and fatty fish, canned food.

Semolina, rice, vermicelli, sago.

Fried eggs and hard-boiled eggs.

Legumes.

Spicy and fatty dishes.

Blueberries, dogwood, quince, jelly, products with cream, chocolate.

Mustard, horseradish, pepper.

Natural coffee, cocoa, strong tea.

Helping the body with irritable bowel syndrome with Mikrasim®

The organic cause of irritable bowel syndrome has not been established. It is generally accepted that the main factor is stress. Many patients note that their symptoms increase during times of emotional stress or after eating certain foods. To alleviate this condition, it is recommended to increase physical activity and eat healthy. When irritable bowel syndrome is combined with enzymatic insufficiency of the pancreas, the enzyme drug Mikrasim® can be used as part of complex therapy, which helps normalize digestion and complete absorption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates*.

The number of people with problems with the digestive tract is increasing from year to year, and their age is becoming younger. Several decades ago, people over 40 years of age suffered from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but now even young children are at risk. There are plenty of reasons for the occurrence of such pathologies: irregular nutrition, stress, poor environmental situation. Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is an essential component of treatment.

Dietary nutrition for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

The digestive system has a complex structure, each organ has its own functions, responsible for processing food, extracting nutrients or delivering them to the blood. For this reason, there are many diets for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; they are compiled depending on the disease, differ from each other in the list of products, and the volume of food consumed.

Diet for gastritis with high acidity

Gastritis must be treated comprehensively. With this form of the disease, the diet should help reduce the production of hydrochloric acid and gastric juice. This is achieved subject to certain rules:

You can't overeat. Eat small meals 6-9 times a day.
Salt and spices are prohibited.
Replace fried foods with boiled or steamed ones.
It is forbidden to eat cold or hot food (it can become an irritant to the esophagus and intestines). The best option is warm dishes.
You can't wash down your food.
Difficult to digest, solid foods are prohibited.

Nutrition for peptic ulcers

A stomach or duodenal ulcer is a disease characterized by the presence of damage to the mucous membrane. The main causative agent of peptic ulcer disease is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, transmitted through household contact, but there are other causes: poor diet, bad habits, increased stomach acidity. This disease has a long course. The period of remission usually occurs in winter and summer, exacerbation - in autumn and spring. This is a diet for life.

The main principles for selecting a dietary diet are as follows:

The need to adhere to a regimen of fractional meals with multiple meals.
Eating foods with high nutritional value.
Excluding products that have a juice effect and irritate the intestinal mucosa.

Diet for hepatitis A, B, C

Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by a viral infection. This pathology poses a serious threat to the patient’s life and requires regular medical supervision and proper diet. For patients with hepatitis, a diet is like a way of life; with constant adherence to it, remission can last up to several years.

The following products are prohibited for people suffering from hepatitis:

herbs, spices;
sour varieties of fruit;
conservation;
cold food (ice cream);
sweet water with gas;
sweets;
baking;
fatty meat, fish and soups made from them;
alcohol;
garlic, tomatoes, onions, radishes, radishes.

Proper diet for intestinal infection

An intestinal infection is accompanied by gastrointestinal upset, vomiting and diarrhea, which causes severe dehydration and loss of nutrients. Doctors believe that it is impossible to fast during an infection; a gentle, fasting diet will help improve the patient’s condition. The main element of this diet is drinking plenty of fluids. Food consumption should be reduced to a minimum. Suitable foods would be dietary meat and fish, semi-liquid dishes such as soup, jelly, pureed porridge, heat-treated fruits and vegetables.

For irritable bowel syndrome

Functional digestive disorders last for several months. The main goal of a diet for irritable bowel disease (IBS) and flatulence is to normalize the functioning of the digestive system and relieve an acute condition. It is necessary to remove all foods that irritate the intestines:

fried, spicy, smoked, salted dishes;
preserved sausage;
alcohol;
legumes;
chocolate;
baked goods, fresh bread;
fast food;
seasonings;
sour juices and fruits.

Therapeutic diets for gastrointestinal diseases: menu for the week

Depending on the symptoms of the disease of a particular organ of the digestive system, a specific diet is used. For example, table No. 4 is prescribed for colitis, dyskinesia and enterocolitis, No. 5 - for liver diseases and inflammation of the pancreas, No. 1 - diet for gastric erosion, gastritis or ulcers, No. 16 - for duodenal ulcers, No. 2 - for chronic gastritis. Read more about the seven-day menu of different diets for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Number 1: for gastritis and stomach ulcers during the recovery period

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract No. 1 is prescribed during the recovery period; its goal is to eliminate foci of residual inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive system. The weekly menu is as follows:

Days one and three:

7:30-8:00 – buckwheat.
10:00-10:30 – vegetable puree (stewed carrots).
12:30-13:00 – soup with oatmeal.
15:00-15:30 – boiled egg.
17:30-18:00 – corn porridge.
20:00-20:30 – cottage cheese soufflé.

Days two and five:

7:30-8:00 – oatmeal.
10:00-10:30 – steamed omelette.
12:30-13:00 – fish soufflé and grated beets. Learn how to cook delicious food.
15:00-15:30 – buckwheat soup.
17:30-18:00 – jelly.
20:00-20:30 – semolina.

Days four and six:

7:30-8:00 – rice porridge.
10:00-10:30 – soft-boiled egg.
12:30-13:00 – mashed potatoes.
15:00-15:30 – soup with barley.
17:30-18:00 – pear jelly.
20:00-20:30 – applesauce.

Day seven:

7:30-8:00 – semolina.
10:00-10:30 – steamed omelette.
12:30-13:00 – rice soup.
15:00-15:30 – vegetable puree.
17:30-18:00 – banana.
20:00-20:30 – jelly.

Gentle diet number 2

This diet has a beneficial effect on intestinal motility and is prescribed for enterocolitis and chronic gastritis (with low acidity).

The first breakfast includes a choice of: omelet, buckwheat, noodle maker, mashed potatoes. For second breakfast, it is recommended to choose the following dishes: jelly, jelly, oatmeal, yogurt. For lunch, rice or chicken soup with pasta or meat broth are suitable. For an afternoon snack, choose something light - orange, fruit salad, cottage cheese soufflé, kefir. For dinner, prepare fish casserole, vegetable stew, vinaigrette, buckwheat in meat broth.

Table No. 3 for the intestines for constipation

A diet for gastrointestinal disease involves excluding fried foods and foods that enhance fermentation processes in the intestines. Food is baked, steamed or boiled. The menu for the week is as follows:

Monday and Wednesday

Breakfast – buckwheat with butter, vinaigrette.
Lunch - apple.
Lunch – vegetable soup.
Afternoon snack – dried apricots, pre-soaked for 40 minutes in hot water.
Dinner – jellied fish of low-fat varieties.
Late evening - kefir.

Tuesday and Thursday

Breakfast – beet broth, tea.
Lunch – baked apple.
Lunch – cabbage rolls, barley soup.
Afternoon snack – raw grated carrots.
Dinner – low-fat fish in marinade, sweet tea.
Late evening - kefir.

Friday and Sunday

Breakfast – millet porridge, vegetable salad, dressed with olive oil.
Lunch – baked apple.
Lunch – vegetable soup, stewed cabbage.
Afternoon snack - cottage cheese.
Dinner – pancakes with meat.
Late evening - kefir.

Breakfast - oatmeal, tea.
Lunch – grated raw apple.
Lunch – vegetable stew, beetroot soup.
Afternoon snack – boiled beets.
Dinner – stewed carrots with sour cream.
Late evening - kefir.

Diet 4 for colitis and enterocolitis

Colitis (spastic, erosive) and enterocolitis are inflammatory phenomena occurring in the large and small intestine. The recipes for dietary dishes at table No. 4 use the lightest possible ingredients. Spicy, fried and salty foods are prohibited. All vegetables and fruits can be heat treated before consumption. The weekly menu for a diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is as follows:

Monday

Breakfast - oatmeal.
Lunch - jelly.
Lunch – semolina porridge.
Afternoon snack – rosehip tea.
Dinner – omelet, pureed rice.
Late evening - jelly.

Breakfast – vegetable puree.
Lunch - pudding.
Lunch – buckwheat.
Afternoon snack - compote.
Dinner – applesauce and cottage cheese.
Late evening - jelly.

Breakfast – rice soup, cocoa.
Lunch - pudding.
Lunch – oatmeal, fish fillet.
Afternoon snack – boiled egg.
Dinner – steamed chicken cutlets.
Late evening - compote.

Breakfast – rice porridge.
Lunch - jelly.
Lunch – mashed potatoes and fish soufflé.
Afternoon snack – soft-boiled egg.
Dinner – fish ball, omelette.
Late evening – chicken broth.

Breakfast - semolina.
Lunch – applesauce.
Lunch – oatmeal soup.
Afternoon snack – omelet.
Dinner – buckwheat in meat broth.
Late evening - cocoa.

Breakfast – compote, semolina.
Lunch - jelly.
Lunch – pureed rice.
Afternoon snack – jelly.
Dinner – soup with oatmeal.
Late evening – fruit puree (apple, pear).

Sunday

Breakfast - buckwheat.
Lunch - jelly.
Lunch – mashed potatoes, beef meatballs.
Afternoon snack – steamed apple.
Dinner – buckwheat.
Late evening - compote.

Table number 5 for liver diseases

The diet is based on the rule of three “Ws”: fried, fatty and yellow foods are prohibited. prescribed for the following diseases: exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, liver failure, colic, cholelithiasis, fatty liver. The weekly menu consists of:

Monday

Breakfast – rice porridge.
Lunch – cottage cheese casserole.
Lunch – cabbage soup, boiled meat.
Afternoon snack - biscuit.
Dinner – macaroni and cheese.

Breakfast – steamed cutlets, apple and carrot salad.
Lunch – fresh green apple.
Lunch – potato soup.
Afternoon snack – soft cookies.
Dinner – buckwheat.

Breakfast - omelette without yolks, oatmeal.
Lunch – baked apple.
Lunch – boiled chicken meat, vegetable soup.
Afternoon snack – juice.
Dinner – mashed potatoes and boiled fish.

Breakfast - cottage cheese.
Lunch - pasta.
Lunch – oatmeal soup.
Afternoon snack – kefir.
Dinner – milk rice porridge.

Breakfast - cottage cheese.
Lunch – carrot puree.
Lunch – borscht without meat.
Afternoon snack – fresh fruit.
Dinner – mashed potatoes, boiled fish.

Breakfast – oatmeal with milk.
Lunch – baked apple.
Lunch – milk soup with pasta.
Afternoon snack – juice.
Dinner is semolina.

Sunday

Breakfast – vegetable salad.
Lunch – low-fat cottage cheese with sour cream.
Lunch – soup without meat, steamed cutlets.
Afternoon snack – baked apple.
Dinner – dumplings with cottage cheese.

Diet 16 for duodenal ulcers

A diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is prescribed during the period of remission (for duodenal ulcers, gastritis). Table No. 16 is suitable for those patients who are in semi-bed rest and do not move much. All food is steamed or boiled until soft, rubbed through a sieve or pureed. The diet menu for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract for a week is as follows:

Monday and Wednesday

Breakfast – milk rice porridge, omelette.
Lunch - milk.
Afternoon snack – milk.
Dinner – buckwheat.
Late dinner - milk.

Tuesday and Thursday

Breakfast – oatmeal with milk.
Lunch – rice soup, fish soufflé.
Afternoon snack – milk.
Dinner – oatmeal.
Late dinner - milk.

Friday and Sunday

Breakfast – soft-boiled egg, semolina.
Lunch – milk, curd cream.
Lunch – rice soup, compote.
Afternoon snack – milk.
Dinner – buckwheat.
Late dinner - milk.

Breakfast – milk rice porridge.
Lunch – milk, curd cream.
Lunch – oatmeal soup, meat soufflé.
Afternoon snack – milk.
Dinner – buckwheat.
Late dinner - milk.

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials in the article do not encourage self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and make recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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Doctors are paying attention to the increase in intestinal disorders, according to statistics. They have become more frequent both among children and among adults. Increasing life expectancy has exacerbated the problem of atony in old age, and the “rejuvenation” of peptic ulcers, gastritis, and cholecystitis causes early concomitant damage in adolescents.

Finding out the reasons shows how important nutrition is to gut health. The intake of energy substrates, vitamins, and the level of immunity into the body depends on the proper functioning of the intestines. Failure leads to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and biliary system. To restore functions and treat, it is necessary to introduce foods that are healthy for the intestines into the diet.

What intestinal diseases require a special diet?

Among the most common intestinal pathologies are:

functional diseases caused by impaired motor skills (dyspepsia, dyskinesia, irritable bowel syndrome);
inflammatory bowel diseases, including autoimmune and infectious nature of the lesion (enteritis, gastroenteritis, colitis, enterocolitis, Crohn's disease);
tumors (large and small intestine, benign and malignant).

The “culprits” of the lesion may be other diseases of the overlying organs that ensure proper digestion of food before entering the intestine, or primary disorders that arise directly in the duodenum or large intestine.

Digestive problems arise in response to medications, improper diet and regimen, stressful situations, heavy lifting or physical inactivity. This effect must be excluded in the treatment of diseases.

Schoolchildren and students often suffer from diarrhea during exams.

What are the signs of intestinal disease?

You should think about indigestion in the intestines if:

pain around the navel, lower abdomen on both sides, cramping or pulling, associated with eating;
diarrhea or constipation;
constant bloating, rumbling;
vague nausea, loss of appetite;
there is an admixture of blood or mucus in the stool;
prolonged low temperature;
unmotivated fatigue, weakness;
weight loss.

These symptoms require consulting a doctor, finding out the cause and timely treatment. In therapy, the role of medications, regimen and diet is equally important.

Rules for creating a diet for intestinal pathology

A diet for the intestines for various diseases has its own characteristics, but must provide:

maximum sparing in the amount of food received (for example, in the postoperative period until complete starvation and the transition to intravenous administration of nutritional solutions) is achieved by fractional feeding in small portions 6–7 times a day, avoiding overeating;
elimination of irritants of any type (chemical, mechanical) - exclude dishes containing seasonings, pickles, marinades, hot sauces, anything fried, smoked, canned, alcohol; the method of boiling, stewing, steaming is allowed, the permitted set of products is dictated by the peculiarities of the functional state of the intestines;
the patient consumes dishes of the appropriate consistency (liquid, pureed, semi-liquid, crushed);
intake of sufficient quantities of components from food to support metabolism, energy exchange, vitamin and water balance;
careful attitude to the composition of the intestinal flora, dysbiosis significantly worsens the prognosis of any disease (for example, excess protein food helps to suppress beneficial bacteria);
compliance with a consistent transition to a normal diet if an acute disease was treated, fulfillment of requirements throughout life - in case of a chronic pathology.

The diet for intestinal disease is based on differences in functional disorders, which manifest themselves as constipation or diarrhea. Nutritionists recommend using tables No. 3 and No. 4 (with options) approved according to the Pevzner classification. They allow you to choose the right menu for a particular patient’s diet. Here are the basic requirements and tips for choosing available products to maintain a balanced diet.

Features of dietary table No. 3

Table No. 3 is used for physiological conditions (pregnancy) and intestinal diseases, with constipation. These include intestinal atony that arose during travel due to climate and water changes, against the background of the necessary long-term bed rest, enterocolitis, partial adhesive obstruction, general degenerative disorders in old age, and physical inactivity.

If constipation is caused by an exacerbation of a chronic disease, then the recommendations must be adjusted, since diet 3 includes irritating factors. The purpose of the diet is:

increased peristaltic active movements of the large intestine;
elimination of processes of increased fermentation and rotting;
compensation for the irritating effects of bile acids on the intestines.

The criteria for benefit are regular bowel cleansing and cessation of bloating. Products to be excluded include those that do not contain enough fiber and are quickly absorbed:

rich pastries, soft wheat bread, culinary and pasta products, cakes, sweets;
dishes from fatty meat and fish, rich broths;
canned food, smoked sausages and sausages;
whole milk;
rice porridge, semolina, casseroles with these cereals;
legumes (peas, beans, lentils);
fried eggs;
garlic and onion;
mushrooms in any form;
chocolate, ice cream;
alcohol, carbonated drinks.

The consumption of tea and coffee, cocoa, and berry jelly is limited.

You will need to exclude radishes, radishes, and cabbage from the set of vegetables.

Among the berries, quince, dogwood, fresh blueberries, compote or jam are not recommended. As for fruits, you need to avoid pears, bananas, and grapes. People's favorite onions and garlic, as well as radishes and radishes, contain a significant amount of extractive substances that irritate the intestinal mucosa. Sweets and baked goods contain too many light carbohydrates, which provoke fermentation and support rotting.

Products that help cleanse the intestines:

yesterday's dried rye or rye-wheat bread, varieties “Dietary”, “Otrubnoy”, “Multi-grain”, dry bread;
low-fat soup made from meat and fish;
steamed cutlets, meatballs, boiled chicken dishes;
"Milk" sausages;
kefir, yogurt, yogurt, ayran and other fermented milk drinks made no more than 3 days in advance (at a different time they have a fixing effect);
low-fat cottage cheese, mild hard cheese.

Milk is allowed to be added to porridge. Cereal products are boiled in water; the most useful compositions are buckwheat, millet, pearl barley, and oatmeal). Eggs can be eaten hard-boiled or added to first courses twice a week. It is recommended to prepare salads with vegetable oil more often from fresh vegetables. Healthy: cauliflower, cucumbers, zucchini, carrots, pumpkin, beets, tomatoes, vegetable juices.

Shown are fresh berries and fruits (including those excluded), dried fruit compote. Dried apricots, figs, and raisins are especially valued. For drinking, weak green tea and herbal infusions are used. You can eat sweets based on fruit jelly (marmalade, marshmallows), small amounts of honey, and jam made from permitted berries and fruits.

Table No. 3 allows you to eat a total mass per day that does not exceed 3 kg; it is useful to drink liquid in a volume of 1.5–2 liters. When the requirements are fully met, the diet allows for long-term use and choice of products. Some nutritionists consider its significant drawback - the ban on whole milk.

Dietary table No. 4 and its features

Diet No. 4 is used for diseases and conditions accompanied by diarrhea (intestinal infections, enteritis, enterocolitis, irritable bowel syndrome, travelers' diarrhea), in the postoperative period during surgical interventions on the intestines.

The diet has the following goals: reducing the process of inflammation in the intestines, reducing peristalsis, eliminating fermentation processes, preventing rotting. In addition to the general requirements for intestinal protection, special requirements are provided:

all dishes must be ground, liquid and semi-liquid in consistency;
it is allowed to reduce calorie content to 1700 kcal due to the limited inclusion of carbohydrates and fats for a period of no more than a week, subject to the standards for the amount of protein;
Any foods containing substances that increase the secretion of gastric juice are excluded from the diet.

Puree soup with white croutons meets the requirements of diet No. 4

Prohibited:

fatty, rich fish and meat broths, vegetable soups seasoned with coarse grains (barley), milk soups with noodles;
rich pastries, bread with bran, made from rye flour;
dishes made from fatty meat or fish in the form of a fried piece;
canned food;
herring and salted fish;
sausages;
whole milk, sour milk products, sour cream, high-fat cottage cheese, sharp cheeses;
eggs, both fried and boiled;
porridge from pearl barley, barley, millet cereals;
any legumes, soy products;
fresh vegetables and fruits, salads;
hot seasonings, spices;
sweets, confectionery, honey and jam;
adding milk to tea and coffee.

You can include in the menu:

only wheat bread, dried or yesterday's bread without crusts (up to 200 g per day), crackers;
soups and broths from lean meat and fish with the addition of meatballs, minced meat, egg whites;
liquid, boiled to a slimy state, porridge (rice, oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat), cooked in water or broth;
cutlets and meatballs are prepared from lean, double-rolled minced meat and steamed poultry;
low-fat, non-acidic cottage cheese;
a teaspoon of butter is added to the finished dish on a plate;
eggs in a steam omelet, soft-boiled;
vegetable soups from decoctions, stewed puree;
stewed fruits, in jelly, grated apple.

You are allowed to drink rosehip decoction, berry juices (plum, apricot, and grape juices are excluded), weak green and black tea, and coffee.

Diarrhea, as one of the symptoms, occurs with various diseases of the digestive system. Therefore, diet options 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d allow you to choose nutrition for a specific case. Diet 4a is indicated for patients with colitis and increased fermentation, severe flatulence. It limits the weight of bread to 100 g per day, sugar to 20 g. More protein products such as fresh low-fat cottage cheese, steamed meat and fish dishes are allowed. Calcined cottage cheese is considered the best.

Calcined cottage cheese is produced by adding a solution or powder of calcium chloride salt to milk.

Diet 4b - recommended for patients with chronic colitis during the period of subsidence of symptoms (subacute). The list of permitted products includes dry cookies, biscuits, sandwiches with mild cheese, and kefir. You can add milk to porridge, coffee, tea. The amount of salt increases (up to 10 g per day). Vitamins are added to prepared dishes.

Diet 4c is prescribed for a combination of enterocolitis with other diseases of the digestive system during the recovery period. Its task is to prevent functional intestinal problems. Plays a preventive role. No twisting, chopping or grinding is required in preparing dishes. The allowed amount of carbohydrates and proteins is 2 times higher than with the classic diet, fats up to 100 g. Energy intensity is 2500 kcal.

Diet 4g - is used if intestinal diseases are combined with chronic pancreatitis at the recovery stage; diarrhea prevails in the clinical course. Immediately after a “starvation” diet, it is impossible to transfer such a patient to table No. 5. The composition is almost no different from 4c, but the calorie content is lower (1800 kcal/day).

Pureed vegetarian soups, pureed zucchini, cauliflower, and pumpkin are allowed.

If tolerated well, you can sweeten porridge and tea with honey. Of the fruits, only sweet varieties are useful; the berries can be eaten without the thick skin. Indications for diets and the time of transition from one type to another depend on the course of the intestinal disease. It is impossible to determine in advance how long they will have to be used. In each specific case, you should consult your doctor.

Every person sometimes has intestinal problems. What are the types of intestinal diseases? What are the main recommendations for the treatment of intestinal diseases?

The intestine performs one of the main functions in the digestion process. Intestinal diseases arise due to dysentery, infection with protozoan microorganisms (giardia, amoeba, trichomonas), intoxication (mercury, arsenic), violations of the diet and quality of nutrition, following poor diets, and injuries. The process of inflammation occurs either in the small intestine (enteritis), or in the large intestine (colitis), or the entire gastrointestinal tract becomes inflamed (enterocolitis).

Intestinal diseases are divided into acute and chronic. It is necessary to promptly and correctly treat intestinal diseases to avoid the disease becoming chronic.

The main role in the treatment of intestinal diseases, in addition to drug therapy, such as taking bifidumbacterin and other drugs, belongs to proper diet therapy. The diet depends on the nature of the disease, the state of intestinal motor function, the presence or absence of food intolerance, age, gender of the patient, and concomitant diseases.

It should also be borne in mind that all products have different effects on intestinal function and can be divided into three groups:

promoting emptying
defecation-delaying
foods that have virtually no effect on bowel movements

Nutrition for acute intestinal inflammation.

Acute inflammation of the intestines - enterocolitis, occurs together with acute inflammation of the stomach. Main symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, complaints of belching, stomach pain, lack of appetite, severe general weakness.

In case of acute inflammation, it is recommended to consume only liquid foods for the first day, such as rice water and blueberry jelly. When vomiting and diarrhea, the body loses a lot of fluid, it is very important to drink more fluid. It is recommended to drink hot tea without sugar or mineral water. On the third day of illness, a diet with a limited number of calories is recommended: 200g carbohydrates, 60g fats, 5-6g table salt, 100-120g proteins.

Nutritional therapy for severe diarrhea

soups with low-fat fish or meat broth, you can add rice or semolina
vegetable broths
wheat bread crackers
steamed cutlets from lean meat or fish
low fat cottage cheese
pureed porridge (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice)
jelly
grated apples
green tea
black coffee
decoction of black currants, dried blueberries, rose hips

Foods to Avoid

For intestinal diseases, the following should be excluded:

fatty dishes and foods (broths, meat, poultry, fish)
canned food, smoked meats
flour and bakery products
dairy
pearl barley and wheat groats
pasta
legumes
berries, vegetables, fresh fruits
cakes, pastries, sweets, chocolate
coffee, cocoa
cold and carbonated drinks

The food is characterized by low energy value (2000 kcal per day). Proteins 90 g, fats 70 g, carbohydrates 250 g are consumed per day.

Therapeutic nutrition for constipation

vegetable soups
meat, fish (low-fat)
stale wholemeal bread
dairy products
crumbly porridge
vegetables (carrots, tomatoes, beets, zucchini, cucumbers, cauliflower, pumpkin)
berries and fruits
honey, jam
soaked dried fruits (figs, prunes)
rosehip decoction
juices (vegetables, fruits)

Products to exclude:

fat meat
bakery products made from premium flour
legumes
garlic, onion
radish, radish
canned food, smoked meats
rice, semolina
pasta
chocolate
jelly
strong tea
mustard, pepper, horseradish

The energy value of food for constipation is 2800-3000 kcal per day, and also consumed 100 g of proteins (50 g animal proteins), 90-130 g of fats (50 g vegetable fats), 400-420 g of carbohydrates.