Presentation of the New Year's holiday in elementary school. New Year's presentation on the topic. Santa Claus around the world

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Who are you, Santa Claus?

Name: Santa Claus.

He is also: Grandfather Treskun, Moroz Ivanovich,

Frost Red Nose (Rus)

Appearance: A tall man with a white beard. Wears a red or blue coat. In his hands he has a magic staff, with which he "freezes".

Character Previously, Grandfather was harsh. With age, the character of Santa Claus has changed in better side, and now the old man is perceived as a kind wizard with a bag of gifts

Age: Santa Claus is very old

Place of residence: Ancient Santa Claus, lived in an ice hut, where one could get, lives in the city of Veliky Ustyug.

Kind of activity:. he visits guests on New Year's Eve and distribution of gifts. True, sometimes it requires the recipient to first tell the rhyme.

Vehicle: Moves, usually on foot. Overcomes long distances - in a sleigh pulled by a trio of white horses

The very first Santa Claus was Saint Nicholas. When he left, he left golden apples in a slipper in front of the fireplace to the poor family that sheltered him.

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Santa Claus around the world

Belgium, Austria - Saint Nicholas. .Germany - Weinachtsman. Spain - Papa NoelItaly - Babbo Natale.Kazakhstan - Kolotun Aga.. China - Shan Dan Laozhen.

Russia - Santa Claus. Romania - Mosh Dzharila.

Serbia - Deda Mraz. USA - Santa Claus. Turkey Croatia - Deda Mraz. Uzbekistan - Noel Baba. Finland - Yolupukki. France - Pere Noel.

Czech Republic, Slovakia - Mikulas. Japan - Segatsu-san.

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New year in Russia

In Russia, every time the chimes strike, they make a wish. It is believed that these wishes will come true in the New Year. As you celebrate the New Year - such a year will be. For this reason, quarrels and troubles should be avoided on New Year's Eve. It is customary to wear new clothes, associated with the personification of the renewal of the year. there must certainly be money - then the whole year the family will not need them. New Year's Eve has traditionally been considered the most suitable time for divination. Interesting customs in other countries

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Quiz "Do you believe that..."

Yes, since 1700, Peter 1 issued a decree to celebrate in the winter months

2. In Japan, at midnight, the bell begins to ring, which beats 108 beats?

Yes, each ringing "kills" one of the human vices.

There are only 6 of them (greed, anger, stupidity, frivolity, indecision, envy),

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3. Do you believe that the first New Year

postcard appeared in London?

Yes, it was mailed in 1843 by Henry Cole.

4. Do you believe that in Mongolia on the New Year it is customary to water each other with compote from

apples?
No.

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5. Do you believe that in Cuba there is such a tradition before the New Year to fill the entire

dishes with water, and with the onset of the holiday -

throw it out the windows?

Yes. Before the New Year, people fill their glasses with water, and when the clock strikes twelve, they throw it out into the street through an open window as a sign that old year ended happily and washed away the sins.

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Do you believe that in China, with the strike of the clock, everyone runs to swim in the sea?

NO! In China, thousands of lanterns are lit during processions to light the way for the New Year. The Chinese believe that the new year is surrounded by evil spirits. Therefore, they scare them away with firecrackers and firecrackers. Sometimes the Chinese seal windows and doors with paper to keep out evil spirits.

Shan Dan Laozhen (China)

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Verse

When the holiday comes

Sweet and wonderful new year!

May it be bright and beautiful

Happiness and good luck will bring!

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New Year's presentation New Year, Christmas, Old New Year.

Who doesn't love holidays? Especially New Year's! We remember the enchanting moment when the lights go out and Christmas tree lights come on - and the familiar world is transformed into fairy tale, where miracles are about to happen and we find ourselves in a fairy-tale land of gnomes, wizards, dragons and castles in the air.

But we grow up and ask ourselves the question: why is it possible to celebrate the New Year in Russia ... three times? Name these three New Years: New Year - January 1; Christmas - January 7; Old New Year - January 14th.

The origin of holidaysWhat do you know about the origin of these holidays? When and why did they arise? How are they celebrated in Russia?

New Year In the old days in Russia, the pagan New Year was celebrated on March 1, and only in the 15th century they gradually switched to celebrating the New Year in accordance with church tradition.

Decree of Peter the GreatBy decree of Peter the Great since 1700, January 1 became the New Year (thus establishing the European custom of celebrating the New Year).

Decree of Peter the Great: “And as a sign of a good undertaking and a new centenary century, in the joy of each other, congratulate each other on the New Year. Along the noble and passable streets at the gates and houses, learn some decoration from trees and branches of pine, spruce and juniper, repair shooting from small cannons and guns, launch rockets, as many as anyone happens to, and light fires. »

Decree of the king The decree of the king ordered to celebrate this event especially solemnly. On New Year's Eve, Peter himself lit the first rocket on Red Square. Fires were lit along the large streets - bonfires and tarred bulls attached to poles. Walking with bell ringing, cannon fire, the sounds of trumpets and timpani continued all night. The houses of the inhabitants of the capital were decorated with needles of trees and branches of spruce and pine. Since that time, the custom has been established annually on January 1 to celebrate the New Year and put a Christmas tree in the house.

Nativity of Christ“The holy night reigns over the world, the daily noise of worries has subsided” Over Russia, an exciting and joyful good news is carried. In all churches they sing: “Thy Nativity, Christ God, rise up, reconcile the light of reason ...” January 7 Russian Orthodox Church celebrates Christmas.

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Why do Christians revere the Christmas holiday so much? On that night, a new star lit up in the sky, announcing to the world the coming of the Savior of the human race - Jesus Christ. In Russia, on the eve of Christmas, Christmas trees were decorated in houses - a symbol of eternal renewing life. A star made of paper or wood was hung upstairs. She depicted the gospel star, which showed the Magi the way to the born Jesus.

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B. Pasternak They stood in the shade, as if in the twilight of a barn, Whispered, barely choosing words. Suddenly someone in the darkness, a little to the left From the manger with his hand pushed the sorcerer, And he looked back: from the threshold at the maiden, Like a guest, the star of Christmas looked.

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Celebration of Christmas in Russia In Russia, the people celebrated Christmas solemnly. On the first day after the service, young people, adults and even the elderly went to "praise Christ." The star goes with us, sings a prayer.

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Christian tradition Christmas was preceded by a long (40-day) fast, during which food was limited. On the day before Christmas, they did not eat anything until the appearance of the first star. In the old days, after its sunrise, the family gathered for prayer in front of the icons. Then the elder in the house brought in a handful of straw. She was spread out on the table, covered with a tablecloth. In the evening they ate only vegetables and “kutya” (porridge). The more desirable were the delicacies that the hostesses cooked for the beginning of the festival.

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Christmas delicacies In the north - Russian provinces they made special cookies "kozulka" in the form of animal figures. They were made for children or displayed in windows. In the Nizhny Novgorod province, pastries from figurines were called "carols", in Ryazan - "oats". In Siberia, they sculpted "cheese" - frozen koloboks from cottage cheese. Such delicacies were placed in bags of congratulators. They gave gifts not only to the worshipers, they shared sweets with the poor, the sick.

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Christmas celebrationsParishioners invited friends and relatives to Christmas celebrations. Both old and young glorified the birth of Christ in the streets and crossroads. The children went from house to house with a painted paper Christmas star and a nativity scene, a box in the shape of the cave where Jesus was born. This custom appeared in the 16th - 17th centuries. in Little Russia. Children sang about the birth of the savior of the world, adding their own songs - carols. Adults gave the little Christoslavs money and pies.

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Christmas festivities On the streets, crowds of mummers danced and sang songs of "playful content." They were generously presented with sweets, and in gratitude they wished everyone health and well-being. Children swing on swings and ride boards - a common holiday fun. The people were especially amused by buffoons - songwriters, musicians, dancers and puppeteers.

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After New Year's Eve Usually, on the first day after Christmas night, as soon as the parents woke up, young people came to them with requests, the kids were waiting for New Year's gifts.

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Christmas Days "Christmas time, that is, holy days - 12 days from Christmas to Epiphany. They are also called holy evenings, perhaps in remembrance of the events of the Nativity and the Baptism of the Savior, which happened at night. The church began to sanctify 12 days after the feast of the Nativity of Christ from ancient times ... Meanwhile, the holiness of these days and evenings in many places was violated by fortune-telling and other superstitious customs that survived from the pagan festivities of the same time of the year, ”the encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron explains so popularly.

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Christmas time began to be celebrated as early as 3 thousand years BC. ancient Sumerians, Chaldeans and Assyrians. The first 12 days at the beginning of the year were accompanied by noisy carnivals and mysteries. And the nights on the 8th and 11th days were devoted to fortune-telling. The Slavs called such mysteries - carols. The rites of these days are playful, but once they had a magical character, aimed at making bread grow and cattle multiply, so that there would be prosperity in the house, and happiness in the family. Divination was the privilege of women.

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A presentation on the topic "New Year's History of the Holiday" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Subject of the project: MHK. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 22 slide(s).

Presentation slides

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history of the holiday

New Year

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Where did the custom of celebrating the New Year come from?

The history of this wonderful holiday has at least 25 centuries. This custom was first born in Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia). Here, as well as in the lower valley of the Nile, at the end of the 4th millennium BC, civilization was first born. It was here, according to scientists, for the first time (in the third millennium) they began to celebrate the New Year.

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During excavations of the ancient Egyptian pyramids, archaeologists found a vessel on which it was written: "The beginning of a new year." In ancient Egypt, the New Year was celebrated during the flood of the Nile River (around the end of September). The flood of the Nile was very important, because. it was only thanks to him that grain grew in the dry desert. On New Year's Eve, the statues of the god Amon, his wife, the sky goddess Mut, and their son, the moon god Khonsu, were placed in a boat. The boat sailed on the Nile for a month, which was accompanied by singing, dancing and fun. Then the statues were brought back to the temple.

Amon Khonsu Mut Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Rome

For a long time, the Romans celebrated the New Year in early March, until Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar (currently called the Julian). Thus, the date of the meeting of the New Year was the first day of January. The month of January was named after the Roman god Janus (two-faced). One face of Janus was allegedly turned back to the previous year, the other forward to the new one. The celebration of the meeting of the new year was called "kalends". During the holiday, people decorated houses and gave each other gifts and coins with the image of two-faced Janus; slaves and their owners ate and rejoiced together. The Romans made gifts to the emperor. At first, this happened voluntarily, but over time, the emperors began to demand gifts for the New Year.

Two-faced Janus

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The Celts, the inhabitants of Gaul (the territory of modern France and part of England) celebrated the new year at the end of October. The holiday was called Samhain from "summer" s end "(end of summer). On New Year's Eve, the Celts decorated their homes with mistletoe to exorcise ghosts. They believed that it was on New Year's Eve that the spirits of the dead were alive.

Celtic New Year

The Celts inherited many Roman traditions, including the demand for New Year's gifts from their subjects. Usually they gave jewelry and gold. Several centuries later, thanks to this tradition, Queen Elizabeth I amassed a huge collection of embroidered and jeweled gloves.

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New Year in Russia

In Russia, the New Year was celebrated on March 1. In the XIV century, the Moscow Church Council decided to consider September 1 as the beginning of the New Year according to the Greek calendar. The last time the New Year on September 1 was celebrated in Russia with royal splendor was in 1698. Dressing everyone with an apple, the king calling everyone a brother, congratulated everyone on the New Year, on new happiness. In 1699, Peter I, returning from a trip to Europe, by a special decree, ordered "from now on to count the summer" from January 1: January.

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HISTORY OF THE CHRISTMAS TREE

The Christmas tree - an essential attribute of the winter holidays - also arrived in Russia along with the reforms of Peter the Great. However, the “foreigner” who arrived, though not immediately, took root in Russian land firmly - as if she had always grown here: from the branches with which houses were decorated, a luxurious tree in a festive dress grew.

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By the middle of the 19th century, the winter beauty had become familiar to the townspeople, although such an “ancient folk custom” was not yet known in the villages. But this tree was not yet a New Year's tree - it was called a Christmas tree and was decorated with toys, delicacies intended as a gift to guests, and candles, and an eight-pointed Christmas star - silver or gold - crowned its crown. In Russian Orthodoxy, a tradition arose to decorate temples with coniferous branches during Christmas time (from the Nativity of Christ to Epiphany), the tree itself became a prototype of the tree of paradise with the fruits of knowledge and the Tree of the Cross, and evergreen needles - a symbol of immortality. However, not everyone remembered the symbolic side, and adults at Christmastime entertainment sometimes behaved worse than children ...

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The prototype of the modern Santa Claus was a very real person. In the 4th century, Archbishop Nicholas lived in the Turkish city of Mira. He was a very kind person, and after his death Nicholas was declared a saint for his good deeds. But in the 11th century, the church where he was buried was robbed by pirates. They stole the remains of the saint and took them to their homeland. The parishioners of the Church of St. Nicholas were outraged. The story made so much noise that Nicholas became the object of reverence and worship of Christians from around the world.

In the Middle Ages, a custom was established: On Nicholas Day, December 19, to give gifts to children, just as the Saint did. After the introduction of the new calendar, the Saint began to come to the children at Christmas, and only then on the New Year. In England and America, this kind Saint is called Santa Claus (Saint Nicholas).

Father Frost

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The ancestor of our native Santa Claus is the East Slavic spirit of cold Treskun, Moroz, Studenets. More often, Frost preferred to have fun, crunching a snowball, tapping on the walls of houses, making travelers shiver from the cold (he especially liked to freeze those who were sitting in a sleigh wrapped in a fur coat, and those who ran on foot or waved an ax were not given to Frost so easily) . Frost appears in the same way in the literature of the 19th century. - Frost the Red Nose by Nekrasov and the old man Frost in Ostrovsky's The Snow Maiden.

When the New Year began to be celebrated in Russia, an old grandfather with a beard and felt boots began to appear in the houses. But then Santa Claus was not cheerful and good-natured. He had a bag in one hand and a stick in the other. Of course, he gave gifts, but only to smart and obedient children, the rest were well received with a stick. But the years went by, and Santa Claus grew kinder and aged, stopped giving out cuffs, but simply intimidated naughty children with scary tales.

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But at the end of the 19th century, he was dressed in a red fur coat trimmed with fur. What is he now? A little rough looking. He wears a long fur coat and a high hat, with a beard, in his hands he has a staff and a bag with gifts. Yes, and "grandfather" is called not just like that, but because he has a granddaughter.

Only our Grandfather Frost has a granddaughter Snegurochka and she was born in Russia. The Snow Maiden is a literary character. She appeared in 1873 and at first was called not the granddaughter of Santa Claus, but the daughter. This happened thanks to Alexander Ostrovsky's play "The Snow Maiden", which he created on the basis of a folk tale about a girl fashioned from snow and melted by warm sunlight. Later, writers and poets turned her into a granddaughter. The image of the Snow Maiden is a symbol of frozen waters. This is a girl (not a girl) dressed only in white clothes. No other color in the traditional symbolism is allowed. Her headdress is an eight-pointed crown, embroidered with silver and pearls.