Autumn rituals and customs. Folk calendar. Autumn Autumn traditions of the Russian people

On September 14, or September 1, according to the old style, the beginning of autumn is celebrated - Oseniny - a harvest festival when people thank the earth for its gifts. In 325, the First Ecumenical Council established this day as the beginning of the year. According to legend Orthodox Church, it was in September that the world was created.

On Osenina, as it were, nature itself dresses up in bright and festive attire. This holiday was celebrated in Russia with all possible amusements. Young and old gathered for gatherings with the eldest in the family to meet the new summer, and then went to church for matins. On the eve, the fire was extinguished in the houses, and in the morning, by rubbing two planks, a “new” one was mined, and with this fire they began sit-downs, or gatherings.

In the morning, after the church service, the women went to the shores of lakes and ponds to meet Mother Osenina with kissel and oatmeal. The older woman held bread in her hands, and the young people around her sang songs. Then the bread was broken according to the number of those present and fed to the cattle.

In Russia, from that day they began to celebrate autumn weddings. The wedding weeks, which all unmarried women and single men looked forward to with great impatience, continued until).

To that holiday an ancient amusing rite of burial of cockroaches and flies, which pretty much bothered people over the summer, was timed. The annoying insects were buried by the girls who dressed up in best clothes, made coffins from shells of nuts or vegetables and lamented insects out of the hut to bury. It was believed that if you kill a fly before September 14, then seven more flies will be born, and if after that, then seven more flies will die. Participation in the funeral of flies and cockroaches made it possible for the girls to appear in all their glory in front of the gathered guys and, thus, find a future spouse.

Even on this day, they moved to new huts and celebrated housewarming. They believed that this would bring prosperity to the newly-made owners. Be sure to observe the rite of transfer to a new place of residence of the brownie. From the stove of the old house they took out a pot of coals, in which, according to legend, there was a house spirit, and transferred to new house. Only after that was it allowed to sit down at the festive table and celebrate a housewarming party, without fear that the brownie would get angry and take revenge on the forgetful hosts.

According to tradition, on the first day of autumn, relatives and acquaintances went to the newlyweds in order to “look at their life and life and teach them to reason”. The young hostess fed the guests with a hearty dinner, and showed them all her household in the house. As usual, those who came praised her and gave her good advice. The host took the guests to the yard, showed them the grain in the barns, and winter and summer harness in the sheds, then everyone went to the garden, where they drank wine from a barrel.

At the end of the harvest in the villages, they often arranged a rural brotherhood. The more fruitful the summer was, the more hospitable and longer the holiday was celebrated. On Osenina, boys of 4-5 years old were put on horses for the first time, and they also carried out the rite of “monsowing” into boys who had reached the age of seven, marking their new role in the community.

September 14 begins Indian summer, which in some places lasts up to three weeks. They noticed that if the day is clear, then the whole Indian summer will be warm, and winter too. Pay attention to the weather of Indian summer:

If during this period of time it often rains, then the autumn will be dry.
A lot of cobwebs on Indian summer - to a clear autumn and frosty winter.

Before this date, you need to remove the spiked crops (otherwise the entire crop will be lost - the grain will fall to the ground) and sow winter rye.

According to an old tradition, on September 14, one should be merciful and do charitable deeds. Our ancestors on this day distributed alms to the poor, treated widows and orphans, visited prisoners in dungeons and gave them gifts.

There are a great many signs dedicated to this day. They judged the near and distant future, the fertility of livestock, the quantity and quality of the crop:

The wind blows from the southern edge - to a warm and damp winter.
If the wind is from under the sun, then in winter the north wind will often blow.
Rainy day - to a rainy autumn.
A lot of cobwebs promise a long and clear autumn.
If wild geese flew away, then winter will be early.

Video: Osenins in Russia

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In the old days in Russia, our ancestors celebrated the Osenins three times. The first time is September 14th. September 14 - the beginning of the Indian summer, which lasts in some areas up to three weeks. From that day on, in Russia, they began to celebrate autumn weddings (until November 15), moved to new homes. On the festive day of the first Osenins, an ancient amusing rite of burial of flies and cockroaches, annoying inhabitants of the Russian summer, was timed. For this rite, the people composed various conspiracies, proverbs and sayings, as well as teasing verses. For example, like this:

cockroach chopping wood
The mosquito carried a water bottle,
Got my feet stuck in the mud.
The louse was steaming
Yes hit
Inadvertently -
Right side:
The rib dislocated.
The bedbugs were raised
Belly torn.
The cockroaches are gone
You flew summer
And we winter winter.

The second time they celebrated autumn September 21 , on the day of the autumnal equinox, when day equals night. Early in the morning on September 21, women went to the banks of rivers, lakes, ponds to meet Mother Osenina with oatmeal bread. One of the women stood with bread, while others walked around with a song. Then the bread was divided according to the number of people and fed to the cattle. By this time, the entire harvest was already harvested, and the peasants arranged a holiday, sometimes for a whole week, went to visit each other, put all the most delicious on the table. Among the people these autumn months had a different name.

SEPTEMBER - frowning, howler, zarevnik.

OCTOBER - winter snow, leaf fall, dirt.

NOVEMBER - semi-winter, chest.

Folk signs, proverbs, sayings?

Thunder in September portends(dry autumn);
If birch trees turn yellow from the top in autumn, next spring will be(early, and if below - late);
Birds fly low in autumn(to cold, high - to warm winter);
autumn frost (to dry and sunny weather, to heat);
The bigger the ant heaps(the more severe the winter will be);
The leaf, although yellowed, falls off weakly(frosts will not come soon);

In September, when the crop was harvested, another work began for the Russian peasants - harvesting vegetables and fruits for the winter, i.e. their salting and pickling.

September 27 - the third OSENINS. One of the most important works began - chopping and salting cabbage. These days the yards were littered with heaps of heads of cabbage. Chopped cabbage in troughs. Separately, the one that is greener (with bitterness), separately white (which is sweeter) - to the taste. Before the start of the felling, it was supposed to cross itself “WITH GOD!” Sprinkling cabbage with salt, they read a prayer for salt. During the cutting of cabbage in the hut there was a peculiar sound. They said: “It chews, as if they are chopping in the snow.” How did the first vegetable garden appear? You ask, and I will answer you. It was a long time ago. Our ancestors lived in huts and dugouts, and garbage was thrown out next to the dwelling, ripe vegetable seeds got here along with scraps. They sprouted, and our ancestors were convinced that harvesting at the doorstep of the house is very convenient and profitable, so 2 thousand years ago our grandfathers planted the first turnips. And so that no one trampled the seedlings, they began to enclose the crops, hence our Russian word"garden". Now, with the word garden, we imagine beds with vegetables. But in the old days it was difficult to distinguish a garden from a kitchen garden. The owner of the garden tried to plant everything he needed for food, treatment, and beauty near his house. Therefore, in the Russian garden-garden, next to carrots and turnips, currants grew, mint and poppy blossomed. Autumn is a very generous time. She gives us vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, and berries, but the most valuable, most expensive gift is ... bread.

After all, it is often said that

Bread is the head of everything.

Bread on the table - and the table - the throne,

Not a piece of bread - and a table - a board.

Lunch is bad if there is no bread.

It is not easy to grow bread, but how much joy when the harvest is harvested.
Now you know how Autumn was celebrated in Russia before.

The life of a peasant in Russia since ancient times has been subject to the repeated change of time. This is the winter and summer solstices, the autumn and spring equinoxes, the natural change of seasons. This calendar ritual was opened with large calendar holidays: winter - Christmas time, spring and summer - Maslenitsa, Semitsko - Trinity week, Ivano - Kupala holiday, autumn - a holiday in the name of the Savior and the Virgin, etc.
Some calendar rituals, due to the significance of the celebrated holiday, the nature of the situation and the changing socio-economic conditions, have retained their pagan roots, while others have undergone significant changes.

Autumn in Russia was accompanied by a large number of different ritual actions, ranging from harvesting, preserving the productivity of the land, thanking higher powers for the harvest, to striving to restore the strength of the peasant.

Slavic farmers considered September to be the beginning of the year - the month when they harvested. In the pagan calendar, September was called spring or ryuen, and among the people it was called "frown" and "leaf fall". Several important folk holidays were celebrated during the month.

The first week of September from 1 to 7 was dedicated to the goddess Makosh, on September 8 and 9 they honored the most important pagan gods, Rod and Rozhanitsy. These days people celebrated ospozhinka and autumn holidays. The peasants performed a ceremony of glorifying the Family and Rozhanitsy, made sacrifices to their ancestors and glorified family well-being.

Osenins- harvest festival. The whole family gathered together at the table, a feast was arranged. On the table there must have been oatmeal, eggs, cottage cheese, honey, wine from berries, venison or beef. A bowl of wine was passed around, praising the gods. Then they played games and round dances, sang songs about hops (from these days, the collection of hops began). In each family, oatmeal bread was consecrated, which was subsequently used to treat sick people and animals.

The Osenina holiday in Russia was celebrated several times: in addition to 9 - another 14, 21 and 27 September. Autumn on September 14 in the pagan calendar was called the Autumn Serpentine - it's time for snake weddings. This day was dedicated to the god Veles. On this day it was impossible to go to the forest, because it was believed that all the forest spirits run through the forest, checking how it is ready for winter. At night, the goblin went to bed until spring, the spirits calmed down, and people could start harvesting mushrooms. And in the villages, cabbage evenings (cabbages) were held, when women gathered in turn at each other's, salted cabbage together, joked, sang appropriate songs.

The holiday itself was filled with rituals. For example, it was necessary to strike a fire with the help of two dry planks. This fire burned the earth. It was also supposed to give thanks to the earth for the harvest. And from the flour of the new crop they baked a festive cake. Grooms on this day went out into the street to look after their brides.

Children also had their obligatory rituals. One of them was a solemn rite of burial of summer pests - flies and cockroaches - in specially constructed miniature coffins made of wood chips and turnips. And the boys were supposed to be put on a horse that day.

There were also signs - if the weather on this holiday is clear, then both "Indian summer" and the coming winter will be warm. Well, if the weather was bad, it was believed that autumn would be rainy.

__________________________

Autumn is the golden season. During this period, children go to school, and adults go to work. With the onset of cold weather, Russians are waiting for the weekend to come, and they can spend this time with family or friends. That is why many people are interested in the question of what holidays in the fall in Russia will be this year. After all, many people want to prepare for them in advance.

Where can you find important dates?

If you purchase a calendar, you can be sure that a person will not miss any important event for him. It can be bought both in the nearest stall, and downloaded for free on the Internet. The second option is the most preferred by most people.

In fact, there are many important days in autumn, it is almost impossible to remember all of them. But the main ones should be familiar to each person.

Autumn holidays in Russia are long-awaited for many residents of the country. They are divided into official, church and professional. Only during official holiday people are given a day off. AT large quantity days people continue to go to work.

September holidays

September will be full interesting events so people shouldn't have time to get bored.

The first month of autumn begins with the Day of Knowledge. It is on this day that all children and teenagers go to educational institution. The beginning of the school year for many Russians becomes the first step in preparing for adulthood.

On the first weekend of the month, residents of Russia celebrate This date is changing. It can be either 2 or 3 numbers.

The 9th is celebrated International At this time, everything beautiful people countries can take part in beauty pageants.

September 10 is the holiday of tankers. This date will be memorable for all veterans who defended the country in Soviet times.

But on the 13th there will be a professional holiday - Programmer's Day. This profession is in demand, so many people will be able to celebrate such an event.

In a few days, on September 16, an important environmental event will take place. On this day, we should remember that the ozone layer protects our Earth from radiation. Each person must contribute to the protection of the environment and ecology in order to live in a clean and safe country.

September 21 is an important church holiday - the Day of the Nativity of the Virgin. All Christians can attend church during this time.

But on the 30th, residents of Russia can celebrate a modern holiday - Internet Day. It is difficult to imagine the life of any person without the World Wide Web.

Important events in October

October will be no less eventful than the previous month. At this time it will be possible to celebrate the Day of Music and Russia.

On the 1st, two important holidays can be celebrated at once: the Day of the Elderly, as well as the Day of the Ground Forces in the Russian Federation.

On the 6th, each student should not forget to congratulate their beloved teachers on their holiday. On this day, it is customary to buy flowers or other gifts and give them to people who have devoted their whole lives to teaching children.

The 13th is an important Day for agricultural workers. It is thanks to these people that each person can fully eat.

On the 14th, another church holiday takes place. This is the Intercession Holy Mother of God.

November holidays

The latter will be remembered by students and police officers.

November starts with All Saints Day. In Russia, this holiday is not very popular, but young people often celebrate it, because they want to borrow the traditions of the West.

The 4th is celebrated by the Mother of God. Also at this time, the Russians celebrate another important holiday for them - Day national unity. This day is not working, so all Russians can stay at home.

But the 7th is no longer a day off. The situation has changed recently. Now on the Day of Consent and Application, people go to work. There are different opinions around this event. Some people support this day, others do not see the point in it.

Double holidays are not uncommon. On November 10, young people and police officers celebrate their day.

On the 21st and 22nd there will be two professional holidays. The first of them is the Day of the accountant, and the second is the day of the psychologist in Russia.

Autumn holidays in Russia can be fun and memorable if spent together with dear people.

Folk holidays of autumn in Russia

Many Russians remember their traditions. Often, autumn holidays in Russia are accompanied by fun festivities, dances and interesting rituals.

September 14 is the holiday of the Eastern Slavs. It is named after Semyon Pioneer. On this day, people welcome the arrival of autumn. On this day, various rituals can be performed. For example, housewarming or lighting a fire. Exist a large number of signs associated with this day.

27th - Exaltation. This is a very important holiday for Orthodox people. Christians fast on this day. They can also visit the church.

The holidays of the peoples of Russia in the fall allow you to take a break from the external fuss. You need to follow them so as not to forget to congratulate loved ones.

findings

Autumn holidays in Russia are varied. They are loved by both adults and children. If the date is official, then this day can be spent at home and relax. This is a wonderful opportunity to spend your time with your loved ones and enjoy their company. Every person should find time both for work and for rest.

Holidays in autumn and winter in Russia are the brightest, most colorful and varied. A large number of people are waiting for them. To keep abreast of all events, it is worth looking into the calendar, then you can be sure that you will not miss anything.

The meeting of autumn was always accompanied by special rites, which were supposed to ensure well-being and a good harvest for the next year. The observance of primordial rituals at the present time can contribute to the prosperity of your home.

Osenins, also called "Ospozhniki", is a traditional folk festival of the harvest and the meeting of autumn, which our ancestors celebrated on September 21 (September 8 - according to the old style), on the day of the autumn equinox. Night and day at this time were equated to each other, nature turned to winter - it was time to thank the earth and divine forces for natural gifts. By date, Osenins coincide with the great Orthodox holiday Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, who was very revered in Russia. The Mother of God is considered the intercessor of people before the throne of the Lord, the patroness of all mothers and babies. Therefore, many traditions of celebrating Osenin are associated with honoring the Mother of God.

Holiday traditions and signs

The twenty-first of September ends the period of Indian summer, which lasts from Semyonov day. Autumn finally comes into its own, therefore they say about this day: "Amen to every summer."

The meeting of autumn traditionally begins with the ritual of renewing the fire. On the night of Oseniny, light sources were extinguished in all houses. The fire had to be extinguished even in the lamps - it could burn only in the church sanctuaries. After that, a new fire was lit, and the sparks from which it was to be born were carved from flint or mined by rubbing two pieces of wood.

It was believed that the flame, lit on the night of Osenina, contributes to the renewal of everything around, gives people and animals new strength. Therefore, they went around the house with a lit fire, from which they lit logs in the oven. The smoke from the new fire was used to fumigate livestock to prevent diseases and other threats.

If living flames were usually mined by men, then only women took part in the ritual of meeting Osenin by the water. At dawn, they went to the banks of rivers and lakes with oatmeal and jelly. The eldest of the women was supposed to hold bread in her hands. She stood in the center of the round dance, the rest of the girls surrounded her and sang songs. The eldest had to turn with a small prayer to the Most Holy Theotokos, ask her to save the family from misfortune, to instill prosperity and harmony in their home. The oat loaf was broken into such a number of parts that was equal to the number of those present at the ritual. Upon returning home, this bread was fed to cattle - this was supposed to attract material wealth to the house.

On the Osenins, a big meal was necessarily arranged, in which all the inhabitants of the village took part. Required attributes holiday table there was kutya from cereals and honey, bread, dishes from milk. At the table, they always thanked their native land for the fact that it presented them with its gifts.

It was a common tradition to visit the newlyweds on this day. The young bride had to arrange a rich dinner for relatives and friends, and then show them how the young family arranged their life in the house. The owner showed the yard, opened the doors to the barn and sheds. The guests, according to custom, had to carefully examine everything that the young people showed them, praise them, but also not forget to give them helpful advice- "to teach the mind-reason."

Young mothers and childless women turned their prayers to the Mother of God on Osenin Day. Mothers asked the Heavenly Queen to protect their child, to protect him from human evil, life's hardships and illnesses. Childless women prayed to the Mother of God to send them a child. There is a custom according to which a woman who wants to give birth to a child sets the table on this day and calls all the beggars to dinner with requests to pray for her children.

Osenins - the time of summing up the results of one period and the beginning of another. On this day, people thanked the higher powers for their favor and asked for the same favor in the future, guessed at future events. Remember the traditions of our ancestors, take the best from the past and do not forget to press the buttons and

21.09.2015 00:30

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