How is height and height measured? Research work "Determining the height of a tree in various physical ways" How height is measured

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How to take measurements from a woman

Our body has the ability to change. Sometimes we ourselves make quite a few efforts to change the parameters that do not suit us, and sometimes nature takes over, and we obey its whims. To date, the choice of clothing is enormously diverse, and we strive to fill our wardrobe with fashionable novelties.

Shopping has long been replaced by online shopping. We are looking forward to delivery with a product selected from the catalog. But sometimes our expectations are not justified, the dress does not fit as we would like, the jeans are completely small. Men have the biggest problem with cuffs and collars - they are either too tight, or vice versa, they are too wide.

All these unpleasant situations are due to the fact that each manufacturer has its own dimensions, which may not coincide with the generally accepted system. But the main plus is that most sites provide detailed information about the product, i.e. measurements we need. That is why, in the age of high technology, we must use such a primitive device as a measuring tape. Let's learn how to take body measurements correctly!

How to measure the circumference of the neck

Measurements are taken at the base of the neck. Wrap a measuring tape around the perimeter of the neck. The location of the centimeter should be 2 cm above the area where the shoulders and neck connect. This may be the lower zone of the protrusion of the larynx.

The tape must be pressed firmly. A tight fit around the neck and the exclusion of free space is the main rule. It is also impossible to overtighten, otherwise the measurements will be unreliable, and the future piece of clothing will be small in the collar zone.

Write down your measurements. It is necessary to add 1 cm to the result - this will be the measurement of the neck girth necessary for buying clothes.

How to measure chest

In order for measurements by breast volume to be reliable, they must be taken without clothes, preferably on an empty stomach and in the morning. Adhering to the line of the nipples, a measuring tape is drawn along the back of the shoulder blades. It stays loose with no pressure. The hands of the woman on whom measurements are taken should be lowered. If the measurements of the bust are carried out independently, this process is done with one hand.

It is possible to find out the parameters of the chest using the table. It is based on the ratio of indicators of chest girth and clothing size.

How to measure the waist in women

How to measure body parameters in women? This question is often of interest when ordering online resources. After all, if you want to buy a tight-fitting thing, measurements must be accurate. Waist is measured at the narrowest part. It all depends on the type of figure. For those with a high waist, this area is closer to the chest, for those with a low waist, closer to the hips. But most often it is the navel line. For example, during pregnancy or overweight women, the correct indicator is an area 2 cm above the umbilical zone. It is necessary to observe the correct position of the body: stand straight, hands at the seams. You can not take measurements while sitting. It is advisable to remove this area to expose it, for the reliability of the indicators.

How to measure hips for women

The answer to the question of how to measure the hip circumference is quite simple. The hips are the widest part of the body, after the shoulders. To take measurements, it is better to sit in front of a large mirror and take off your underwear (jeans, skirt). Legs should be together. Visually, it is necessary to determine the widest part of the hips. Place a measuring tape horizontally over this area and run it across the back of your buttocks.

Determine the girth at the level of the length of the garment

By the method of horizontal placement of the tape, it is necessary to mark the level of the length of the blouse. The centimeter is traced along the axis of the body at a given level. A snug fit of the measuring tape is a must.

How to measure biceps

It is necessary to measure the biceps in the "cold" mode, i.e. at least 2-3 hours after playing sports or any physical activity. This is due to the fact that under the influence of loads, the biceps temporarily increase, but after a while its volume decreases and returns to normal.

Measurements must be taken in two positions:

1. The arm is bent at the elbow. In this position, the centimeter is applied to the highest point of the biceps and held in a circle.
2. Straighten your arm and relax your muscles. Take the same measurements.
3. It is worth paying special attention to the difference between the measurements made in a bent elbow joint and in a relaxed one. This indicator should not exceed 6 cm. If the excursion goes more, most likely the measurements were not taken accurately.

How to measure the circumference of the forearm at the level of the length of the sleeve 3/4

The tape should run 4-5 cm lower than the level of the bend of the elbow joint, while being parallel to the forearm.

How to measure the circumference of the wrist

The girth of the wrist is carried out on the main hand (for the right-hander - the right, for the left-hander - the left). The narrowest zone is ringed with a centimeter - the wrist joint. The tape is applied tightly, but without squeezing the hand.

We measure the length of the slope of the shoulder

The distance between the point of the cervical base and the point of contact of the slope of the shoulder with the shoulder is measured. For an illustrative example, you can use a shirt, the reference point will be the location of the seam where the sleeve is inserted.

How is sleeve length measured?

1. Initially, the arm must be slightly bent. Measurements are taken from the area of ​​​​contact between the slope of the shoulder and the shoulder to the zone where, according to your taste preferences, the long sleeve should end.
2. If it is planned to sew or purchase a product with a short sleeve, in this case it is necessary to make similar measurements to the desired short sleeve length.

chest height

Measured from the highest point of the proposed shoulder seam, which is located at the base of the neck or from the highest zone of the shoulder seam of the shoulder pads to the protruding section of the chest.

Center point of the chest

The centimeter tape must be placed horizontally and measure the gap between the two most protruding sections of the chest.

Chest Width

The centimeter is located horizontally, a level higher (2-3 cm) of the facial corners of the axillary region and the distance between them is measured. The tape fits snugly enough to the body, but without excessive compression.

How to measure back width

The measuring tape must be placed at the level of the rear corners of the armpits and measure the distance between them.

How to measure the length of the back to the waist

On the torso it is necessary to mark the horizontal line of the waist. We apply the tape on the back of the cervical base (seventh cervical vertebra) and measure the length of the waist across the vertebra.

How to take measurements from a man

neck girth

Measurements are taken at the base of the neck. With a centimeter tape, it is necessary to ring the neck in such a way that the bottom of the centimeter comes into contact with the point of the cervical base at the back, while in front the tape should close above the jugular arch.

Bust

The chest is wrapped with a ribbon so that the centimeter runs horizontally along the highest point of the chest. Behind, on the back, the braid lies on the shoulder blades.

Determine the shape of the shoulders in men

Determining the shape of the shoulders is an important task, because not every style of a shirt will emphasize the merits of one or another type of stature of a man. There are three main types of shoulder shape:

1. Sloping. Narrow sloping shoulders require visual expansion. To do this, use such techniques as: wide collars, shoulder pads, set-in sleeves, etc.
2. Standard. This form does not require introduction, any styles of shirts are suitable here.
3. Raised. Men with a long neck and an elongated torso may wear higher collars (Italian stand) with two buttons.

How to measure the waist for men

The process is as follows: a centimeter tape is placed horizontally in the center between the lower section of the last rib and the upper pelvic bone (iliac crest). By tightening the waist with a tape, it is necessary to create pressure, approximately 100 g.

Hip girth

Hip measurements are carried out in this way: a measuring tape is applied to the widest part of the thigh in contact with the most protruding point of the abdomen in front and at the buttocks behind.

Biceps girth

In a relaxed state, you can take measurements of the biceps. For the accuracy of the indicators, it is necessary to wait for the calm position of the muscles, that is, after a power load, several hours should pass. Wrap the measuring tape around the highest point of the biceps.

Back length

The measuring tape must be placed at the base of the neck and measure the required length.

We determine the size of the men's shirt according to the table

In this table, you can determine, based on the measurements taken, the correct size of a men's shirt. But it is worth remembering that not all manufacturers adhere to such a dimensional grid, therefore, before buying, it is necessary to clarify the parameters of the product in more detail.

All other types of measurements are no different from those described above for women. It is worth remembering that, based on correctly made measurements, you can create an exclusive thing that fits all the individual parameters of your body. Therefore, the new thing will sit like a glove. These parameters are especially relevant for online orders, where it is easy to make a mistake with the size.

Gives girls an indescribable feeling of their own superiority. Hundreds of eyes are riveted to the beauties in high heels. But orthopedists are adamant: too high a heel is bad for health! How to determine a safe heel height in order to maintain health and look stunning?

It would seem, what difficulties can arise? But not all girls know how to measure the heel height correctly. Especially when it comes to fashionable wedges or shoes with heels and platforms at the same time. As a rule, the height of the heel is measured using a lingering centimeter, because the ruler cannot take the shape of your heels.

So let's get started. Firstly, all measurements must be carried out on a flat horizontal surface. If you do this on weight, holding the shoes in your hands, you can make a mistake by one or two centimeters. Then attach a measuring tape to the heel of the shoe, and stretch it to the most protruding point on the heel rounding. The number that you see on the tape at this point will be the very parameter that you measure, that is, the height of the heel.

Didn't have a tape measure handy? No problem! Use regular thread. Carry out the same manipulations with it as described above, and then measure the resulting segment with a ruler.

But what if the heel is not located directly under the heel or is made at an angle? The simplest method is to apply the measuring tape to the surface on which the shoe stands, and the other end is pulled vertically to the heel fulcrum.

The height of the heel in shoes with heels and platform is measured as follows. First, the total height of the shoes is measured according to the above rule, then the height of the platform is measured, and the difference between these two parameters will be the height of the heel itself.

The height of a tree is defined as the vertical distance between the highest point of the crown and the ground. It is different from tree length, which is the length of the trunk from the ground to the top of the tree (Figure 1). Measurements should be made to the nearest 0.1 m if possible, although this level of accuracy cannot be achieved for large trees.
It is recommended to mark the location (eg distance from the tree and bearing) from which the measurement is taken so that all subsequent measurements are taken from the same position. The same measurement points can be marked in kind on the ground. Although it is believed that visibility conditions may change in 10-20 years (growth of undergrowth, development of crowns...), this procedure is one of the ways to limit measurement errors.

Fig.1: Height and length of the tree.

Tip: in some cases (for example, rubbing peripheral shoots, shoots of shoots), the highest "living" bud of the crown is considered the top. Although it is not so easy to see the top of a tree during winter measurements of deciduous species, it is
will allow you to distinguish the top from dry dead branches, which usually break off in spring.
Tip: For leaning trees, it is recommended to measure the height of the perpendicular from
the highest point of the crown to the ground in the direction of the slope of the tree.
Tip : In the case where the plantation is located on a slope (> 6°), it is recommended to measure
the height of the tree at the base of the tree (the same height above sea level) or higher.

2 way

The measurement is carried out by two people. One person stands next to the tree, and the other, with a good eye, moving a certain distance to look at the whole tree from the butt to the top, "lays" by eye how many people of this height "fit" along the entire length of the trunk. At the same time, it is more rational to postpone the distance each time, twice as much as the previous one, i.e. mentally put off first the height of the two "little men", then add two more to them, then four more, then eight more, etc. (i.e. according to the scheme 1 - 2 - 4 - 8 - 16). From the point of view of the human eye, this is simpler and more accurate. Knowing the height of the "little man" you can calculate the height of the tree.

3 way

Measuring the height of a tree with a shadow
On a sunny day, you can use the shadow it casts to determine the height of a tree. By measuring your shadow or the shadow of a pole, you can calculate the required height from the proportion AB:ab = BC:bc

since the height of the tree is as many times your own height (or the height of the pole) as the length of the tree's shadow is that of your shadow (or the shadow of the pole). This follows, of course, from the geometric similarity of triangles ABC and abc (at two angles).
The most accurate of the indirect methods - used in sunny weather. The shadow of a standing person whose height is known is accurately measured. Next, the shadow from the tree under study is measured. In a dense forest, when the shadow of a particular tree and, especially, its tops are difficult to find, we can recommend the following method. Move away from the tree in such a way that the person’s gaze (head), the top of the tree and the sun lie on the same line, and then find the shadow from your own head on the ground - this will be the shadow from the top of the tree. It remains only to measure the distance between this point and the base of the tree and determine the height of the tree according to the proportion: the length of the shadow of a person / his height - the length of the shadow of the tree / his height.

II.4. 3. Method for determining the age of a tree

It is very difficult to determine the exact age of centuries-old trees. Therefore, for such trees, it is customary to talk about the size of the circumference and diameter of their trunk. The dependence of the trunk circumference on age is also very relative and depends on the natural conditions in which the tree grows.
The age of a century-old tree is determined by a simple formula:
L = k c,
where L is the age of the tree,
k - coefficient,
c - the circumference of the tree table (girth) at a height of 1.3 meters from the ground. For pine, the coefficient is from 0.7 to 1.5 on dry rocky ground.

If your goal is to reduce body weight, burn fat or increase muscle mass, then one of the ways to control and evaluate the result is to measure the circles.

Even if you are just following a diet, then monitoring the circumference and body weight will help you understand how effective it is.

How to measure your body correctly:

What to measure?

To clearly present the features of the figure, you must have the following measurements.

• Breast volume
• Volume under the bust
• Waist
• Volume at the navel
• How to reduce the volume of the hips: we correct the legs with exercises and proper nutrition!
• Thigh volume (legs)
• Volume above the knee
• Calf muscle volume
• Hand volume
• Wrist volume
• Ankle volume

These parameters will help to fully evaluate the figure. If there is reluctance to measure everywhere, then the list can be reduced to the following parameters.

• Breast volume
• Waist
• Hips
• The volume of the thigh (leg).

How to measure?

• Breast volume. Measured at the most protruding point of the chest. Tape measure parallel to the floor! Measured while exhaling. (Breathe, measure).
• Volume under the bust. It is actually measured at the point where the mammary gland ends. The conditions are the same. Exhale, the tape is parallel to the floor.
• Waist. Measured at the narrowest point! Depends on the features of the figure, whether your waist will be closer to chest level or to hip level. And again we measure on the exhale. The stomach does not need to be strongly drawn in or protruded. The tape should fit snugly, parallel to the floor. But don't drag it out.
• Volume at the navel. The same as with the waist, but at the level of the navel.
• Hip volume. Everything is a little more complicated here. The volume of the hips is measured at the most protruding point of the buttocks! No riding breeches, bones, etc. Tape fits snugly, but do not overtighten. If the stomach is still included in the volume of the hips, then we measure with it.
• The volume of the thigh (leg). Place your foot on a raised platform (e .g . chair) so that the angle under the knee is approximately 90 degrees. Measurements should be made approximately 5-7 cm from the inguinal region. Do not strain your leg.
• Volume above the knee. Either by analogy with the hip, or standing. Measurements are taken directly above the kneecap. In the case of "standing", the tape is parallel to the floor.
• The volume of the calf muscle. Measured while standing. The leg is relaxed. On the widest part in the area from the knee to the ankle. The tape is parallel to the floor.
• Hand volume. The arm is free along the body. Measure about 10 cm from the armpit! It's better if someone helps you. The tape is parallel to the floor.
• Wrist size. Measured immediately after the brush. Very tight! If objectively there is a fatty layer, then the tape must be tightened even more. (Must drink).
• Ankle volume. Standing on a flat floor. It is measured directly above 2 protruding bones. Tape fits snugly and is parallel to the floor.

How to measure muscles

• Neck measurements: keep your head straight, measure the median transverse line of the neck
• Chest measurement: with as deep a breath as possible, taking the position “at ease” and with a deep exhalation through the pectoral muscles at the level of the nipples. Hands are freely lowered along the body.
• Shoulder measurements (biceps): Through the widest circle of the arm bent at the elbow with tense muscles (biceps-triceps), and then through the middle of the biceps of the freely lowered arm
• Waist measurement: at its narrowest point through the rectus abdominis
• Hip measurement : directly under the muscles of the buttocks.
• Calf measurement: in the widest part of the calf muscle.

When taking measurements, consider some features:

1. The circumferences of the right and left limbs are different and this is normal

2. In the notes, make notes, in a tense or relaxed state, a measurement was taken.

3. If you are working on burning fat and developing relief, take measurements once a week, if you are engaged in strength athletics and building muscle mass, measure your circumference once a month.

4. You should always measure the circumference in the thickest place (except for the waist, if any). Where exactly depends on personal anatomical features and is determined individually. The main thing is to remember in what place and in what position you take the measurement, so that next time you do exactly the same.

5. For greater accuracy, it is desirable that you be helped to take measurements. For example, the circumference of the chest itself is quite difficult to measure. From the side you can see where the thickest place for measurement is located and you do not need to be distracted to hold the tape. If there is no one to help, then take measurements in front of a mirror.

6. During training, the muscles are always filled with blood and "swell". Therefore, if you take measurements during or immediately after a workout, then the muscles will be larger. For keeping statistics, this is not entirely suitable, but you can measure it this way if you want to brag. Although such measurements make sense, because during bodybuilding competitions, athletes enter the stage after a preliminary “pumping” (pumping is pumping muscles with medium weights to “inflate” them). Thus, we see and evaluate their muscles in the most inflated state.

"Hot" muscle- immediately after a shoulder workout.

"Cold" muscle- 24 hours after exercise.

7. During the day, the measurements change somewhat: so in the morning, when you get out of bed, your hand is slightly larger than in the afternoon, after dinner. The temperature also affects the size, usually the hands are slightly larger on hot days and smaller on cold ones. Take measurements at the same time, preferably in the morning.

measurements is a mirror of your performance and the effectiveness of your training program and diet. Conduct them regularly so that you can quickly track all the changes in your physique and choose the most effective program and diet for yourself.

Although these methods will not allow you to calculate the desired height to the nearest centimeter, the error in the calculation will be small. At the very least, you can always find out if this tree will fit in your apartment or if the neighbors from above will have to decorate its top.

Method A

In addition to the measuring tape, you will need some small star of spectral class G (if you don’t have your own, you can use our Sun), the light of which will give both your clear shadow and the shadow of the tree. In addition, you must know your height. Let's say it is 1 m 30 cm. Okay, okay, don't be offended! Let it be 1 m 92 cm.

If you do not have an assistant at hand, stand so that the shadow of your crown falls on some pebble. Mark the place where your heels are. Now measure the distance from it to the pebble. Imagine that the length of the shadow turned out to be 1 m 30 cm.

Now measure the shadow of the tree (8 m 45 cm). Pay attention: the ground on which the shadow falls should not go downhill or, conversely, rise. Otherwise, an error will creep into the measurements. Also, your calculations will not be correct if you measure your shadow at nine in the morning and the shadow of a tree at nine-thirty. The sun rarely stays in the sky for a long time, usually it is constantly moving.

Now multiply the length of the tree's shadow by your height and divide the result by the length of your shadow. If you did not measure your shadow while standing barefoot, add two centimeters of heels to your height. Total: (845 x 194): 130 = 1261. That is, the height of the tree is 12 m 61 cm.

Method B

For this method, you will need a pencil and a true friend. (Better - two friends. Then they will take care of all the calculations, and you will simply manage them, snapping a whip.) Stand at such a distance from the tree that you can see it in its entirety - from the base to the top. Place a friend next to the trunk. Extend your hand in front of you with a pencil clenched in a fist. Squint one eye and bring the tip of the lead to the top of the tree. Now move your thumbnail so that it is under the base of the shaft. Rotate your fist 90 degrees so that the pencil is parallel to the ground. In this case, your nail should still remain at the base of the trunk.