What are the differences between the state pension and insurance: how to switch from one to another? Differences between the conditions for assigning a social and insurance pension The difference between an insurance pension and an old-age pension

In accordance with the current pension legislation There are several types of pensions, including insurance and social. How do they differ from each other? What categories of citizens are entitled to these types of pensions? What is the difference in the amounts of these payments? We will try to answer these questions in this article.

What is the difference between a social pension payment and an insurance payment?

Material state assistance to citizens who have lost or have not yet acquired the opportunity to work and provide for themselves is called a social (state) pension. Such persons include old-age pensioners, the disabled and children who have lost one or two parents. When assigning a social pension, the length of service and the size of the pension are not taken into account. wages pensioner. Even if a pensioner has not worked for a single day, for example, due to a state of health, he has the right to receive social assistance.

The insurance pension is assigned only to citizens who have insurance experience, that is, the period for which the employer made the appropriate payments to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Federal Law "On Insurance Pensions" dated December 28, 2013 No. 400-FZ indicates that they are counted in the insurance period, including non-insurance periods, for example, parental leave, if they were preceded and (or) followed by followed by periods of work and (or) other activities. Moreover, the duration of such a period can be equal to even one day.

Categories of citizens eligible for payments

The insurance pension can be received by the same categories of persons as the social pension: old-age pensioners, children who have lost their breadwinner (breadwinners), as well as the disabled. However, in this case, the appointment of a pension is possible only if the following conditions are met:

Payout difference

When establishing a fixed amount of social pension, the government focuses on the amount living wage. In turn, the subsistence minimum is established by the Budget Law every year and in 2017 is 8,178 rubles.

The amount of social pension in 2017 for various categories of persons receiving it is:

As for the size of the insurance pension, it is calculated based on the amount of contributions made to the Pension Fund. According to Olga Golodets, the average wage in Russia in 2017 is 13,600 rubles.

insurance pension- this is money that is paid due to age or disability to citizens or if they have lost their breadwinner.

• Disability 3 groups. The social pension is 4,279.11 rubles, the fixed payment to the insurance (hereinafter PV) is 2,402.56. The social one turns out to be more profitable if less than (4279.11-2402.56)/78.58=23.88 IPC has been accumulated. Here 78.58 is the value of one point in 2017.
• Disability 2 groups. Social pension - 5,034.25, FV - 4,805.11. Social will be higher if less than (5034.25-4805.11)/78.58=2.91 IPC has been accumulated.
• Disability 1 group. Social pension - 10,068.53, FV - 9610.22. Social program is more profitable if there are fewer points (1068.53-9610.22)/78.58=5.83 IPC.
• A child who has lost a parent. Social pension - 5,034.25, FV - 2402.56. It will be more profitable to receive a social pension if the deceased breadwinner has accumulated less than (5034.25-2402.56) / 78.58 = 33.49 IPC.
• Round orphan. Social program 10,068.53, FV - 4,805.12. It is more profitable to refuse insurance in favor of social insurance if the deceased breadwinner has accumulated less than (10068.53-4805.12) / 78.58 = 66.98 IPC.

Can a social pension be converted to a work pension?

If you receive a social pension and you have or have arisen, you can always apply to the Pension Fund for a transfer from one pension to another.

You will need to attach your passport to it., and documents confirming your right to this type of payment. Basically, this happens when the recipient of the social pension continues to work.

An application form will be issued to you at the FIU (or the MFC, if you decide to apply through it). It can also be downloaded from the official website. FIU website. You will need to enter your personal data in the appropriate fields and check the boxes next to the correct information.

In paragraph 3, a checkmark is needed opposite the phrase “make a transfer from __ (in this place enter the name of the pension that you received at the time of writing the application) established in accordance with (legislative act) to __ (here enter which one you want to receive from now on).

Where you need to specify a legislative act, write

About 16 years ago, Russian legislators carried out a reform pension system and introduced compulsory pension insurance.

The main regulator in this area was federal law No. 167-FZ, dated December 15, 2001.

According to him, the employer was charged with the obligation to transfer a certain amount of money to a special personal account established for each employee. This transfer is called the mandatory insurance premium.

What laws regulate the appointment of a labor pension?

The main concept of Law No. 167-FZ was a labor pension. Its formation depended on factors such as:

1. magnitude seniority. retired employee;
2. position and qualifications;
3. working conditions (the presence of harmful effects, the severity of work, etc.).

In connection with the changes that have taken place in labor legislation and the revision of the system for calculating pensions for citizens of the Russian Federation, in 2013 a transition period began to the updated conditions for establishing pension payments.

This period lasted 2 years and ended in 2015.

Now the formation of pension benefits is carried out in accordance with federal law No. 400-FZ of December 28, 2013 (as amended on December 19, 2016), in which the definition of labor pension is replaced by insurance.

It is a guarantee that the insured person (the employee on whose account the employer made mandatory contributions) upon the occurrence of an insured event (retirement) receives compensation - a pension benefit formed from the employer's contributions.

In this case, the amount of the transferred insurance premium is converted into points.

In addition to the accumulated points, the amount of funding in the future is affected by the length of service and the amount of the fixed part of the deductions regulated by the state.

Law No. 400-FZ provides for the establishment of not only an insurance pension, but also a funded one, which is also formed at the expense of employer contributions.

The funded pension is intended to be paid to a specific person, to whose account it was credited, while the funds of the insurance pension are also directed to pension payments existing retirees.

Relatively recently, the formation of the funded part of the benefit was frozen until 2019, possibly up to a complete abolition.

Types of insurance pensions and conditions for their appointment

What are the conditions for receiving an insurance pension?

A person who has reached advanced years can apply for an insurance pension ( retirement age), in case of loss of a breadwinner, in case of disability.

The retirement age is: 55 for women, 60 for men. Also, a person must have a certain work experience. Until 2002, this was the length of service, now it is called insurance and includes all periods when the employer deducted mandatory insurance premiums for the worker.

As of 2017, this value is 8 years and it increases by one every year.

The internship also includes:

• period of study in various educational institutions;
• service in the troops of any kind;
• period of maternity and childcare leave;
• stay in places of detention;
• terms of being registered with the employment service, receiving social benefits and participating in the public and political life of the state.

In case of loss of a breadwinner, disabled members of the family of dead (missing) military personnel, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service, the Federal Drug Control Service, the Ministry of Emergency Situations can apply for an insurance pension.

The allowance is paid for a certain period of time:

1. up to 18 years of age - the age of majority;
2. up to 23 years old - when studying in educational institution at the full-time department;
3. for life upon receipt of disability at the age of 18 years.

Payments to disabled people are made regardless of the cause of the disability (according to Law No. 400-FZ).

A prerequisite for this will be the acquired insurance experience of any duration from a person who has received a disability and claims to receive payments on this occasion.

To qualify for a disability pension, you must provide an extract from the certificate of examination. Its issuance, as well as the preparation of the act itself, is carried out in the bodies of medical and social expertise.

Individual pension coefficient

What is an IPK?

The amount of the insurance pension largely depends on the individual pension coefficient.

This coefficient is used to calculate payments, regardless of the years in which a person worked.

The IPC is established on the date of appointment of the payment of pension benefits. Its value is affected by the coefficient values ​​that were valid before the first day of 2015 and after this date.

Their amount is multiplied by the value of the multiplying coefficient in the case of calculating benefits for family members who have lost their breadwinner and people retiring due to old age.

The concept of an individual pension coefficient was introduced on January 1, 2015. As of 2017, its maximum value is 8.26.

The amount of payments to working pensioners

When you reach retirement age, you don't have to retire.

Previously, working pensioners enjoyed a fairly wide range of benefits compared to non-working ones. Some of these benefits have now been cancelled.

Currently, a working pensioner in our country can receive several types of payments:

• Insurance pension. It is paid if the employer made mandatory insurance contributions.
• State-provided pension. It includes social benefits and payments to military personnel and citizens who were in the public service.

The amount of the benefit paid to a working pensioner is calculated according to a special formula, which is the product of the individual pension coefficient and the legally established amount of points.

In addition, the amount of payments to a working pensioner is recalculated every year in accordance with the amount of mandatory insurance contributions transferred for the previous year.

There is no other way for a working pensioner to increase his pension.

Recently, the indexation (recalculation due to the instability of inflationary processes) of payments for pensioners who continue their labor activity has been suspended due to lack of funds in the state budget.

The amount of the payment is recalculated on a certain amount of accumulated points. For 2017, this indicator is 3 points. If this figure is exceeded, the amount of points above the specified one is not taken into account.

Upon termination labor activity working pensioner, the payment is recalculated taking into account all the non-working pensioners indexing.

The amount of the fixed (basic) payment

What is the amount of the fixed payment?

The fixed (basic) payment is now called the fixed payment to the insurance pension. Starting from February 1, 2017, its value is 4,805 rubles 11 kopecks.

The amount of the fixed payment changes every year, as it depends on the level of inflation.

1. work experience in the conditions of the North;
2. disability group;
3. type of pension benefit;
4. pensioner's age;
5. amount disabled citizens who are dependent on him.

The exact amounts of fixed payments can be found on the website of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.

Indexing in 2017

How did indexation affect the amount of pensions?

According to the Government of the Russian Federation, at the end of 2016, indexation of pension benefits paid in 2017 will be carried out in full, and the provisions of Law No. 166-FZ “On State Pension Provision” regarding the indexation procedure, which were suspended, will come into force .

On April 1 of the same year, indexation of social pensions should take place. They will be recalculated in accordance with the increase in the subsistence minimum for the previous year 2016.

Pension benefit indexation is carried out by recalculating the individual pension coefficient and a fixed payment.

According to the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, inflation growth in 2016 amounted to 5.4%. In this regard, the indexation coefficient was planned to be brought to a value of 1.054 with an individual pension coefficient equal to 78.28 rubles.

But the budget of the Pension Fund for 2017 plans to set the value of this coefficient at 78.58 rubles, and therefore another indexation will be required.

The procedure for the appointment and payment of insurance pensions

What is the procedure for assigning payments?

The appointment of a pension and the procedure for payments is carried out by the body pension provision or a multifunctional center providing state and municipal services at the place of residence of the citizen who applied for it.

On the basis of a written application of an employee, his employer may apply for a pension assigned to him.

You can apply for a pension both in person and through Internet resources, in particular through the Unified Portal of State and Municipal Services.

All Required documents, which are under the jurisdiction of state and municipal bodies and organizations subordinate to them, are requested by the body that draws up the issuance of a pension through interdepartmental channels.

The rest of the documents are provided by the applicant.

The insurance pension can be delivered through the postal service, credit organizations, other organizations by personal delivery or transfer to the account.

The minor's allowance is issued to his parent or guardian on the basis of an application submitted to the pension authority. Also, funds can be paid to an authorized person on the basis of a notarized power of attorney.

Required documents for registration

Required package of documents

To apply for an insurance pension, the applicant must submit the following documents to the appropriate authority:

• identification;
• certificate of compulsory pension insurance;
• a document certifying the place of residence - in the absence of a residence permit;
• a document that confirms the place of residence, if it differs from the place of registration;
• identity card of the representative and a document certifying his authority.

When applying for an old-age benefit, you must additionally provide information about the periods of work and the individual pension coefficient.

To process disability payments, the applicant submits a certificate of disability and the same information that is required to apply for an old-age pension.

In case of loss of a breadwinner, information about dependents and documents confirming the facts of kinship with the deceased, information about the education of the dependent, the absence of able-bodied parents must be provided.

When issuing a pension, it is possible to suspend it. This happens in case:
violation of the conditions for receiving a pension;
in case of loss of validity of documents confirming the place of residence, etc.

A pension may be paid if:

1. lost the right to receive a pension;
2. pensioner died;
3. the pension was not issued within 6 months;
4. refusal to receive a pension.

Payments can be restored, to do this, file an application with the authorities that issue benefits, and clarify which documents are required to be provided.

Knowing the mechanism for calculating pensions, legislation in the field of pensions, the principles of appointment and payment will help ensure decent living in the future. Therefore, you need to think about retirement in advance.

In the following video you will learn about the nuances of insurance and funded pensions:

May 8, 2017 Content manager

You can ask any question below

Insurance

This type of financial support is proportional to the income of a citizen of the Russian Federation during his legal labor activity. The funds are formed from regular insurance contributions made by the employer to the Pension Fund on behalf of the future recipient of pension payments.

The amount of financial support is based on a fixed amount of compensation for the insured persons, which varies depending on the length of service. Some periods of service may be taken into account with an increased duration, also, according to Art. 12 of Law No. 400-FZ, separate non-labor periods located between labor periods can be taken into account.

Fact! Accrual starts at age 60 for men/55 for women. A number of social/professional categories of citizens have the possibility of early retirement.

When is it taken into account?

To receive the insurance type of payments, you need to score more than 30 points of the individual pension coefficient, which affects the size of the final accruals.

The amount of insurance premiums is 16% of wages, 1 point is equal to the minimum wage at the time of accrual. This value is set anew every year, along with maximum size earnings taken to calculate insurance premiums.

Important! Extra points are charged for postponing the termination of employment.

No more than ten points can be earned annually.

Fact! A simple scoring method is to take your actual annual salary, divide by your actual salary, and multiply by ten.

In addition to working periods, non-working periods are taken into account. These include:

• term maternity leave up to 4.5 years;
• period of officially recognized disability;
• period of military service;
• a period of imprisonment during subsequent rehabilitation;
• registration period in the employment center;
• the period of unemployment of the spouse of the contract military is not more than five years;
• the time of caring for a disabled person belonging to the first group, a minor disabled person or a disabled person for more than 80 years.
• the period of residence of the wives/husbands of diplomats abroad is not more than five years;
• days of moving to permanent residence with a one-time employment.

Social

According to paragraph 1 of Art. 18 of Law No. 166-FZ, the amount of social payments is 3,626.71 rubles, but this is the base rate calculated taking into account annual indexation and applying an adjustment factor. The coefficient can be regional - relevant for the regions of the Far North / similar to them.

Important! The coefficient is tied to the region, not to the citizen. When you change your place of residence, it changes.

P. 3 Art. 18 of Law No. 166-FZ indicates that when assigning social benefits after disability-related insurance, the former cannot be lower than the latter on the last day of their payment.

You can learn about the current change in the amounts established by law from the video:

There are three ways to lose eligibility for this type of financial support:

• change the place of residence in the Russian Federation (option: leave the Russian Federation) so that it no longer falls into the category established by law;
• officially find a job (a number of peoples of the North are an exception);
• ignore the receipt of money for six months - then at first the payments are suspended, then, without an application, they stop.

To whom is it paid?

In general, this type of payment, in accordance with paragraph 1 of Art. 5 of Law No. 166-FZ, is appointed upon the fact:

• old age;
• loss of a breadwinner;
• disability.

• People who do not meet the requirements imposed by law regarding the calculation of labor pensions.
• Citizens of the Russian Federation who have withdrawn previously submitted documents for receiving a labor pension.
• Retirees who have given up labor accruals by providing Pension fund Russian Federation application according to the established model.
• Citizens of the Russian Federation who have a legitimate right to a labor pension, but have not applied for its calculation.

In addition to citizens of the Russian Federation, financial support is provided to foreigners/stateless persons aged 65 (men)/60 years (women) permanently residing in the country of the Republic of Tatarstan for fifteen years.

Fact! The age can be lowered if we are talking about men / women living in the territories of historical existence. The decrease occurs up to 55/50 years, respectively.

Main differences

The main difference between the two types of pensions:

• Although both types are not limited by the timing of payments, social contributions can be permanently terminated under certain circumstances.
• The insurance pension is noticeably higher than the social one. The average difference can be 4-5 thousand rubles, which, given the amount of payments, is a noticeable amount.
• The insurance pension of a pensioner who decides to continue working is recalculated annually and increases in his favor. Social increases only due to indexation, which gives a small, albeit stable, annual increase.
• The insurance variation allows you to retire relatively earlier. The difference increases more strongly with the right of a citizen to an early exit.

Recipients of these types of financial support rarely overlap. People with official work experience receive insurance, it will be much more social - it makes no sense to choose the latter. Social benefits are received by people who worked unofficially or did not work a sufficient amount of time at all - insurance is not available to them. If it is possible to receive both categories of payments with an equal degree of probability, the citizen has the right to choose.

Simultaneous receipt

One-time insurance and social payments it is impossible, according to the law, a citizen applies for one type of payment. It is possible to simultaneously receive a social pension and a non-social type of pension (survivor). This is valid for:

• parents/wives of dead servicemen;
• family members of citizens affected by the Chernobyl accident/liquidation of consequences;
• family members of the dead cosmonauts.

When switching from a pension of another type to a social one, the accrual of the latter begins on the 1st day of the new month.

Summing up

In the Russian Federation, any citizen can receive one type of pension. What it will be depends on a number of factors established by law. But even the lack of work experience does not hurt to be confident in your financial security - insurance pension will be issued without regular PFR insurance contributions. Another issue is that the amounts will usually be incomparable.