Caution, children at the helm! Story about the Children's Railway. Research work on the surrounding world on the topic: "Russian Railways: Past and Present How the children's railway works

1. At the station, parts of the trains - passenger and freight - were mixed up. Cut out the pictures from the app and assemble the trains. Ask your desk mate to check you out. After checking, stick the parts. Tell me what kind of goods the freight train is carrying.

Freight train carries cars, sand, wood, chemical substances, various goods.

2. Do you know what a children's railway is? This is a wonderful place! If you have the opportunity, visit such a road and get acquainted with its work. If not possible, find out about it using the Internet or other sources of information. Be prepared to share what you saw and learned in class.

Baby railways

Children's railways are special educational circles in which children aged 8-15 study railway specialties. Children's railways are trying to get as close as possible to the prototype - public railways. Therefore, children's railways, as far as possible, use the same equipment as real railways.
Sometimes children's railways are called attractions located in parks of culture and recreation, which are a train that rolls children in a circle. However, such attractions are not children's railways. Firstly, they are operated by adults, and secondly, real children's railways are organizations that teach children the basics of railway professions, which does not apply to attractions.
The first children's railway was built in Moscow in 1932. By the mid-1980s, at least 52 children's railways were operating in the USSR. Now in Russia there are 25 children's railways in the cities: Vladikavkaz, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kazan, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Kratovo, Kurgan, Liski, Nizhny Novgorod, Novomoskovsk, Novosibirsk, Orenburg, Penza, Rostov-on-Don, St. Petersburg, Svobodny, Tyumen, Ufa, Khabarovsk, Chelyabinsk, Chita, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Yaroslavl.

Every child has a favorite toy. Sometimes a toy becomes the "blue dream" of a lifetime, not always available, but forever loved. In the USSR, a toy railway became such a dream for many.

The toy began to go on sale around 1955 and lasted about 15 years. Until 1961, it cost 360 rubles, after the Khrushchev monetary reform - 36 rubles, but in both cases, the longed-for dream of many boys - and the road was sold only in the largest department stores of the USSR, such as "Children's World" or "Dom toys." Most often the road was bought budget organizations children's creativity - houses, clubs and circles of young technicians.

For the first time on the shelves of the Central Baku department store I saw "Pioneer" in the summer of 1958. I remember that with difficulty I was able to get closer to see the sparkling green cars and the bright blue diesel locomotive. To one side was the most beautiful railway station in the world, with benches for waiting trains and ticket windows. On the other side - a booth with a pipe, a traffic light, a crossing, a bridge ...

Older children were especially delighted, they almost completely blocked the view of the curiosity for us, the little ones!

It must be said right away that in September 1958 I was supposed to hit the first round date - 10 years! I also note that we were children not spoiled with toys, especially technical ones.

On another summer vacation Sunday, our family was walking around the city and, of course, by hook or by crook I dragged everyone to the cherished department store. Mom, seeing the price tag, let out a long groan, grabbed my hand in order to take me away quickly ... But suddenly a supporter appeared in the form of an older brother, who turned 23 in the spring. They removed me by force, but he stayed and suddenly suggested: "Let's chip in and buy this very railway for our brother for the anniversary!"

As it became known later, the brother wanted to thoroughly understand the bundle of wires that looked out of the box. It was a multifunctional railway that even implemented the idea of auto-blocking, which had just appeared on a large railway! It is for this reason that the path itself was three-rail.

With a broad gesture, the brother laid out 6 rubles! Mom, shaking her head disapprovingly, nevertheless scraped 10 rubles in her purse. And the father, sighing and scratching his head, silently took out 20 rubles from a thick bundle and put them in a common cauldron! I stood without breathing. Really today this wonderful railway will be at our house!

For some reason, we were sent to the basement along the side stairs for the box (later, in all subsequent times, when I visited this department store, I always turned my head towards this staircase).
The box was bulky and very heavy, but it was a RAILWAY.
At home, of course, they didn’t let me close to the road while my brother dealt with all the complexities of collecting and debugging. For him with a higher education, it took about 3 hours. The assembly instructions, beautifully published in 1955 on coated paper, did not allow the road to be connected and launched immediately. For example, there was a lot of uncertainty in the installation of electrical wires and terminals. It seems that everything is visible in the drawings, clear and understandable, there are markings on the wires and terminals, the veins are all colored, and when you start collecting in reality, it doesn’t work right away ... Some pages of the instructions are given according to the original.

It took about an hour to assemble the rails for the first time. Fortunately, all the lashes are numbered. In total, there were 7 straight rail sections and 16 curves (the instructions say - radius). I was struck by the automatic closing of barriers at the train's approach to the crossing and the appearance of a switchman from the checkpoint booth. At the same time, a bright green lantern lit up in his hands. The station attendant on the platform famously raised a green flag and held it up to the very passage of the train ... It's a miracle, even the lights were on in the passenger cars!

When, in the end, the railway was launched, there was a quiet delight of all relatives, well, there’s no need to talk about me!

The rolling stock consisted of an IS-51 locomotive (Joseph Stalin - 1951) with an axle formula 2-(1 + 1) -2, two passenger and one covered cars, as well as an open platform. The motor bogie had an ultra-modern group electric drive through an articulated gear train. The heavy body of the locomotive relied only on the motor bogie, which made it possible to realize high traction forces. The guide bogies carried only their own weight, which, at high speeds, sometimes led to their descent, which, however, did not affect the further movement of the train ... until the first switch! If you thought that it was here that the derailment took place, then you are deeply mistaken, no, on the turnouts the wheels themselves jumped onto the rails. Why not modern "frogs"!

And in the event of a descent or any other short circuit, after a couple of seconds, the protection worked and a bright red light on the central control panel turned on! The restoration of the circuit was possible only after the cooling of the bimetallic plate and, of course, the elimination of the derailment or short circuit.

All these innovations brought my brother and me into indescribable ecstasy: perfect protection against short circuits, smooth speed control, reliable three-digit auto-blocking, illumination of the path with searchlights of the locomotive, and turnouts and crossings with separate lights. Bright festive lighting of the station, light at the box office. To my great regret, a commutator AC traction motor was used on the locomotive-electric locomotive, which did not allow remote reversing. It was possible to change the direction of movement only with a switch located in uncomfortable place on a motor bogie under the body skirt.

I was also fascinated by the automatic coupler, which made it possible to connect the cars without my participation. The figure shows the coupling of two passenger cars. But there were problems with the uncoupling, especially on curved sections.

Naturally, not only my entire class visited, but without exaggeration the entire school No. 174! Rumors spread quickly!

Later, when the basic two circles got a little boring, I made a dead-end station. Often in the summer he took out the box and laid out the road in our cozy shady courtyard, which aroused genuine interest among all the neighbors, numerous children different ages. Since the city of Baku is located on hills, the surface of the courtyard had a clear slope towards the street, which required the creation of an effective braking system. As expected, the brakes of passenger cars and the auxiliary hand brake of the locomotive were made, which protruded from the window of the assistant driver.

Of course, the sprawl of the decomposed railway did not allow it to be left on the floor for a long time. Collected, played - carefully disassemble, fold and slide the box under the table. The family used a weekly incentive: if there were no triples in the report card, then it was allowed to lay out the road on Sunday ... How I didn’t want to collect it in the evening, put it in a box !!

And another thing to pay attention to: after the game, I was smeared from head to toe in engine oil and some soot. Isn't this the ultimate dream of a guy who dreamed of devoting his life to a real railway!

What is a JD?

Very many, having heard the words "Children's Railway", will immediately imagine a toy railway (most likely German, by PIKO) with tiny engines and wagons, which was once assembled on the floor of a room with dad or older brother, and then for a long time they drove the train in a circle until a strict mother sent them to bed. Nice memories…

So, in fact, the Children's Railway is completely different - it is a real railway, albeit a narrow gauge one, along which real trains run from real wagons and diesel locomotives. And why is she a child, you ask? Yes, because schoolchildren 9-15 years old work on it. All summer, under the guidance of adult instructors, they themselves drive trains, work as dispatchers, station attendants, conductors and conductors.

you already remembered school lesson operation stories child labor? In vain! There is no more exploitation here than in an aircraft modeling circle. Or maybe it's dangerous? Also not - during the entire academic year, young railway workers continue to attend theoretical classes at the Children's Railway and by the beginning of the summer season they acquire a fairly high qualification.

For Children's Railways, a track several kilometers long is specially laid, without access to the general railway network of the country. As a rule, these roads do not have special transport significance and are used as attractions and for the transport of passengers in city parks and recreation areas. Nevertheless, the Children's Railway is a serious school, and from a third to a half of its pupils later connect their lives with the railway.

Veterans and youth of the Chelyabinsk children's railway

There are a lot of people who want to ride!

Chelyabinsk Children's Railway.

Krasnoyarsk Children's Railway.

Opening of the new season on the Krasnoyarsk Children's Railway.

Passengers of the Krasnoyarsk Children's Railway.

Liskin Children's Railway

Electric train "Strela". Liskin Children's Railway.

Transbaikal small railway.

Svobodnenskaya Small Railway, Amur Region

The building of the children's railway in Nizhny Novgorod.

On the children's railway in Nizhny Novgorod.

Young railway workers of the East Siberian Children's Railway, Irkutsk.

Children's railway, Ufa

Young railway workers, Ufa

Children's railway, Ufa

On the Penza Children's Railway

Children's railway, Penza

Penza Children's Railway

Malaya Oktyabrskaya Railway

Ozernaya Station of the Malaya Oktyabrskaya Railway

Diesel locomotive TU2 at the Ozernaya station of the Malaya Oktyabrskaya Railway

Passengers of the train of the Malaya Oktyabrskaya Railway

Young driver in the cabin of an electric train, Yaroslavl Children's Railway

Conductor of the Khabarovsk Children's Railway

Khabarovsk Children's Railway. Train departure

Khabarovsk Children's Railway.

Steam locomotive-monument on the territory of the Khabarovsk children's railway

Machinist of the Small Moscow Railway

North Caucasian Children's Railway, Rostov-on-Don

Novomoskovsk Children's Railway

Diesel locomotive TU2-241 "Veterok" and cars "Cheburashka", Novomoskovsk Children's Railway

Diesel locomotive TU2-241 "Veterok" and cars "Cheburashka" on the square. Pionerskaya, Novomoskovsk Children's Railway

Information about children's railways in Russia

The railway industry of Russia has been functioning for 170 years, and it always performs serious social and economic tasks for the benefit of our state. The developed infrastructure of Russian Railways is serviced by a team of many thousands, which is constantly updated. One of the preparatory educational institutions is the children's railway structure, which provides primary vocational railway education.

Children's Railway - an educational institution for children school age in railway transport, contributing to the development of technical creativity and railway modeling, interest in railway specialties. For the children's railway, a narrow-gauge rail track (750 mm wide) with a length of usually 1.5-5 km is specially laid, rolling stock is provided (1-2 diesel locomotives and 4-5 passenger cars), the road is equipped with signaling and communication devices, a small station building is being built , depot, turnout posts, and also create classrooms, laboratories and workshops for classes with young railway workers.

Young railway workers study (mainly in winter period) theoretical basis railway equipment, transportation technology, rules of technical operation necessary for the performance of official duties of certain professions. IN summer period, during the holidays, schoolchildren under the guidance of instructors-teachers from among experienced railway workers undergo training and production practice in organizing the transportation process as a locomotive driver and his assistant, dispatcher, station and switch station attendants, conductor and wagon inspector, cashier, auditor - inspector, track fitter, crossing and platform attendants, etc.

The modern children's railway is a unique institution that combines the functions of a real railway enterprise, educational institution training and institutions additional education children. This is a complex of railway, educational, gaming, cultural, sports facilities and facilities designed to train schoolchildren in railway specialties and promote these specialties among young people. Today, children's railways are being equipped with modern train traffic control systems, switching to new types of rails, and introducing diagnostic equipment. Small roads bring up self-control, responsibility and discipline in young railway workers.

The world's first children's railway was opened on July 24, 1935 in Tiflis (Tbilisi). The Krasnoyarsk Children's Railway is the first, built on August 1, 1936, in the RSFSR, a children's railway and the oldest of those currently existing in Russia. The uniqueness of this road is not only in age - only self-made rolling stock has always been operated on it. And this is the only road where turning circles for turning locomotives and a round depot at Pervomayskaya station were built at both terminal stations. The width of its track differs from the usual one for children's railways of the USSR.

The next two waves of construction of children's railways occurred in the mid-1950s and 1970s, after which there was again some calm. In recent years, there has been a positive shift again - new roads are being built and existing ones are being modernized. In June 2005, the Novosibirsk Railway was put into operation with a length of 2.63 km, with two stations and one siding. 6 passenger cars and 2 diesel locomotives of the TU-7A series are operated. Currently, 22 children's railways operate in Russia, namely in the cities: Krasnoyarsk, Kratovo, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Svobodny, Rostov-on-Don, Yaroslavl, Volgograd, St. Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Orenburg, Yuzhno - Sakhalinsk, Novomoskovsk, Khabarovsk, Yekaterinburg, Penza, Tyumen, Chita, Vladikavkaz, Kurgan.

Summer is conducive to trips from Moscow for two days, so we are happy to continue our rubric and today we will go to the Ramensky district for children's railway. Although, how to say, for children, everything is arranged very, very adult-like.

On October 30, 1935, a meeting of the pioneers of the Ramensky district took place. One of the issues discussed at the rally was the appeal of the Tiflis pioneers, who built the first children's railway, to start building children's railways in all corners of the country. This idea seemed so interesting that on the same day a council was elected to promote the construction of the ChRW in Kratovo.

Take a ride on the children's railway, look into the depot and see how everything works —>

Already in June 1936, the construction of the railway in Kratovo began, the construction work was carried out by the pioneers themselves, and the Komsomol members of the Ramensky and Ukhtomsky regions helped to carry out the hardest work. By November 7, 1936, 2.3 km of tracks and temporary wooden buildings at two stations had been built. In winter, they trained employees and staff for the operation of the railway, and already on May 2, 1937, the opening took place. In the summer of 1940, another 2 kilometers of the road and the Kultbaza station were built, and on June 22, 1941, on the opening day of the summer season, it became known about the attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR, the railway worked for a very short time and soon had to be closed due to air raids. In 1945, the railway started working again, trains changed, stations were improved, many children went through this informal educational institution, many adults in childhood came here to see how the railway works. This opportunity is available to today's children!

Railroad diagram. The length of the path is 4.962 km; 2 stations: Pionerskaya and Yunost, and 2 platforms: School and Children. This is a narrow gauge railway and the trains here are appropriate.

Children work here! Of course, adults coordinate their work, are engaged in training, but all the specialists who ensure the operation of the railway are children.

Tourists board the train

Preparation before departure, everything needs to be checked

It is interesting that the dress uniform of young conductors almost completely remained, like that of the Soviet pioneers, although now these are the corporate colors of Russian Railways

Train departs

It's fun for kids of all ages!

The conductor tells the story of the railway. In order to order a free tour, you need to fill out an application on the website a few days before the desired date.

Controller checks tickets

Enthusiastic workers of the children's railway talk about how everything is tripled. To get here, you need to go through a rather strong one, so all the children “working” here are really passionate about railways and understand them better than many adult railway workers.

Permission to enter the driver's cab

And even sit in the driver's seat

Strictly speaking, instead of a sports steering wheel, there should be a lever here, but since children master the profession under the strict supervision of adult railway workers, a steering wheel has been installed for convenience. The train is driven by a young driver, but the instructor can intervene and correct actions at any time. Still, the locomotive carries real passengers.

Explain how the arrows are arranged

And this is in the railway control center

Dispatchers really work, manage trains, allow or prohibit access to the line. Everything is like on an adult railway

From autumn to spring, children are trained, and in the summer they work on the railway. They say that trains are canceled because there is no one to drive them - few people can pass the most difficult exam for the position of a driver. At the same time, there is a constant rotation of personnel: today's conductor can pass an exam for a driver tomorrow, and the day after tomorrow go as a trackman. Many specialties are mastered at once. Didn't pass the exam - get a lower position.

There are only three trains per day. Trains depart from Pionerskaya station at 10:00, 10:55 and 11:50. From Yunost station - at 10:25, 11:20 and 11:50. The fare is 120 rubles. In heavy rain, trains are cancelled.

In good weather, you can take a walk near the lake in the village of Kratovo (Pionerskaya station) and even swim. Also of interest are old cottages with cozy houses in the village of Kratovo.

Getting to the Children's Railway is easy: trains run from the Kazansky railway station to the Otdyv station or by car along the Ryazan highway.
Detailed information about the schedule, fares and how to get there is on the official website.

Special thanks to the Regional Express - REKS company (at some point, electric trains suddenly began to look normal) for organizing a visit to the children's railway.

Toy cars and trains are relevant for the child already from one year old. Railways are especially interesting for children. Today on the shelves of stores you can find more than a dozen different options: manual, remote, battery operated.

How to choose a children's railway

According to the material, such educational toys are divided into 3 types:

Plastic. Often the cheapest, not too strong, but bright and light, all parts fit well.
Wooden. The material is environmentally friendly, safe for the little ones. Parts are attached with a magnet. Wooden elements must be well sanded so that the child does not plant a splinter.
Metal. Sturdy railroads, but difficult to build and often very expensive. Collectible models are produced from such material. It is better to buy a metal toy for a child older than 6-8 years.

The complete set of the railway depends on the set:

Base. Rails, locomotive, additional wagons different type. Perhaps the presence of arrows for the divergence of paths, dead ends. Some manufacturers even in this starter kit put animals, men, landscape elements - houses, trees.
Extended. Complemented with tunnels, station stations, barriers, supports for multi-level arrangement of tracks. The more these details, the more exciting the game, but they are interesting for children over 3-4 years old.

Important Features

Control type. Toddlers 2-3 years old will roll the train with their hands or watch how it moves itself from batteries. The children's railway on the remote control is suitable for a child over 4-5 years old when he can figure out the device.
Rail length. The more, the longer the train rides and this is more interesting, but it is difficult to fit a structure of 3-5 meters in a small apartment.
Part sizes. When buying a railway for a child of 2-3 years old, it is better to choose a toy with large elements, so there is less risk that the baby will try to swallow them and choke.
Material quality. It is important to study the joints so that there are no gaps and irregularities during the connection, they will interfere with the smooth running of the composition and can lead to breakage of the toy.
Functions. The change of train speeds, the possibility of reverse gear add variety to the game.

Radio-controlled and battery-powered models without a remote control may have additional effects that add realism:

Sound- imitation of the sound of wheels, horn, braking of a stop crane.
Light- some trains have headlights or windows on.
Smoke- oil is poured into a special compartment, evaporating during the movement of the train. This function is undesirable if the toy is purchased by a child under 4-5 years old.

The best models of children's railways

When deciding to buy or order such a toy on the Internet, pay attention not to the price - there are many good models and in the budget segment. Carefully study the quality of parts (material, assembly) and the functionality of the selected railway.

Find out if it is possible to buy additional rails, new cars, decorations for it. Many famous brands are compatible with each other.

6. Mehano Western, Т109, H0

The model of the Slovenian brand opens the rating of children's railways, consisting of 11 rails (total length - 2.85 m) and a train: a steam locomotive and 3 freight cars of an open and closed type. The toy is suitable for a child over 3 years old, although the manufacturer indicates a lower age limit of 8 years.

To create a picture of a journey through the Wild West, the set also contains cardboard parts depicting the local landscape with a tunnel through the mountains, buildings, and greenery.

When assembled (circle), this toy railroad for kids measures 117.5*95.5 cm, so it will fit on the floor in a small room as well as on a table top. The scale of all models is 1:87. It works from a network of 220 V, so you don't have to worry about a sudden stop. The speed of the movement of the composition is changed by the button on the remote control. If you buy other Mehano sets, the route can be rebuilt, all parts are compatible with each other.

Price:

8499 rub.

Advantages:

uninterrupted work;
good detail;
self-assembly, landscape gluing - additional creativity for children;
you can change the route with new details.

disadvantages:

overpriced for average quality;
thin cardboard landscape, it is necessary to strengthen.

5. OmZET "Railway-3", 191-TOPAZ

Simple cheap children's set Russian manufacturer made of strong plastic includes a steam locomotive and 2 wagons: for animals (the doors open) and for bulk cargo. Dimensions of the finished toy after assembly - 200 * 110 cm. This is a full circle and a canvas of rails (38 parts) inside to change the route. post due to large sizes railroad is better on the floor. The material is strong but light, all parts in the package weigh 1.8 kg.

The toy is intended for children over 3 years old, adults should help with assembly - you need to apply force to connect the rails.

You need to control the wagons using the remote control, which has a button for changing the speed and reverse of the locomotive. Powered by AA batteries (3 pcs.), not included. For more interesting game the box contains 2 dead ends and path change arrows.

Price:

1681 rub.

Advantages:

sound effects;
cheap;
you can build many routes;
the cars are coupled with the train automatically;
parts are large (safe for a child).

disadvantages:

no decorative elements;
the train can go off the rails if they are poorly docked.

4. Playing together "Sapsan", B1510726-R

The most budgetary electric railway for children, consisting of 3 cars - head, central and tail, made according to the layout of the Lastochka train. The toy is suitable for kids over 2 years old and will be ideal for a small apartment. There are only 8 rails in the set, so the canvas turns out to be short - 189 cm in total, the route is only circular. The diameter of the full circle is 610 mm, the track width is 38.

In motion, the train lights up, there is no sound accompaniment.

The toy is powered by AA batteries (2 pcs., not included), but you can move it by yourself with your hands, which attracts the little ones. Children over 5-6 years old are no longer interested in this game because of the simple route. To diversify the landscape, parts for assembling plastic trees are attached to the railroad.

Price:

910 rub.

Advantages:

simple assembly;
inexpensive;
large details;
lighting effects;
the train goes well even on the carpet.

disadvantages:

few details, the child will quickly get bored;
marriage is possible (the wheels fall off, the engine stalls).

3. Brio "Railway in the countryside" 33916

The wooden toy from the Swedish manufacturer is ideal for children aged 2-6 thanks to environmentally friendly material that is pleasant to touch. Train control is manual, which is important for a kid who is not ready to deal with the remote control. The rolling stock is small - a locomotive, 2 leading passenger cars and a freight car. Each of them opens, so you can put men or a cow inside, put luggage - these decor details are included.

The rails are assembled into a circular track with an additional small route inside, the path is inclined - for this, there are 3 supports and a bridge in the box.

You can build a corral for animals near the railway, “plant” a forest, put a driver and a traffic light, which will make the game exciting. The set is compatible with other railway constructions Brio, IKEA, PlanToys. For older children, you can buy battery trains here.

Price:

5485 rub.

Advantages:

many game details;
wood processing quality;
strong materials resistant to impact or children's teeth;
high detail;
Toy storage box included.

disadvantages:

2. Dickie Toys, 3563900, H0

The plastic electric railway for toddlers aged 2-3 and older children attracts with its bright design, musical and light special effects (headlights). The toy imitates a real train with sounds, moves in 2 directions. Powered by 2 AA batteries, activated by a small lever on the body of the locomotive. There is no remote control.

The plastic is thin, but withstands light shock loads. The construction scale is 1:87.

In addition to the red locomotive, the set includes 2 carriages 19 cm long, there are no additional decorative elements. The children's railway consists of 17 rail parts, which are assembled in 3 options: a circle with a diameter of 1 m, a full oval 1.3 * 1 m or with an internal short path. The speed of the train is low, not regulated.

Price:

2542 rub.

Advantages:

good plastic, odorless, fits without gaps;
easy move;
modern look of wagons;
rails can be folded in different ways.

disadvantages:

batteries have to be changed frequently.

1. Huan Qi "Railway", 3700-3A

An excellent plastic designer for children over 3 years old from a Chinese manufacturer consists of a locomotive, a steam locomotive with coal, a tank car and a wagon for medical staff. The control is electronic, the toy is powered by AA batteries. Requires 4 pcs, not included. All parts are easily assembled, securely joined and fixed, derailment of the train is excluded.

The movement is only in a circle, so a child over 5-6 years old may not be interested in a toy.

Due to the high detail and the number of special effects, this is the best children's railway among budget models. The train emits a faint smoke while moving and makes characteristic sounds of the wheels running, the engine running. A blue flashlight glows on the front of the locomotive. Toy in dark colors, the smallest may not like it. You can’t buy rails separately, you won’t be able to dock with other railways.

Price: