Appearance of Matryona Timofeevna. The image of Matrena Timofeevna in the poem “Who in Russia should live well. The life of Matrena Timofeevna in her husband's house

Almost every writer has a secret theme that excites him especially strongly and passes through all his work as a leitmotif. For Nekrasov, the singer of the Russian people, the fate of the Russian woman became such a topic. Simple serfs, proud princesses and even fallen women who sank to the social bottom - for each, the writer had a warm word. And all of them, so different at first glance, were united by complete lack of rights and unhappiness, which were considered the norm at that time. Against the backdrop of universal serfdom, the fate of a simple woman looks even worse, because she is forced to “submit to a slave to the grave” and “be the mother of a son-slave” (“Frost, red nose”), i.e. she is a slave in the square. “The keys to the happiness of women”, from their “free will” have long been lost - this is the problem the poet tried to draw attention to. This is how the incredibly bright and strong image of Matryona Timofeevna appears in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Russia”.
The story of the fate of Matryona is set out in the third part of the poem, which is called: "Peasant Woman".

A rumor leads the wanderers to the woman, stating that if any of the women can be called lucky, then only the “governor” from the village of Klin. However, Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina, a "dignified", beautiful and strict woman, having heard the peasants' question about her happiness, "twirled, thought" and did not even want to talk about anything initially. It was already dark, and the month with the stars went up into the sky, when Matrena nevertheless decided to “open her whole soul.”

Only at the very beginning, life was kind to her, Matrena recalls. Mother and father took care of their daughter, called "kasatushka", cherished and cherished. Let's pay attention to great amount words with diminutive suffixes: late, sun, crust, etc., characteristic of oral folk art. Here, the influence of Russian folklore on Nekrasov's poem is noticeable - in folk songs, as a rule, the time of carefree girlhood is sung, which contrasts sharply with the subsequent difficult life in the husband's family. The author uses this plot to build the image of Matryona and almost verbatim transfers the description of the girl's life with her parents from the songs. Some of the folklore is introduced directly into the text. These are wedding songs, lamentation over the bride and the song of the bride herself, as well as detailed description marriage ceremony.

No matter how hard Matryona tries to prolong her free life, she is still married to a man who is also a stranger, not from her native village. Soon the girl, together with her husband Philip, leaves the house and goes to an unfamiliar land, to a large and unfriendly family. There she goes "from a girl's holi" to hell, which is also transmitted with the help of a folk song. “Drowsy, drowsy, messy!

"- so they call Matryona in the family, and everyone tries to ask her more work. There is no hope for the intercession of her husband: although they are of the same age, Philip treats his wife well, but sometimes he beats (“the whip whistled, blood splashed”) and does not think to make her life easier. In addition, he spends almost all his free time on earnings, and there is “no one to love” Matryona.

In this part of the poem, the extraordinary character and inner spiritual stamina of Matryona become clearly visible. Another would have despaired long ago, but she does everything as ordered and always finds a reason to rejoice at the simplest things. Her husband returned, “he brought a silk handkerchief / Yes, he took a ride on a sled” - and Matryona sang joyfully, as she used to sing in her parents' house.

The only happiness of a peasant woman is in her children. So the heroine of Nekrasov has her firstborn, whom she can’t get enough of: “How hand-written was Demushka!”. The author very convincingly shows: it is the children who do not allow the peasant woman to become embittered, they support truly angelic patience in her. The great vocation - to raise and protect her children - raises Matryona above the gray everyday life. The image of a woman turns into a heroic one.

But the peasant woman is not destined to enjoy her happiness for a long time: work must continue, and the child, left in the care of the old man, dies due to a tragic accident. The death of a child at that time was not a rare event, this misfortune often fell upon the family. But Matryona is harder than the others - not only is this her first-born, but also the authorities who came from the city decide that it was the mother herself, in collusion with the former convict grandfather Savely, who killed her son. No matter how much Matryona cries, she has to be present at the autopsy of Demushka - he was “spilled”, and this terrible picture was forever imprinted in her mother’s memory.

The characterization of Matryona Timofeevna would not be complete without another important detail - her willingness to sacrifice herself for others. Her children are what remains the most sacred for a peasant woman: “Just don’t touch the little ones! I stood up for them…” Indicative in this regard is the episode when Matryona takes upon herself the punishment of her son. He, being a shepherd, lost a sheep, and he was to be flogged for this. But the mother threw herself at the feet of the landowner, and he "mercifully" forgave the teenager, ordering in return to flog the "impudent woman." For the sake of her children, Matrena is ready to go even against God. When a wanderer comes to the village with a strange demand not to breastfeed her children on Wednesdays and Fridays, the woman is the only one who did not listen to her. “To whom to endure, so mothers” - in these words of Matryona the whole depth of her maternal love is expressed.

Another key feature of a peasant woman is her determination. Submissive and compliant, she knows when to fight for her happiness. So, it is Matryona from the whole huge family who decides to stand up for her husband when he is taken into the soldiers and, falling at the feet of the governor, brings him home. For this act, she receives the highest award - people's respect. Hence her nickname "Governor". Now the family loves her, and in the village they consider her lucky. But the hardships and "storm of the soul" that have passed through Matryona's life do not give her the opportunity to speak of herself as happy.

A resolute, selfless, simple and sincere woman and mother, one of the many Russian peasant women - this is how the reader of Matryona Korchagin's “Who Lives Well in Russia” appears before the reader.

The description of the image of Matryona Korchagina and her characterization in the poem will help 10th grade students before writing an essay on the topic “The Image of Matryona Timofeevna in “Who Lives Well in Russia””.

Artwork test

The chapter "Last Child" switched the main attention of the truth-seekers to the people's environment. The search for peasant happiness (Izbytkovo village!) Naturally led the peasants to the "lucky" - "governor", the peasant woman Matryona Korchagina. What is the ideological and artistic meaning of the chapter "Peasant Woman"?

In the post-reform era, the peasant woman remained just as oppressed and deprived of rights as before 1861, and it was obviously an absurd undertaking to look for a happy woman among the peasant women. This is clear to Nekrasov. In the outline of the chapter, the “lucky” heroine says to the wanderers:

I think so,

What if between women

Are you looking for a happy

So you are just stupid.

But the author of “To whom it is good to live in Russia”, artistically reproducing Russian reality, is forced to reckon with folk concepts and ideas, no matter how miserable and false they may be. He only reserves the copyright to dispel illusions, to form more correct views on the world, to bring up higher demands on life than those that gave rise to the legend of the happiness of the “governor”. However, the rumor flies from mouth to mouth, and the wanderers go to the village of Klin. The author gets the opportunity to oppose life to the legend.

The Peasant Woman begins with a prologue, which plays the role of an ideological overture to the chapter, prepares the reader for the perception of the image of the peasant woman of the village of Klin, the lucky Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina. The author draws a “thoughtfully and affectionately” noisy grain field, which was moistened “Not so much by warm dew, / Like sweat from a peasant’s face.” As the wanderers move, rye is replaced by flax, fields of peas and vegetables. The kids frolic (“children rush / Some with turnips, some with carrots”), and “women pull beets”. The colorful summer landscape is closely linked by Nekrasov with the theme of inspired peasant labor.

But then the wanderers approached the "unenviable" village of Klin. The joyful, colorful landscape is replaced by another, gloomy and dull:

Whatever the hut - with a backup,

Like a beggar with a crutch.

Comparison of "wretched houses" with skeletons and orphaned jackdaw nests on naked autumn trees further enhances the tragedy of the impression. The charms of rural nature and the beauty of creative peasant labor in the prologue of the chapter are contrasted with the picture of peasant poverty. By landscape contrast, the author makes the reader internally alert and distrustful of the message that one of the workers of this impoverished village is the true lucky woman.

From the village of Klin, the author leads the reader to an abandoned landowner's estate. The picture of its desolation is complemented by the images of numerous courtyards: hungry, weak, relaxed, like frightened Prussians (cockroaches) in the upper room, they crawled around the estate. This “whining household” is opposed by the people who, after a hard day (“the people in the fields are working”), return to the village with a song. Surrounded by this healthy work collective, outwardly almost not standing out from it (“Good way! And which Matryona Timofeevna?”), Making up part of it, appears in Matryona Korchagin's poem.

The portrait characterization of the heroine is very informative and poetically rich. The first idea of ​​​​the appearance of Matryona is given by the replica of the peasants of the village of Nagotina:

Holmogory cow,

Not a woman! kinder

And there is no smoother woman.

The comparison - “a Kholmogory cow is not a woman” - speaks of the health, strength, stateliness of the heroine. It is the key to further characterization, it fully corresponds to the impression that Matryona Timofeevna makes on the truth-seeking peasants.

Her portrait is extremely laconic, but it also gives an idea of ​​the strength of character, the feeling dignity(“a dignified woman”), and about moral purity and exactingness (“big, strict eyes”), and about the hard life of the heroine (“gray hair” at 38), and that the storms of life did not break, but only tempered her (“severe and swarthy”). harsh, natural beauty peasant women are even more emphasized by the poverty of clothing: a “short sundress”, and a white shirt, shading the heroine’s skin color dark from a tan. In Matryona's story, her whole life passes before the reader, and the author reveals the movement of this life, the dynamics of the depicted character through a change in the portrait characteristics of the heroine.

“Thoughtful”, “twisted”, Matryona recalls the years of her girlhood, youth; she, as it were, sees herself in the past from the outside and cannot but admire her former girlish beauty. Gradually, in her story (“Before Marriage”), a generalized portrait of a rural beauty, so well known in folk poetry, appears before the audience. Matrena's maiden name is "clear eyes", "white face", which is not afraid of the dirt of field work. “You’ll work in the field for a day,” says Matryona, and then, after washing in a “hot baenka,”

Again white, fresh,

For spinning with girlfriends

Eat until midnight!

In her native family, the girl blooms, “like a poppy flower”, she is a “good worker” and “sing-dance hunter”. But now comes the fatal hour of farewell to the girl's will... From the mere thought of the future, of the bitter life in "another God-given family" the bride's "white face fades". However, her blooming beauty, "handsomeness" is enough for several years. family life. No wonder the manager Abram Gordeich Sitnikov "boosts" Matryona:

You are a written kralechka

You are a hot berry!

But the years go by, bringing more and more troubles. For a long time, a severe swarthyness replaced a scarlet blush on Matrena's face, petrified with grief; "clear eyes" look at people strictly and severely; hunger and overwork carried away the "pregnancy and prettiness" accumulated in the years of girlhood. Emaciated, fierce by the struggle for life, she no longer resembles a "poppy color", but a hungry she-wolf:

She-wolf that Fedotova

I remembered - hungry,

Similar to kids

I was on it!

So socially, the conditions of life and work (“Horse attempts / We carried ...”), as well as psychologically (the death of the first-born, loneliness, hostile attitude of the family) Nekrasov motivates changes in the appearance of the heroine, at the same time asserting a deep internal connection between images of a red-cheeked laughter woman from the chapter “Before marriage” and a graying, portly woman met by wanderers. Cheerfulness, spiritual clarity, inexhaustible energy, inherent in Matryona from her youth, help her survive in life, maintain the majesty of her posture and beauty.

In the process of working on the image of Matrena, Nekrasov did not immediately determine the age of the heroine. From variant to variant there was a process of “rejuvenation” by its author. To "rejuvenate" Matrena Timofeevna makes the author strive for life and artistic truthfulness. A woman in the village grew old early. An indication of the 60- and even 50-year-old age came into conflict with the portrait of the heroine, common definition“beautiful” and such details as “big, strict eyes”, “richest eyelashes”. The latter option eliminated the discrepancy between the heroine's living conditions and her appearance. Matryona is 38 years old, her hair has already been touched by gray hair - evidence of a difficult life, but her beauty has not faded yet. The "rejuvenation" of the heroine was also dictated by the requirement of psychological certainty. 20 years have passed since the marriage and death of the first-born Matryona (if she is 38, not 60!) Difficult year are still quite fresh in her memory. That is why Matryona's speech sounds so emotional, so excited.

Matrena Timofeevna is not only beautiful, dignified, healthy. A smart, courageous woman with a rich, generous, poetic soul, she was created for happiness. And she was very lucky in some ways: a “good, non-drinking” native family (not everyone is like that!), marriage for love (how often did this happen?), prosperity (how not to envy?), patronage of the governor (what happiness! ). Is it any wonder that the legend of the "governor" went for a walk in the villages, that fellow villagers "denigrated" her, as Matryona herself says with bitter irony, a lucky woman.

And on the example of the fate of the "lucky" Nekrasov reveals the whole terrible drama of peasant life. The whole story of Matryona is a refutation of the legend about her happiness. From chapter to chapter the drama grows, leaving less room for naive illusions.

In the plot of the main stories of the chapter “Peasant Woman” (“Before Marriage”, “Songs”, “Demushka”, “She-Wolf”, “Hard Year”, “Woman's Parable”), Nekrasov selected and concentrated the most ordinary, everyday and at the same time the most events characteristic of the life of a Russian peasant woman: work from an early age, simple girlish entertainment, matchmaking, marriage, humiliated position and difficult life in a strange family, family quarrels, beatings, the birth and death of children, caring for them, overwork, hunger in lean years, the bitter lot of a mother with many children, a soldier. These events determine the circle of interests, the structure of thoughts and feelings of the peasant woman. They are remembered and presented by the narrator in their temporal sequence, which creates a feeling of simplicity and ingenuity, so inherent in the heroine herself. But for all the outward everydayness of events, the plot of The Peasant Woman is full of deep inner drama and social sharpness, which are due to the originality of the heroine herself, her ability to deeply feel, emotionally experience events, her moral purity and exactingness, her disobedience and courage.

Matryona not only acquaints the wanderers (and the reader!) with the history of her life, she “opens her whole soul” to them. The tale form, the narration in the first person, gives it a special liveliness, spontaneity, life-like persuasiveness, opens up great opportunities for revealing the innermost depths of the inner life of a peasant woman, hidden from the eyes of an outside observer.

Matrena Timofeevna tells about her hardships simply, with restraint, without exaggerating her colors. Out of inner delicacy, she even keeps silent about her husband's beatings, and only after the question of the wanderers: “It’s like you didn’t beat it?”, Embarrassed, she admits that there was such a thing. She is silent about her experiences after the death of her parents:

Heard dark nights

Heard violent winds

orphan sadness,

And you don't need to say...

Matrena says almost nothing about those moments when she was subjected to the shameful punishment of whips... But this restraint, in which the inner strength of the Russian peasant Korchagina is felt, only enhances the drama of her story. Excitedly, as if re-experiencing everything, Matryona Timofeevna tells about Philip's matchmaking, her thoughts and anxieties, the birth and death of her first child. Child mortality in the village was colossal, and with the oppressive poverty of the family, the death of a child was sometimes perceived with tears of relief: “God cleaned up”, “one mouth less!” Not so with Matryona. For 20 years, the pain of her mother's heart has not subsided. Even now she has not forgotten the charms of her firstborn:

How written was Demushka!

Beauty is taken from the sun...etc.

In the soul of Matrena Timofeevna, even after 20 years, anger boils against the “unrighteous judges” who sensed prey. That is why there is so much expression and tragic pathos in her curse to the "villainous executioners" ...

Matryona is first of all a woman, a mother who devoted herself entirely to caring for children. But, subjectively caused by maternal feelings, aimed at protecting children, her protest acquires a social coloring, family adversity pushes her onto the path of social protest. For her child and with God, Matryona will enter into an argument. She, a deeply religious woman, alone in the whole village did not obey the hypocrite wanderer, who forbade breastfeeding children on fast days:

If you endure, then mothers

I am a sinner before God

Not my child

Moods of anger, protest, sounded in the curse of Matryona to the “villain-executioners”, do not deafen in the future, but manifest themselves in forms other than tears and angry cries: she pushed the headman away, tore Fedotushka, trembling like a leaf, out of his hands, silently lay down under the rod ("She-wolf"). But year after year more and more accumulates in the soul of a peasant woman, barely restrained pain and anger.

For me insults are mortal

Gone unpaid... —

Matrena admits, in whose mind, apparently, not without the influence of grandfather Saveliy (she runs into his gorenka in difficult moments of her life!), The thought of retribution, retribution is born. She cannot follow the advice of the proverb: "Keep your head down, humble heart."

I bow my head

I carry an angry heart! —

she paraphrases the proverb in relation to herself, and in these words is the result of the ideological development of the heroine. In the image of Matrena, Nekrasov generalized, typified the awakening of the people's consciousness, the mood of emerging social anger and protest, observed by him in the 60-70s.

The author builds the plot of the chapter “Peasant Woman” in such a way that more and more difficulties arise on the life path of the heroine: family oppression, the death of a son, the death of parents, “ terrible year"Lack of bread, the threat of Philip's recruitment, twice a fire, three times anthrax ... Using the example of one fate, Nekrasov gives a vivid idea of ​​the deeply tragic circumstances of the life of a peasant woman and the entire working peasantry in "liberated" Russia.

The compositional structure of the chapter (gradual escalation of dramatic situations) helps the reader to understand how the character of Matrena Timofeevna develops and strengthens in the struggle with life's difficulties. But for all the typical biography of Matryona Korchagina, there is something in it that distinguishes her from a number of others. After all, Matryona was denounced as a lucky woman, the whole district knows about her! The impression of unusualness, originality, vital uniqueness of fate and, most importantly, the originality of her nature is achieved by the introduction of the chapter "Governor". How not a lucky woman, whose son the governor herself baptized! There is something to marvel at the fellow villagers ... But even more surprising (already for the reader!) Is Matryona herself, who, not wanting to bow to fate, is sick, pregnant, runs at night to an unknown city, “reaches” the governor’s wife and saves her husband from recruitment . The plot situation of the head of the “Governor” reveals the strong-willed character, determination of the heroine, as well as her sensitive heart for good: the sympathetic attitude of the governor evokes in her a feeling of deep gratitude, in excess of which Matryona praises the kind lady Elena Alexandrovna.

However, Nekrasov is far from the idea that "the secret of people's contentment" lies in the lord's philanthropy. Even Matryona understands that philanthropy is powerless before the inhuman laws of the existing social order (“peasant / Orders are endless ...”) and ironically over her nickname “lucky”. While working on the chapter "The Governor", the author, obviously, sought to make the impact of the meeting with the governor's wife on the further fate of the heroine less significant. In the draft versions of the chapter, it was indicated that Matryona, thanks to the intercession of the governor's wife, happened to help out her fellow villagers, that she received gifts from her benefactor. In the final text, Nekrasov omitted these points.

Initially, the chapter about Matryona Korchagina was called "The Governor". Apparently, not wanting to give the episode with the governor too of great importance, Nekrasov gives the chapter a different, broadly generalizing name - "Peasant Woman", and the story about the meeting of Matryona with the governor's wife (it is needed to emphasize the unusual fate of the heroine) pushes back, makes the penultimate plot episode of the chapter. As the final chord of the confession of the peasant woman Korchagina, there is a bitter "woman's parable" about the lost "keys to women's happiness", a parable expressing the people's view of women's fate:

Keys to female happiness

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!

To remember this full of hopelessness legend, told by a passing wanderer, Matryona is forced by the bitter experience of her own life.

And you - for happiness stuck your head!

It's a shame, well done! —

she throws with a reproach to the strangers.

The legend of the happiness of the peasant woman Korchagina has been dispelled. However, with the entire content of the chapter "Peasant Woman" Nekrasov tells the contemporary reader how and where to look for the lost keys. Not “keys to female happiness” ... There are no such special, “female” keys for Nekrasov, the fate of a peasant woman for him is inextricably linked with the fate of the entire working peasantry, the issue of women’s liberation is only part of the general issue of the struggle for the liberation of the entire Russian people from social oppression and lawlessness.

There are a lot of heroes in the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia". Some of them pass by. They are mentioned in passing. For others, the author spared no space and time. They are presented in detail and comprehensively.

The image and characterization of Matrena Korchagina in the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” is one of such characters. Women's happiness - that's what the wanderers wanted to find in Matryona.

Biography of the main female character

Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina grew up in a family of simple peasants. When she meets the wanderers, she is only 38 years old, but for some reason she calls herself an "old woman". So quickly flies the life of a peasant woman. God gave the woman children - she has 5 sons. One (first-born) died. Why are only sons born? Probably, this is a belief in the appearance in Russia of a new generation of heroes, honest and strong as a mother.

According to Matryona, she was happy only in the father's family. They took care of her, guarded her sleep, did not force her to work. The girl appreciated the care of her relatives, answered them with kindness and labor. Songs at the wedding, lamentations over the bride and the crying of the girl herself are folklore that conveys the reality of life.

Things have changed in my husband's family. There were so many sufferings that not every woman could endure them. At night, Matrena shed tears, during the day she spread like grass, her head was lowered, anger hid in her heart, but accumulated. A woman understands that everyone lives like that. Philip treats Matryona well. But distinguish good life from cruelty it is difficult: he flogs his wife with a whip until she bleeds, goes to work, leaves her alone with her children in a hated family. The girl does not require much attention to herself: a silk scarf and sleigh rides return her to cheerful singing.

The vocation of a Russian peasant woman is to raise children. She becomes a real heroine, courageous and strong. Grief is on the heels. The first son - Demushka dies. Grandfather Savely could not save him. The authorities mock the mother. They torment the body of a child in front of her eyes, the pictures of horror remain in her memory for life. Another son gave a sheep to a hungry she-wolf. Matryona protected the boy, standing in his place for punishment. Mother's love is strong:

"To whom to endure, so mothers!".

Korchagina came to the defense of her husband. The pregnant woman went to the governor with a request not to take him into the soldiers.

The appearance of a woman

Nekrasov describes Matryona with love. He recognizes her beauty and amazing attractiveness. Some features for the modern reader are not characteristic of beauty, but this only confirms how attitudes towards appearance have changed over the centuries:

• "impressive" figure;
• "wide" back;
• "dense" body;
• Holmogory cow.

Most of the characteristics are a manifestation of the tenderness of the author. Beautiful dark hair with gray hair, large expressive eyes with the "richest" lush eyelashes, dark skin. Ruddy cheeks and clear eyes. What bright epithets are chosen by those around for Matryona:

• "written kralechka";
• "filling berry";
• "good ... comely";
• "white face".
• The woman is neat in her clothes: a white cotton shirt, a short embroidered sundress.

Matryona's character

The main character trait is diligence. Since childhood, Matrena loves work and does not hide from it. She knows how to put haystacks, ruffle flax, thresh on the barn. The woman's household is large, but she does not complain. She gives all the strength that she received from God to work.

Other features of the Russian beauty:

Frankness: telling the wanderers her fate, she does not embellish or hide anything.

Sincerity: a woman does not prevaricate, she opens her whole destiny from her youth, shares her experiences and "sinful" deeds.

Love of freedom: the desire to be free and free remains in the soul, but the rules of life change the character, make one be secretive.

Courage: often a woman has to become a "brash woman." She is punished, but "arrogance and obstinacy" remain.

Loyalty: the wife is devoted to her husband, in all situations strives to be honest and faithful.

Honesty: Matryona herself leads an honest life and teaches her sons to be like that. She asks them neither to steal nor to cheat.

Female sincerely believes in God. She prays and consoles herself. It becomes easier for her in conversations with the Mother of God.

Happiness Matryona

Wanderers are sent to Korchagina because of the nickname - the governor's wife. Rarely could anyone from a simple peasant woman become famous in the district with such a title. But did the nickname bring true happiness? No. The people slandered her as a lucky woman, but this is only one case in the life of Matryona. Courage and perseverance returned her husband to the family, life became easier. The children no longer had to go to beg in the villages, but it is impossible to say that Korchagina is happy. Matrena understands this and tries to explain to the peasants: among the Russians ordinary women there are no happy ones, and there cannot be. God Himself denied them this - he lost the keys to joy and will. Her wealth is lakes of tears. The tests were supposed to break the peasant woman, the soul was supposed to become callous. The poem is different. Matryona does not die either spiritually or physically. She continues to believe that there are keys to female happiness. She rejoices every day and admires men. She cannot be considered happy, but no one dares to call her unhappy either. She is a real Russian peasant woman, independent, beautiful and strong.

The image of Matryona Timofeevna, a Russian peasant woman, is surprisingly realistic and vivid. In it, the author combined all the qualities and features characteristic of Russian women - representatives of this segment of the population. In many ways, the fate of this heroine is similar to the fate of other peasant women in Russia.

Years of living in a family

Matrena Timofeevna was born into a large family. The first years of her life were truly happy. Matryona will often remember the carefree time when she was surrounded by the care and love of her parents. However, peasant children grow up very quickly. As soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything. The games were gradually forgotten, as there was less time left for them, the peasant hard work came out on top. But still, youth takes its toll, and the girl found time to relax even after a hard day's work.

The life of Matrena Timofeevna in her husband's house

Matrena Timofeevna recalls her youth. This heroine was hardworking, pretty, active. Such is the image of Matryona Timofeevna in This peasant woman, which is not surprising, was looked at by many guys. But then a betrothed appeared, and the girl's parents give our heroine in marriage to him. The new position means the end of the free and free life of Matryona Timofeevna. She will now live in a strange family, in which the attitude towards this one is far from the best. Giving her daughter in marriage, the mother worries about her fate, grieves for her. The parent understands perfectly well all the upcoming hardships of life, which are destined to fall to the lot of her beloved Matryona. No one in a strange family will show concern for the girl, the husband himself will also never stand up for his wife.

Difficult relationship with husband and family

Matryona Timofeevna shares sad thoughts. He did not want to change the free life in his own home for an unfamiliar, alien family. This heroine understood from the very first days of living in a new environment how hard it would be for her now.

Relationships with sisters-in-law, mother-in-law and father-in-law were very difficult. Matryona in new family had to work hard, while not hearing good word to your address. But even in this difficult life, the peasant woman had simple, uncomplicated joys: her husband gave her a silk scarf, gave her a ride on a sleigh ...

The relationship between the heroine of interest to us and her husband was not at all cloudless. The husband at that time had the right to beat his wife if something in her behavior did not suit him. At the same time, no one will take the side of the girl, on the contrary, in the family of the spouse, all relatives will only be happy to look at the suffering of Matryona Timofeevna.

Birth of the first child

The life of this peasant woman after marriage became difficult. Gray, monotonous, similar to each other days dragged on: quarrels, hard work, reproaches from relatives ... But a peasant woman has angelic patience. She endures all hardships without complaining. The event that turned her life around is the birth of a child. Through it, the image of Matryona Timofeevna is revealed more clearly. Now this woman is no longer so embittered because her love for the baby pleases and warms.

baby death

The peasant woman's joy at the birth of her son did not last long. A lot of time and effort is taken away by work in the field, and here a baby is still in her arms. At first, this heroine took him to the field with her. But then the mother-in-law began to reproach her, since it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And the poor woman was forced to leave her baby with grandfather Savely. Once this old man overlooked - and the child died.

Tragic events after the death of a baby

His death was for our heroine terrible tragedy. But the peasants have to put up with the fact that their children often die. For Matryona, this death turned out to be a difficult test because the child was the firstborn. For all the troubles, the police, the camp officer and the doctor come to the village, who accuse the peasant woman of having killed the child in collusion with grandfather Saveliy, a former convict. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to perform an autopsy, so that she can bury the child without scolding the body. But no one listens to the peasant woman. From what happened, she almost

Mother stands up for her son

The death of a child and other hardships of peasant life are not able to break this woman. The image of Matrena Timofeevna is an example of perseverance and patience. Time passes, every year her children are born. And the peasant woman continues to live, to do her hard work, to raise children. The most important thing that a peasant woman possesses is love for children. Matryona Timofeevna, whose characteristics are presented in our article, is ready for anything, just to protect her children. This is evidenced by the episode when Fedot, her son, wanted to be punished for an offense. Throws herself at the feet of the landowner, Matryona, who was passing by, so that he would help save the boy from punishment. He orders Fedot to be released, and the "daring woman" to be punished.

Matrena Timofeevna saves her husband from recruitment

Why does this peasant woman have to endure punishment? Only for the love for children that knows no boundaries, for the willingness to sacrifice oneself for the sake of others. This readiness is manifested in the way Matrena Timofeevna rushes to the defense of her husband, who is expected to be recruited. She manages to get to the governor's wife and ask her for help. She frees Philip from recruitment.

Another young girl is Matryona Timofeevna, but she has already had to go through a lot. This is the death of a son, and beatings, and reproaches, and a time of hunger.

Can Matryona Timofeevna be called happy?

One cannot call a happy peasant woman, who was Matryona Timofeevna, in any way. The characterization of this heroine is entirely based on the struggle with misfortunes. All the difficult trials and difficulties that fall to her lot can lead a person not only to spiritual death, but also to physical, break him. This is often what happens. Rarely does a peasant woman live long. Often these women die in the prime of their lives. The lines that tell about the life of this heroine are not easy to read. But at the same time, one cannot help but admire this woman, her mental strength. After all, this heroine went through many different trials and at the same time was not broken, which Nekrasov shows us.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. This woman at the same time appears patient, hardy, strong and caring, loving, tender. She is forced to cope on her own with the troubles and difficulties that fall to the lot of the family, and not wait for help from anyone.

However, despite this, Matrena Timofeevna finds the strength to work, live, continue to enjoy the modest joys that sometimes fall to the lot of this woman. And let her honestly admit that it is impossible to call her happy, this woman does not fall into the sin of despondency for a minute. In the struggle for survival, she manages to emerge victorious.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna was briefly considered by us. You can talk about this woman for a very long time. She is admired. The third part of the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" is dedicated to this woman. Korchagina Matrena Timofeevna, whose image was presented in our article, is described in some detail in the work. You can turn to Nekrasov's poem and get to know this peasant woman better.

Yasyreva Anastasia

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Slides captions:

"…To me
happiness in the girls fell out:
We had a good
Non-drinking family.
For father, for mother,
Like Christ in the bosom,
I lived
well done…”
"…Yes
no matter how I run them
And the betrothed turned up,
On the mountain - a stranger!
Philip Korchagin -
Petersburger
,
By skill
baker…”
Life before marriage
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
"WITH
big gray mane,
Tea, not cut for twenty years,
With a big beard
Grandpa looked like a bear
Especially from the forest
Bending down, he left.
Grandpa has an arched back, -
At first I was afraid
Like in a low hill
He entered. well straighten out?
will punch a hole
bear
In the light of the head
!»
Savely - branded
but not a slave!
"Family
was the biggest
Grumpy... I got it
From girlish holi to hell
!»
Life in a new family

Slides captions:

"How
written was
Demushka

Beauty
taken from
sunshine...
Whole
anger from the soul, my handsome
Driven away with an angelic smile,
Like the spring sun
Drives snow from the fields
...»
Birth of a child
Death
Demushki
His
death was too hard for her.
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
“
Keys to women's happiness
,
From
our free will
Abandoned
, lost
At
God himself!”
Life of Matrena Timofeevna
is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.
Love to
children, to your family
- this is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything, just to protect her
kids and her husband.

Preview:

The image of Matryona Timofeevna (based on the poem by N. A. Nekrasov “Who should live well in Russia”)

The image of a simple Russian peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly bright and realistic. In this image, Nekrasov combined all the features and qualities characteristic of Russian peasant women. And the fate of Matrena Timofeevna is in many ways similar to the fate of other women.

Matrena Timofeevna was born into a large peasant family. The very first years of life were truly happy. All her life, Matryona Timofeevna remembers this carefree time, when she was surrounded by the love and care of her parents. But peasant children grow up very quickly. Therefore, as soon as the girl grew up, she began to help her parents in everything. Gradually, the games were forgotten, there was less and less time for them, and hard peasant work took the first place. But youth still takes its toll, and even after a hard day's work, the girl found time to relax.

Matrena Timofeevna recalls her youth. She was pretty, hardworking, active. It's no wonder the boys were looking at her. And then the betrothed appeared, for whom the parents give Matrena Timofeevna in marriage. Marriage means that now the free and free life of the girl is over. Now she will live in a strange family, where she will not be treated in the best way.

Matrena Timofeevna shares her sad thoughts. She did not want to change her free life in her parents' house for life in a strange, unfamiliar family.

From the very first days in her husband's house, Matrena Timofeevna realized how hard it would be for her now. Relations with the father-in-law, mother-in-law and sister-in-law were very difficult, in the new family Matryona had to work hard, and at the same time no one said a kind word to her. However, even in such a difficult life that the peasant woman had, there were simple and simple joys. The relationship between Matryona Timofeevna and her husband did not always develop smoothly. A husband has the right to beat his wife if something does not suit him in her behavior. And no one will stand up for the poor thing, on the contrary, all relatives in the husband's family will only be happy to look at her suffering.

Such was the life of Matrena Timofeevna after marriage. The days dragged on monotonous, gray, surprisingly similar to each other: hard work, quarrels and reproaches from relatives. But a peasant woman has truly angelic patience, therefore, without complaining, she endures all the hardships that have fallen to her lot. The birth of a child is the event that turns her whole life upside down. Now the woman is not so embittered at the whole wide world, love for the baby warms and pleases her.

The joy of a peasant woman from the birth of her son did not last long. Work in the field requires a lot of effort and time, and then there is a baby in her arms. At first, Matrena Timofeevna took the child with her into the field. But then the mother-in-law began to reproach her, because it is impossible to work with a child with full dedication. And poor Matryona had to leave the baby with grandfather Savely. Once the old man overlooked - and the child died.

The death of a child is a terrible tragedy. But peasants have to put up with the fact that very often their children die. However, this is Matryona's first child, so his death turned out to be too difficult a test for her. And then there is an additional misfortune - the police come to the village, the doctor and the camp officer accuse Matryona of having killed the child in collusion with the former convict grandfather Saveliy. Matryona Timofeevna begs not to do an autopsy in order to bury the child without desecration of the body But no one listens to the peasant woman. She almost goes crazy from everything that happened.

All the hardships of a difficult peasant life, the death of a child still cannot break Matryona Timofeevna. Time passes, she has children every year. And she continues to live, raise her children, do hard work. Love for children is the most important thing that a peasant woman has, so Matrena Timofeevna is ready for anything to protect her beloved children. This is evidenced by an episode when they wanted to punish her son Fedot for an offense.

Matryona throws herself at the feet of a passing landowner to help save the boy from punishment. And the landowner said:

“Guardian of a minor

By youth, by stupidity

Forgive ... but a daring woman

Approximately punish!”

Why did Matrena Timofeevna suffer punishment? For my boundless love to their children, for their willingness to sacrifice themselves for the sake of others. Readiness for self-sacrifice is also manifested in the way Matryona rushes to seek salvation for her husband from recruitment. She manages to get to the place and ask for help from the governor, who really helps Philip free himself from recruitment.

Matrena Timofeevna is still young, but she has already had to endure a lot, a lot. She had to endure the death of a child, a time of hunger, reproaches and beatings. She herself says what the holy wanderer told her:

“The keys to female happiness,

From our free will

abandoned, lost

God himself!”

Indeed, a peasant woman can by no means be called happy. All the difficulties and difficult trials that fall on her lot can break and lead a person to death, not only spiritual, but also physical. Very often this is exactly what happens. The life of a simple peasant woman is rarely long, very often women die in the prime of life. It is not easy to read the lines that tell about the life of Matryona Timofeevna. Nevertheless, one cannot help but admire the spiritual strength of this woman, who endured so many trials and was not broken.

The image of Matrena Timofeevna is surprisingly harmonious. The woman appears at the same time strong, hardy, patient and gentle, loving, caring. She has to cope on her own with the difficulties and troubles that fall to the lot of her family, Matryona Timofeevna does not see help from anyone.

But, despite all the tragic that a woman has to endure, Matrena Timofeevna causes genuine admiration. After all, she finds in herself the strength to live, work, continues to enjoy those modest joys that from time to time fall to her lot. And let her honestly admit that she cannot be called happy in any way, she does not fall into the sin of despondency for a minute, she continues to live.

The life of Matrena Timofeevna is a constant struggle for survival, and she manages to emerge victorious from this struggle.

Slides captions:

"Not
everything between men
Find a happy
Let's feel the woman
!»
“...
we don't like that
And there is in the village of Klin:
Holmogory cow,
Not a woman!
wiser
And more ironically - there is no woman.
Ask Korchagina
Matryona Timofeevna,
She is the Governor
...»
N. A. Nekrasov
Who lives well in Russia
Chapter "Peasant Woman"
"It's not your business!
Now it's time for work
Leisure to interpret
?..
At
an ear is pouring down on us,
Not enough hands, dear."
"And what are we, godfather?
Come on sickles! All seven
How will we become tomorrow - by evening
We will burn all your rye
!...
BUT
give us your soul!"
"I won't hide anything!"
"Matryona
Timofeevna
portly
female,
Wide
and
dense
Years
thirty
axles
.
beautiful
; gray hair,
Eyes
big, strict
Eyelashes
the richest
Surov
and swarthy
.
On the
her shirt
white,
Yes
sundress short
,
Yes
sickle through
shoulder."
The appearance of the heroine