Child development in the first month: skills, abilities, proper care. What a baby can do in the first month of his life What a baby can do in a month
Almost all young mothers remember their return from the hospital something like this: “I put the baby in the crib and realized with horror that I didn’t know what to do next ...”. The first month of a child's life is a kind of "baptism of fire" of young parents.
Mom and baby first day at home
The stress of the first days, when the parents were left alone with the child, should be kept to a minimum. For this:
- Postpone all other matters not related to the adaptation of the child and family to new living conditions. Other things can wait!
- In the early days, minimize visits to strangers (colleagues, neighbors, friends). While in the maternity hospital, the baby and mother were in a stressful situation: the baby, being born, adapted to new living conditions, and the mother experienced strong emotions - from incredible pain, fear, anxiety to peace and happiness. Therefore, once at home, both are in dire need of care, comfort and attention.
- On the first day of return, it is important for both the mother and the child to maintain the baby's feeding and sleeping patterns established in the maternity hospital.
- It is now that the mother will need the experience and skills in caring for a child that she received in the maternity hospital.
Don't be afraid if...
And now the baby is at home, and parents have the opportunity to be constantly nearby and watch him. And here anxiety may arise: many small pimples have appeared on the nose and forehead, the complexion is red or yellowish, flaky skin has appeared, the arms and legs are bluish in color. Sometimes parents notice that the child's eyes seem to "run in different directions", uncoordinated or begin to "mow". Anxiety is caused by the periodic crying of the child, and without the appearance of tears.
Yes, in fact, a newborn baby in the first month may have all these signs, but over time they will pass. This is the adaptation of the child to new conditions after intrauterine stay.
A normal complexion will appear within a week, and tears in babies in 3-4 weeks.
Do not be afraid if the head of the newborn has a somewhat deformed shape. This is due to its passage through the birth canal. Over time, the head will take on a normal shape, for which it is enough to periodically turn the baby from one side to the other during sleep.
Crying is not always a manifestation of a painful condition. By crying, the child attracts attention to himself, asks for food, indicates discomfort and a desire to sleep. Literally, in a week, the mother will perfectly learn to recognize the requirements of the baby, transmitted through crying ().
Often a baby cries due to anxiety due to the so-called intestinal colic, so we strongly recommend that you read the article? Due to colic, many mothers simply go crazy and do not understand, well, what worries their baby so much.
Also, the baby can be disturbed by gaziki:
IMPORTANT! We have prepared an article for you about the most common ailments of newborns -
Baby care
The first month of a child's life is an adaptation period that the newborn and the family go through. At the same time, there is a redistribution of responsibilities between parents and the rhythm of life of the whole family changes.
The most important and important thing that a baby needs now is care. It includes a number of procedures:
- Feeding;
- wakefulness;
- Bathing;
- Hygiene;
- Walks on the street;
- Hardening and massage.
Video: Baby care in the first days of life
Whether to set the mode to the child
A healthy child will establish the "sleep-feeding-wake" mode independently, depending on his physiology. Sleep (up to 2-3 hours), wakefulness (30-60 minutes) and feeding are the main "work" of the newborn. Do not worry if the baby does not fall asleep, as you think, on time. The fact is that the biorhythms in newborns are so clearly debugged that parents can only maintain this rhythm, and having studied the behavior of the baby, they will very easily be able to recognize the "requirements" of the child. By the end of the second month of life, the crumbs will form their own daily routine.
When to take your first bath
Bathing a newborn can be done after the umbilical cord falls off and the umbilical wound heals. Up to this point, it is better to wipe the child, having previously prepared everything you need: warm water, a changing table, cotton balls, baby soap, wrapping diapers, creams and powders.
The bathing regimen in the first month of life is chosen by the parents themselves. The condition of the skin of the child does not require daily bathing. This is, in most cases, a pleasant procedure for a newborn. However, not all children like to swim. In this case, carry out daily rubdowns. Bathing is enough 2-3 times a week. You can add herbal infusions to the water. The use of soap is also determined individually, based on the sensitivity of the baby's skin.
Mandatory hygiene procedures
Hygiene procedures should be carried out daily. This includes:
- washing;
- Washing;
- Care for eyes, nose, ears;
- skin examination;
- If necessary, processing the navel ();
- Combing;
- Removal of seborrheic crusts on the head;
- Trim nails on fingers and toes.
We read on the topic of hygiene and care:
Video: newborn hygiene: ears, eyes, nose, skin
The pediatrician tells why you can’t use cotton buds when you clean your baby’s ears, how to choose a nozzle pump, how to clean the baby’s head from seborrheic crusts, how to cut nails and clean the nose and ears. How to take care of baby's skin from the first days? And how to cut nails, which scissors to choose, how to clean the eyes of a child, and what to do when a newborn has snot.
Walking and tempering procedures are the key to health
Walking is essential for the development of a healthy baby. The newborn took the first breath of air on leaving the hospital. In the future, walks will depend on the time of year and the temperature outside.
The system of regulation of heat exchange in newborns is imperfect, so parents need to seriously approach the issue of walking in the cold season. In some cases, it makes sense to take the child out onto the balcony for a few minutes, or arrange for him to sleep with the window open.
Until the end of sleep, the room should be warmed to normal temperature (). Naturally, the child for such "walks" must be appropriately dressed. Dress and cover the child as you would dress and add another layer (for example, an extra blanket or blouse).
From the second week of life you can start, hardening and by combining this in one procedure. To begin with, the baby can be left in the vest for literally 1 minute, making light strokes all over the body. If the child does not show dissatisfaction, this should become a daily routine. Massage serves as a strengthening and developing means for the muscles.
Observe the child, study his behavior and in the future you will “feel” and easily understand him.
Reflexes of a healthy baby in the first month of life
The fact that the development of the child in the first month of life occurs in accordance with established standards, parents can check at home themselves. Below are the main reflexes inherent in healthy newborn babies.
- Grasping - the child reflexively grasps and holds what touches his palm.
- Searching and sucking - if you touch the baby's cheek or draw a nipple around the lip area, the baby turns the head and makes a sucking movement with his lips, looking for the breast.
- If you press lightly in the area of \u200b\u200bthe toes of the foot, the fingers will bend, and if you lightly press on the heel, the fingers will disperse in a “fan” and the baby will move his foot.
- There is a reaction to a loud sound - the baby brings and spreads the arms and legs.
- Swimming reflex - if the baby is placed on the tummy, he makes movements similar to swimming.
- Imitation of walking - if the child is placed vertically and the legs are supported, he will make movements similar to walking.
Video: Newborn reflexes
Reflexes of newborns. Tselekhovich Olga Petrovna - a doctor of the highest category tells what basic unconditioned reflexes should be normal in infants.
1) 0.10 - basic unconditioned reflexes of newborns,
2) 0.15 - newborn tone,
3) 0.40 - reaction to an adult who is nearby,
4) 0.48 - external examination of the baby's head,
5) 1.07 - tremor in infants,
6) 1.24 - fontanel in newborns,
7) 1.49 - symmetry of the folds in infants,
8) 1.57 - sucking reflex,
9) 2.40 - grasping reflex,
10) 2.49 - Babkin reflex,
11) 3.07 - plantar reflex,
12 3.47 - support reflex,
13) 3.55 - walking reflex,
14) 4.30 - crawling reflex,
15) 4.44 - protective reflex of turning the head to the side,
16) 5.15 - Moro reflex,
17 5.35 - sneeze reflex,
Reactions and skills of the child
The development of a child in the first month of life seems to occur imperceptibly, but constantly: when feeding, on walks, during moments of wakefulness, while bathing. And, first of all, when communicating with the mother, whom the baby is already beginning to recognize. He hears her voice, feels the intonation, the touch of her hands and, most importantly, is very sensitive to all actions. And if we trace the development of the child of the first month, then we can determine the acquired reactions and skills of the newborn, namely:
- Defines the mother's voice;
- It can lie on its stomach for a short time, raising its head, and trying to hold it ();
- Learns to fix the gaze on the subject;
- Listens when he hears a familiar voice ();
- Begins to follow with his eyes the movement of the rattle and turn the head behind it ();
- During wakefulness, the first sounds appear, sniffling, groaning;
- The child starts to hum (); A complete calendar of child development in one article “development up to a year by months” -
Infancy is considered a difficult period. There is a table of child development, which states how long it takes to wait for certain signs of development.
The baby is considered a newborn for the first 40 days after birth. Table of average parametric values in the first month and up to 40 days after birth.
The baby sleeps up to 40 days about 20 hours a day. When the baby sleeps, his legs are pressed against the tummy.
In the first weeks, the child has the necessary innate reflexes for further development.
A month old baby already reacts to sound and bright light. He manages to fix his attention on a bright object only after the third week. By the end of the 4th week, a monthly baby can not only hold the head, but also turns it.
In the first days after discharge, mothers often worry about the question of how long children are swaddled. Children are usually swaddled up to 40 days. It is believed that at this time they have little control over their movements and wake themselves during sleep. After 40 days, only the legs are swaddled.
Second month of child development
By the 40th day after birth, the baby begins to examine toys, follows their movement. At two months, he can already distinguish night from day. During the day, the child begins to wake up more time.
A child at two months old, if put on its side, will be able to turn on its back. When a mother talks to a child, he begins to smile in response.
Games should be aimed at developing attention. You can arrange a small puppet show. Put a toy that squeaks in the hands of the baby, hang toys over the bed so that his hands and legs can reach them.
Features of the third month of life
When someone is talking, the child frowns if the voice is stern and begins to smile if the intonation is affectionate. When they start talking to him, he joyfully makes sounds, waves his arms and legs (revitalization complex). If you hold him by the handles, he tries to put his legs on the surface. He likes to sit on the hands of adults, while he must hold his head.
The revitalization complex in children under one year of age occurs in response not only to their mother's smile, but also at the sight of a toy, the sounds of their favorite music, after eating. By the end of this period, he can already rub his eyes with his hands, examine his fingers.
It is believed that at this age you can put the child on his feet. If the children are in a good mood, or they are talking to the child, then he begins to walk.
They conduct classes on a large ball (you can roll it in different directions), you can lay out toys in front of the baby so that the child shows a desire to reach out to them, you can put bright socks on his arms and legs or hang bells.
Features of the fourth month of life
At four months after birth, two daytime sleeps are established. The daily routine includes about 6 feedings. The first attempts of the child to sit on their own appear. By the end of the month, he can sit with support. When the baby is held by the handles, he can confidently put his legs, steps over them. Begins to learn to roll over from back to tummy.
During the game, examines, feels toys. A child at four months begins to distinguish colors and shapes of objects. Classes with the baby can be carried out using musical toys. Paper is offered that can be torn or kneaded (development of fine motor skills).
Fifth month of life
The baby should grab toys that hang over the crib, roll over on their own from their back to their tummy, and show a desire to sit. When he is held by the handles, he confidently begins to put his legs.
Classes are aimed at developing motor skills (you can give balls with different surfaces), children like hide-and-seek ("cuckoo"), we should not forget about massage and rhymes.
Features of the sixth month of a child's life
The kid must clearly pronounce syllables. At this age, he is better at sitting, but still with support. The child can play for a long time - he is interested in toys. Favorite toys and books appear. Developing activities may include games for opening and closing objects, patties, toys with pressing any buttons.
Features of the seventh month of life
Leaning on the palms and knees, the children begin to crawl well. But not all children go through this stage of development, some immediately begin to walk. They can easily turn from back to tummy and vice versa.
He loves hide-and-seek, when they ask the question “Where?”, The baby directs his gaze towards the found object. A 7-month-old baby should be able to grab toys in any position. Can transfer a toy from one hand to another.
Classes include games with musical instruments (drum, hammer), games with cereals, books, cubes will attract attention.
Development in the eighth month of life
The kid repeats the studied movements after an adult, knows how to sit without support, sits down, stands up, holding on to a support, walks along the side.
Classes include games: picking up a pyramid, folding cubes, the child is able to perform reverse and direct actions. Favorite games can be "Ladushki", hide and seek, picking up nesting dolls. The child can sit alone for a long time, playing with toys. To the question "Where?" the child points with his finger.
By this time, the baby is so attached to his mother that he begins to experience a short separation from her hard, especially if he is breastfed.
Ninth month of life
The child identifies himself, knows his name and responds to it, performs various actions with objects, can drink from a mug. The skill of walking is being improved, while still with support.
When there is no object on the way to hold on to, the baby switches to crawling.
10 month baby development
At 10 months, the baby should be able to repeat movements, sounds, syllables after an adult. At this time, he manages to firmly put his feet on the floor, he can take a few steps. It is believed that it is impossible to put children on legs up to 10 months, since their spine is not fully formed.
At 10 months, fine motor skills develop - the baby can hold objects with two fingers. He collects toys in a box, takes them out, learns to assemble the pyramid correctly.
Eleventh month of life
Designation words appear in speech (av-av - dog, bi-bi - car), the baby can show how to lay the doll, finds eyes, a nose at the proposed image, begins to walk independently. He still does not always succeed in placing his legs correctly, so he often falls.
The first games with a doll appear. All your emotions are lived in her image. Children 10-11 months old in the picture in the book easily find familiar images and designate them with a word (doll - lala, duck - ha-ha). Recognize themselves in the photographs.
twelfth month
The baby's vocabulary expands to 10 words, he sits, walks, gets up on his own, must be able to follow simple instructions.
There is such a thing as a crisis in children of the first year of life or a crisis of independence.
The crisis of one year has the following features:
- behavior worsens: stubbornness, persistence, disobedience appear;
- behavior is characterized by the emergence of new ways of solving a particular situation;
- behavior with contradictions (asks for one thing, in the end he needs another).
At what age skills begin to appear in children under one year old, the table will help to figure it out.
Age, months Main achievement 1 Lying on the stomach, raises the chin 2 Lying on the stomach, raises the chest 3 Tries to grab a toy 4 Begins to sit with assistance 5 Likes to sit, grabs objects 6 Can sit at his own chair 7 sits down by himself 8 Worth with help 9 Standing holding on to a support 10 crawls well 11 Walks with assistance 12 First steps
No less important is the speech development of children up to a year. The table shows the features of its development by months.
Important questions about one year of age
A breastfed baby gains weight more slowly than a formula-fed baby. On average, the difference will be about 400 grams.
The table clearly shows how weight and height gain occurs in children under one year old.
Age, months Increase in height, cm Weight gain, g 1 3-4 700 2 3,5 800 3 2-3 850 4 2-3 800 5 2-3 750 6 2-3 650 7 2-3 600 8 2-3 500 9 1-2 450 10 1-2 400 11 1-2 350 12 1-2 300 The peculiarity is that the child gains in height and weight not slowly, but in jumps. These periods cause changes in the emotional sphere of the baby, and his behavior also changes. He becomes capricious, constantly asking for hands. The problems are related to the fact that as they grow, muscles and ligaments begin to stretch, and this causes discomfort to the child.
The crisis associated with a jump in height and weight falls on the following periods of child development up to a year:
- the end of the 3rd week;
- 6-8 weeks;
- end of 3rd, 6th and 9th months.
Sometimes parents experience difficulties associated with raising and caring for a baby. It is especially difficult for those whose children are breastfed. A nanny for an infant will help care for and eliminate problems that arise in the first months.
The duties of a nanny include looking after the baby when there are no parents nearby, going to the clinic, walking on the street, cooking, keeping the child's body clean.
If the baby is breastfed, there may be problems with a lack of milk. Lactation crisis in the first months of breastfeeding occurs in all women. The most common breastfeeding crisis occurs at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. Lasts from 3 to 7 days.
Signs that determine the crisis during breastfeeding: the child's behavior becomes nervous, he cries and is naughty near the breast, there is no feeling of breast filling.
Problems of this kind with breastfeeding are most often associated with the fact that as the baby grows, he needs more nutrients. A woman's body needs several days (a maximum of a week) for milk to begin to be produced in sufficient quantities.
Clothing Options
To understand what sizes of clothes for children, the table will help.
Sizes of tights for children are selected according to the height of the child. To figure out what sizes of tights you need to select, the following table will help.
Height, cm Foot size, cm 50-56 7 56-62 8 62-68 9 68-74 9-10 74-80 11-12 cm 80-86 12-13 Sizes for caps are removed from the head as follows: a centimeter tape is located along the eyebrows, above the ears and along the back of the head.
The table will clearly help you figure out what sizes of hats are suitable for a particular month of child development.
Age, months Head size, cm boys Girls 0 34-35 34 1 37 36 2 39 38 3 40 39 4 41-42 40-41 5 42-44 41-42 6 43-44 42-43 7 44-45 43-44 8 45 43-44 9 45-46 44-45 10 46 45 11 46-47 45-46 12 46-47 45-46 Proper care of the child will ensure its harmonious development.
The first four weeks after birth is a difficult and very responsible period. Helpless at birth, the child gets used to external unfamiliar conditions. The adaptation period does not pass unnoticed, the baby already knows and knows a lot by the end of the first month.
Physical development
- A month-old baby forgets about the position of the embryo, and even though his movements are still chaotic, he is able to actively move, wave his limbs. Regularity in movements and coordination will appear a little later, in two or three months.
- By the end of the first four weeks, some babies are able to timidly raise their head while lying on their stomach and hold it upright for a short time.
- When the baby lies on his stomach, he can already raise his ass and head a little. Also, he will probably push off with his heels from the palm substituted at this moment and will be able to move forward a little.
emotional development
- In the first thirty days of life, the baby learned to perfectly distinguish his mother: by her voice, by her special smell, by touch.
- It is common for a one-month-old baby to copy others. Smiling at him, very soon you will receive a conscious smile in return. Moreover, it will be unequivocally intended for you.
- At this age, the baby sees bright things in close proximity. He can focus on a stationary toy for several minutes and follow an object moving in front of his eyes.
- By the end of the first month, the baby is cooing, copying what he hears and responding with incomprehensible sounds if he is spoken to.
- Now he is characterized by a demonstration of mood, depending on the situation - a smile or tears on his face.
- The child develops a directed reaction to sounds, he actively turns his head in the direction where the noise comes from.
It seems that only a month has passed since the moment of birth, and the baby has already mastered so much. Marvelous!
At the end of the first month of life, the physical development of the baby is still rather weak, but motor activity is an integral part of his life, even though he still sleeps 20 hours a day. Some crumbs prefer to see dreams on their backs in the “frog” position - with arms raised up and bent at the elbows, as well as with bent legs, moved apart to the sides. Other children, on the contrary, like to sleep on their tummy, pulling their bent knees to their chest and turning their heads to the side - This is the best position for babies, since their sleep in this state is much calmer, and colic in the stomach occurs much less frequently.
Baby behavior while awake
In a short time of wakefulness, the newborn constantly makes uncoordinated movements with arms and legs, since until almost three months of age, the crumbs' muscles are in hypertonicity. If at this time the baby is placed on his tummy, he will diligently raise his head and try to hold it for several seconds in such a position that he will succeed.
How vision, facial expressions, hearing and speech of the baby develop
Vision and facial expressions
At the end of the first month of life, the baby follows a slowly moving object with his eyes, and if you hang bright toys over his bed, he will try to get them. But most of all, the baby is attracted to the faces of people, so he looks at the face of his mother with pleasure, and then tries to repeat the facial expressions. Already at 2 weeks, the child begins to stick out his tongue, smile and stretch his lips with a tube. Right now, the baby will please his parents with the first conscious smile, which will become an emotional response to the appeal to him.
Hearing
Although in the first 12 months of life, the baby hears the surrounding sounds a little muffled, however, by the end of the fourth week, he not only pays attention to the sounds, but also actively turns his head in all directions, trying to find their source.
Speech
The baby is also good at distinguishing the emotional state of the mother. If she is annoyed or upset about something, he will also be uncomfortable, which he will let you know with the help of crying.
Over time, it will be possible to understand what exactly the baby wants to say with his crying. Hunger, cold or heat, wet diapers, fatigue or pain - for each reason, he has his own sound and timbre of crying. And by the end of the first month of life, the baby begins to make its first sounds - squeaks, snorts, or even imitates syllables.
Read more about when a baby starts talking here.
The development of baby reflexes
In order for the newborn to be more easily prepared for conscious movements, to adapt to the conditions around him and to prepare for conscious movements, nature endowed him with unconditioned reflexes. To properly assess their development, the test should be carried out in a warm room and on a flat surface. The baby should not be hungry, wet and tired.
In the first month of life, a healthy child should have the following reflexes:
- Grasping - the baby grabs and holds the fingers of the parents that were put into his palm.
- Sucking - if a certain object gets into the baby's mouth, he will immediately begin to make sucking movements. A full-term baby is endowed with this reflex immediately at birth, which remains with him throughout the first year of life.
- Protective - thanks to him, the baby in the position - lying on his stomach, immediately turns his head to the side, which allows him to breathe normally.
- Search - if you gently touch the baby's mouth (corner), he will immediately lower his lower lip and begin to intensively search for the breast. A rough touch will cause the opposite reaction - the baby will get angry and turn away in the other direction.
- Crawling - if you put the baby on the tummy and touch the feet, he will try to push off from the adult.
- Palmar-oral - if you gently press on the palm of the child, he will open his mouth and tilt his head slightly.
- Automatic walking - if you raise the baby so that his feet lightly touch a hard surface and at the same time tilt his body forward a little, then he will begin to try to “walk”, moving his legs in the air.
Useful: About the reflexes of newborns.
Basic skills of a baby at the age of 1 month
By the end of the first week, every normally developing baby should have some important skills. In order to notice this, parents should not only care for the child, but also constantly monitor the development.
What can a one month old baby do?:
- Observe slowly moving objects with your eyes;
- Grab a finger or a light, comfortable rattle with a handle;
- Lying on his stomach, the baby can slightly raise and hold his head;
- Make certain vowel sounds;
- Listen to the noise and sound, turn to its source, and also recognize the mother's voice among the rest;
- Twitch at a sharp or loud sound;
- Smile at adults in response to their smile, strokes and affectionate words;
- Fix your gaze on the bowed face.
In order for the newborn to always be in a calm state, it is not recommended to be nervous when communicating with him. Starting from the first days of a baby's life, you need to often take and carry it in your arms. He will hear the beating of the parent's heart, the smell of mother's milk and calm down. Since newborns love to rock, you can rock it in your arms or in a crib.
Be sure to monitor the temperature in the room and humidity. In addition, it should be a comfortable environment. To develop the baby's hearing and speech, you should tell him fairy tales, poems and nursery rhymes, sing songs and turn on calm music. All the actions you perform are required to constantly comment and name the objects that surround you. Thanks to this, the child will begin to try to answer you, will begin to make sounds, and also constantly smile. When talking with a baby, you should always have a good mood.
Tactile sensations for the baby are also important. It is necessary to spread it on the tummy as often as possible, while lightly stroking the baby's back, neck, legs and arms. Bright toys placed in front of him will encourage him to reach forward and make new knowledge.
During the first month of life, the baby learns to behave "correctly", which is clearly seen in his cry. When he begins to call with a loud cry for his mother, who has gone into another room, and she quickly comes, then there is no need to scream anymore.
Do not forget that each child is individual, so if the baby has not learned something in 1 month of life, then you should not be upset. After quite a bit of time, he will catch up with his peers and get the necessary skills and abilities.
Lyudmila Sergeevna Sokolova
Reading time: 29 minutes
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Article last updated: 05/25/2019
So a miracle happened - the long-awaited baby was born! Now mom and dad will need to go through a long and very interesting way of growing up and becoming a person.
What vaccinations are given at 1 month
All organs of the newborn in the first month begin to actively adapt to external life. The task of doctors and parents is to help the baby adapt, protect him from the risk of infection, and form immunity. Here are the vaccinations given in the first month:
- Against viral hepatitis - this vaccine is given in the maternity hospital in the first 12 hours,
- Against tuberculosis (BCG) - during the first 3-7 days,
- Repeatedly against hepatitis B - in 1 month.
Immunization calendar online
Create an individual vaccination schedule for your child using our calculator. You can quickly create a vaccination calendar for your child, for this, specify the date of birth of the child and click the "Display schedule" button.
Vaccination Schedule |
||
| Interval | Graft | Vaccine |
| Hepatitis B | ||
04.01.2019 — 08.01.2019 | Tuberculosis | BCG, BCG-M |
| Hepatitis B | Engerix B, Euwax B, Regevak B | |
| pneumococcal infection | Prevenar | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough | ||
| Polio | ||
| Hemophilus infection | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough | DTP, Pentaxim, Infanrix, Tetraxim | |
| pneumococcal infection | Prevenar | |
| Polio | Pentaxim, Imovax Polio, Poliorix, Tetraxim | |
| Hemophilus infection | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Hepatitis B | Engerix B, Euwax B, Regevak B | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough | DTP, Pentaxim, Infanrix, Tetraxim | |
| Polio | Pentaxim, Imovax Polio, Poliorix, Tetraxim | |
| Hemophilus infection | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Measles, rubella, mumps | Priorix, ZhKV, ZHPV | |
| Hepatitis B | Engerix B, Euwax B, Regevak B | |
| Pneumococcal infection (revaccination) | Pneumo 23, Prevenar | |
| Poliomyelitis (first booster) | Pentaxim, OPV, Imovax Polio, Poliorix, Tetraxim | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (first revaccination) | DTP, Pentaxim, Infanrix, Tetraxim | |
| Haemophilus influenzae (first revaccination) | Pentaxim, Act-HIB, Hiberix | |
| Poliomyelitis (second revaccination) | ||
| Measles, rubella, mumps (revaccination) | Priorix, ZhKV, ZHPV | |
01.01.2025 — 01.01.2026 | Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (second revaccination) | ADS-M Anatoxin |
| Tuberculosis (revaccination) | BCG | |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough (third revaccination) | ADS-M Anatoxin | |
| Poliomyelitis (third revaccination) | OPV, Imovax Polio, Poliorix | |
Which doctors visit per month
In the first month after discharge, the newborn should be visited 2 times by the district pediatrician and 4 times by the nurse. At 1 month old, the baby should be shown to the following doctors:
- ophthalmologist
- orthopedist,
- surgeon
- neurologist.
To exclude unwanted pathologies, it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound scan:
- brain,
- hip joints,
- abdomen,
- kidneys.
Often, all these procedures are carried out in the hospital before discharge. Starting from one month, parents should bring their child to the clinic for a monthly check-up. The baby is weighed, measured, basic reflexes are checked, the heart and lungs are listened to, and the tummy is felt.
Changes in the baby's body in 1 month
During the first month, the following main changes occur in the child's body:
If the crust from the umbilical wound does not disappear by 14–15 days, redness, swelling of the umbilical ring is observed, discharge appears, then you should consult a doctor.
The first month of a newborn's life: daily routine
Childbirth is stressful not only for the mother, but also for the baby. Most of the first month of his life, approximately 18-20 hours, the baby spends in a dream. He wakes up to eat, look around for a bit and goes back to sleep. It is due to this daily regimen that the newborn gains strength in order to please mom and dad with their activity after a little time. When a baby is not sleeping, he is eating.
Dream
There are three main types of sleep in a newborn baby:
- deep sleep - the child's eyes are closed, he breathes slowly and evenly, the baby's body is relaxed;
- shallow sleep - the child's breathing is uneven, rapid, under the eyelids the movement of the eyeballs is different, the arms and legs twitch;
- drowsy state - occurs during the feeding of the baby before the moment of falling asleep and is characterized by half-closed eyelids;
The newborn usually sleeps in the frog position, lying on his back, the arms are bent at the elbows and raised up, the legs are bent at the knees and moved apart to the sides.
Children at this age do not yet understand the time of day. To help the baby get used to the daily cycles, you can moderately control his sleep, not letting him sleep all day, wake the baby up for feeding and bathing procedures. Therefore, silence and darkness must be enforced at night. After a certain amount of time, the child will get used to the fact that the day is the time for activity, the night is the time for sound sleep.
Feeding a newborn
In the first month, the newborn should eat at least 8-9 times a day sucking for every feeding 60 ml milk. The baby is breastfed at the first sign of anxiety, this is called "free feeding" or "feeding on demand". More frequent attachment of the baby to the breast is also one of the main ways to stimulate lactation in mothers, especially in primiparas. In this way, it turns out 10-12 feedings per day.
When sucking, the baby should capture the entire areola. During the first 5-10 minutes of feeding, he usually sucks out the bulk of the milk. But some children quickly get tired and fall asleep, they need to be awakened by gently stroking their cheeks, taking out and putting the nipple back into their mouth.
When sucking along with milk, air is sure to get in, so regurgitation is necessary, it helps the baby get rid of the air accumulated in the stomach.
Spitting up should occur every 5 minutes when breastfeeding and every 50 g when bottle-fed. This is usually done in a vertical position on the mother's shoulder.
Why does a newborn lose weight
In the first days of life, the baby loses weight. Don't worry, this is a completely natural process. When a baby is born, his body contains excess fluid. At the time of birth, the child loses 8-10% of your body weight, only then its mass takes a stable value and begins to increase. Two weeks later, the child restores the body weight recorded when he was born.
Height and weight of a child at 1 month
A newborn in the first month eats well, gains weight and grows rapidly. Its weight increases by approximately 15-30 grams per day, and by the end of the first month the child is gaining about 600-800 grams. The growth of the baby in the first month increases by 2-3 centimeters, the girth of the head and chest - by 1.4 - 1.5 cm.
The norms of the physical development of a child of 1 month of life, see the graphs and tables:
Physical indicators of the development of girls and boys in 1 month:
The table shows the indicators of the norm of growth and weight of the child in 1 month. These are average values. Reasons why your baby's physical development may be very different from the norm:
- Incorrectly chosen method of feeding;
- Problems when feeding a child: his refusal to breastfeed, insufficient lactation of milk, allergies;
- Difficulties during pregnancy and childbirth: for example, a child was born prematurely;
- The presence of a disease in a child that affects the increase in height and weight;
- Heredity (in "small" parents, "large" children are extremely rarely born);
- Ecology;
- The mother has bad habits.
Monthly consultation meetings, which the mother is required to attend, allow specialists to observe changes in the growth and body weight of the baby, this will help parents get rid of unnecessary worries.
If you find significant deviations from the norm, contact your pediatrician to find out the reasons:
- If a child has gained less than average weight, they may not be eating well. In this case, the doctor will recommend adding formula to breastfeeding. If the baby is bottle-fed, it will correct the frequency and volume of milk substitutes.
- Do not rejoice if the baby has added much more than the norm. Subsequently, this can result in obesity and disruption of the normal functioning of organs and systems associated with excess weight! Your pediatrician will help you adjust your newborn baby's feeding schedule.
Abnormalities and colic
1. Increased, decreased muscle tone or asymmetry of muscle tone child: the pediatrician prescribes massage and exercises for the baby, we will talk about them below. In difficult cases, observation by a neurologist is required;
2. Jaundice: in some newborns, it does not go away by a month, in this case, a pediatrician's consultation is required;
3. Colic: bloating, intestinal spasms often occur in the first months in apparently healthy children. How to help a newborn baby with colic? The methods are simple: lightly stroking the tummy clockwise, using a gas outlet tube, laying the baby on the stomach for 3-5 minutes, taking plantex, dill water. All these methods will help to remove gases from the baby's intestines;
4. Insufficient weight gain: it can be associated with both the lack of breast milk in the mother and the illnesses of the baby. In any of these cases, the child must be shown to the doctor.
Baby care at 1 month
Caring for a baby in the first month of his life involves the following procedures:
1. Hygiene procedures,
2. Bathing the baby,
3. Walking,
4. Massage and gymnastics.
Hygiene procedures
- washing the face, eyes, neck;
- washing, diaper change;
- care for eyes, nose, ears;
- daily treatment of the umbilical wound;
- combing and removing crusts on the head;
- cutting nails.
Bathing a newborn after birth
You yourself choose the mode of bathing your baby, we will only clarify that It is enough to bathe a newborn 2-3 times a week, on other days, you must definitely wipe your baby. Add decoctions of herbs of succession or chamomile to the water. Since the skin of the baby is very sensitive, carefully select soap for him, choose a baby soap with a minimum amount of fragrance.
Place the child very carefully in the water,given the high sensitivity of infants to temperature changes. Lowering into the water, start with the heels. If the child cries and is very worried at the first bath, the mother can try to take a bath with him: put the baby on her chest and carefully pour water on him.
You can let the child push off with the legs from the walls of the bath, or, holding the baby under the armpits, leaning forward and stimulating the walking reflex, let the child walk a few steps along the bottom.
Walking with a baby
A common question from parents is how long to walk with a newborn? The time of the first walks with a newborn is no more than 10-15 minutes and gradually increases to 30 minutes. If it is warm outside, then the duration of the walk can reach 1.5 - 2 hours. If the air temperature below 10 degrees or it’s raining, snowing or windy outside, it’s better to refrain from walking with a 1-2 month old baby.
Walks in the cold season should be limited, because. the system of heat exchange regulation in infants is imperfect and it is easy to harm the baby. When the weather is bad outside, you can simply take the dressed baby out to the balcony for a few minutes or leave him to sleep in the stroller with the window open.
Video on how to care for a newborn:
Massage, gymnastics and air baths
Periodically, the baby should lie on the stomach. This position of the baby minimizes the likelihood of constipation, activates the motor reflexes of the head and limbs. How to massage a baby at 1 month, see the next video Nikolai Nikonov- leading doctor and masseur of Russia.
So 2-3 weeks baby's life can be carried out with him air baths, hardening and massage. These procedures are successfully combined in one.
Watch the video for gymnastics instructions for a 1 month old baby:
For a couple of minutes we leave the child in one vest or completely undressed and covered with a diaper. At the same time, we begin to make light strokes with our hands on the arms, tummy, and legs of the child. Starting from 1-2 minutes, you can bring the duration of these procedures up to 5-7 minutes.
When changing your baby, try not to keep your hands cold, as 1-month-old babies are very sensitive to touch.
Exercises for the physical development of the baby:
- Let your baby lie on its back, take it by the handles and gently lift them up above your head, then just as smoothly lower it down, cross it on your chest and spread it apart. You can do it with baby's legs exercise bike. Do not be silent, hum a pleasant song at the same time.
- Turn the baby over on his tummy, put a toy in front of him and begin to slowly lift it up. This encourages the child to raise his head. You can lay the baby on your stomach and gently call him by name so that the baby raises his head and begins to look at you. Such exercises develop the muscles of the newborn.
- While bathing, gently touch your baby, accompanying this with a quiet song. After bathing, wrap the baby in a towel, hide your face behind the edge of it and then look out from behind him and say "ku-ku".
- Massage each finger on the legs and arms of the baby. Touch it with your hands, a piece of cotton wool, a soft brush and a terry or wool mitten.
How do the sense organs work in a newborn?
How a 1 month old baby sees
The eyeball by the first month of life already has formed qualities. However, the visual function has not yet reached its full development. Tears in a baby begin to form only by the third or fourth week. For most children at this age, a slight oscillation of the eyeball and slight strabismus are characteristic. Do not worry too much about this, this phenomenon is justified by the incomplete development of the visual function and will soon pass.
Parents ask - when does a child begin to see? The newborn sees objects blurry and fuzzy. A one-month-old baby clearly distinguishes objects located at a distance about 60 cm from his eyes. It is at this distance that he sees the face of mom or dad well, recognizes them, begins to react with facial expressions and try to make sounds. He will also notice the bright toys that hang in his crib.
A newborn baby begins to see and recognize the face of mom or dad at 1 month at a distance of 60 cm from his eyes
The baby needs help to develop vision. To do this, you need to take the child in your arms more often or lean over him so that he can clearly see the faces of his parents, examine and memorize individual facial features. Do not be lazy to play with him, showing colored rattles.
By the end of the first month of his life, the baby can already follow the slowly moving toy near his face with his eyes. These are his very first games.
Just do not tire the baby, take a few minutes a day for such games, this is quite enough for his age.
Exercises for the development of vision:
- Sew a rubber band onto a small toy and hang it over your baby. Make the toy jump up and down in front of the child. Very soon, the baby will not only look at the jumping toy, but also try to grab it with its handles.
- Put a bright towel on your shoulder during feeding, the baby will begin to look from your face to this bright object.
- To better focus , do the following: show the baby a large toy at a distance 25 - 30 cm, wait for the baby to fix his eyes on her, and slowly move the toy to the side. Try to keep the baby's eyes focused on the subject. You can smoothly move the toy first horizontally, then vertically and, finally, in a circle.
- The same exercise can be done with a rattle, additionally making soft sounds. Do the exercise 1-2 times a day for 2 minutes for an occupation.
How newborns hear at 1 month
The first few weeks of a baby's life are filled with completely new sounds for him. Since the newborn has not yet learned to detect the place where the sound comes from, his natural reaction is to freeze. However, when the child suddenly hears the parent's voice, he immediately stops crying.
At the age of one month, the baby already distinguishes sounds well and turns his head towards the source of the sound. Try to rattle a rattle to the side - the baby will definitely turn his head in this direction. Kids of this age love quiet, pleasant sounds, but the most favorite, of course, is their mother's voice. The child reacts especially actively to the mother's voice and is able to feel her mood by timbre. If the mother speaks affectionately and calmly, the baby likes it very much, he expresses his emotions with active movements of the legs and arms, various sounds.
At the age of 1 month you can see the first smile of the baby. More often it is addressed to the mother as the most beloved person. If the mother is annoyed or offended, the baby also feels her emotional state and may cry or act up.
The child's hearing needs to be developed and trained. To do this, you need to talk with the baby more often, sing songs to him, read books. Be sure to include all family members. It is good if the crumbs have older brothers and sisters. Communication with them should occur from the very first days of life. Turn on soft and calm music, let the TV work during the day. A newborn needs to get used to different sounds, just avoid too loud and unpleasant sounds so as not to scare him.
Hearing exercises:
Up to 10 minutes a day, you can include classical music or recordings of various musical instruments for your newborn.
- Place the baby in the crib with 3-4 large toys and a pleasant melody. Periodically put the baby on a developmental mat.
- Talk to the baby more often and try to make the baby see your facial expressions at the same time - this stimulates the child's hearing and speech development. The baby will quickly begin to respond with a conscious smile in response to his mother's affectionate speech.
- Start reading nursery rhymes to your baby - this develops the crumbs' hearing and sense of rhythm. You can change the words in any song to your taste.
- If you tie a bell to the baby's booties, then during the movements the baby will hear the ringing and listen to it.
- When the baby is in the crib, and you are moving around the room, do not forget to talk to him. This stimulates both the baby's hearing and his vision at the same time.
Smell of the baby
The baby is also able to distinguish smells. He remembers his mother by the smell of her body, and finds her breasts by the smell of milk. Children of this age love sweet smells.
To stimulate the baby's sense of smell, you can dip a cotton ball in mint or vanilla water so that the space around the baby is filled with this aroma and he breathes it.
Baby speech
A month old baby is already trying to "walk" and pronounce individual sounds. Most of these are vowels.
He “talks” in a good mood when he is full and his mother is nearby. At this age, the baby expresses his desires and needs by crying.
Very soon, by the timbre of crying, mom will learn to distinguish when the baby is hungry, sick, you need to change diapers, or he just wants to be in his arms.
How newborns behave in the first month - baby reflexes
Reflexes are the body's response to a variety of stimuli. In the first month of life, the child still has unconditioned reflexes that help him adapt to life outside the womb. Over time, reflexes are lost.
Parents should carefully observe every reflex of their child, because at the moment it is the only means of communication between the baby and this world.
How to know if your child is in pain:
- If the child feels discomfort or is in pain, he will report this with screams and intense movements of the limbs.
- Numerous studies have been able to prove that with pain, the child bends his toes, and unbends his thumbs on his hands.
- When colic begins, the baby will do active manipulations of the lower limbs.
- If suddenly the baby experiences discomfort associated with the ears, he will begin to vigorously turn his head.
If parents are attentive to their child and learn to understand his every movement, this greatly simplifies the life of the whole family.
A pediatrician should examine congenital reflexes during patronage, as well as when visiting a clinic at the age of 1 month.
How to test a child's reflexes
Training:
- Checking reflexes is carried out in favorable conditions for the newborn: the room should be warm and the child should lie on a flat surface.
- The baby should be fed, calm, in clean diapers, so that nothing distracts him.
- Mom's hands should be smooth and warm, jewelry on the fingers and long nails should not interfere with the study.
If all conditions are met, the assessment of reflexes will be adequate.
Checking the child's reflexes
Physically healthy monthly babies should have all the basic reflexes:
- Sucking. Touch the baby's mouth with the pacifier or the tip of a clean finger. The baby will try to grab the object and begin to make mouth movements that mimic sucking. This reflex is called the "sucking reflex", it begins to appear almost immediately after birth. As soon as the baby is born, it is applied to the mother's breast and unconsciously the newborn begins to suck on the breast.
- Prehensile. If you put your finger or a light rattle in the child's palm, you can see how he firmly grasps and holds the object in his tiny palm for some time.
- Protective. Lay your baby on his tummy and watch his head move. A healthy baby will immediately turn his head to the side to breathe normally. Pediatricians call this reflex "protective." If the baby has neurological disorders, then he will not be able to turn his head to the side. The condition is dangerous because the baby can bury his nose in the surface on which he lies and suffocate.
- crawling reflex. In the tummy position, place your palms on the baby's feet. Feeling the support, he will try to push off and make a movement, as if he wants to crawl.
- Automatic walking reflex. Holding the child in the armpits, place him with his legs on a flat, hard surface and lean forward slightly. The baby will begin to take steps on his own with his legs.
- Search. If you stroke the baby on the cheek, he turns his head, this is how his instinct for searching for food or the “search reflex” is expressed.
- Babinsky reflex. We easily draw a finger along the outer edge of the foot, the toes on the baby's feet spread apart in different directions, the feet turn.
- Mora reflex. Hearing a sudden loud sound, the child spreads and brings the arms and legs together.
- Babkin's reflex. With light pressure on the palm, the child opens his mouth and turns his head.
- Swimming. If you put the baby on his stomach, he begins to make swimming movements.
If you notice that some of your child's reflexes are missing, contact your doctor immediately! This may indicate the presence of diseases from the nervous system.
Video of Dr. Komarovsky on this topic:
What should a child be able to do at 1 month
At different stages of his life, the baby will make new progress, which parents should carefully monitor. It would seem that a child at 1 month old can, except how to suckle and sleep? In fact, for his young age, he already knows how to do a lot. A month-old baby is a little man who understands a lot and requires a lot of attention and care from relatives.
Here is a list of what a baby should be able to do at 1 month:
- Recognize the mother's voice, turn towards the sounds.
- Try to pronounce sounds, "walk".
- To smile.
- Grab an adult's finger or a small toy.
- Lying on your stomach, raise your head and hold it for a few seconds.
- Recognize the mother's face, follow the bright objects moving near his face.
The listed skills are an indicator of the correct development of a monthly baby.
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