Child car seat law. Types and features of special chairs. What did the test results show

12/07/2017 - 06:11

In Russia, the rules for transporting children in cars have changed. A number of significant amendments have been made, which are mandatory. And in particular, first of all it concerns child seats.

About what the amendments are and what are the changes in these rules regarding children in cars, read the material on the site

New rules for transporting children from July 12, 2017

The most important change is that now children from 7 to 12 years old do not need child seats. But this is the case if it is transported in the rear passenger seat. It is enough for a child of this age to fasten the seat belts.

If the child of this (essentially school age) seated in the front seat, a child car seat is still required.

For children under 7 years old, a car seat is still a mandatory attribute for transportation. At the same time, traffic police officers note that although a car seat is now optional for minors from 7 to 12 years old, nevertheless, based on safety goals, it is still worth using it. Violation of the new requirements will result in a fine of 3,000 rubles.

Another important innovation is the fact that children under 7 cannot (!!!) be left alone without supervision. The fine for this offense is 2.5 thousand rubles in Moscow, as well as in St. Petersburg, 500 rubles in the regions. In some cases, the fine may be replaced by a warning.

Children are the flowers of life. Every parent, of course, loves his child very much and takes care of him like the apple of his eye. Parental concern for children is a natural and even instinctive manifestation of love.

Often parents take their children with them on a trip by car. But some still do not know how to make this process the safest, most convenient and enjoyable for the child and for the parent-driver.

In this article, we will look at the rules for transporting children in cars.

What is to be done, anyway?

Since 2013, new rules for the transportation of children have come into effect. They say that children under 12 years old can be transported (attention!!!) in the back seat using special restraints or seat belts provided in your car, and on front seat- only with the use of special devices designed for the height, weight and age of the child. If you have several children, and you need to take all of them with you, but you cannot fit the required number of seats in the car, it is proposed to fasten the children in the back seat of the car with special three-point belts. This is allowed by law and will be very convenient, as it will not take up too much space.

By the way, do not forget that a motorcycle is a different matter and it is generally forbidden to transport children under 12 years old in the back seat of a motorcycle.

What will be negligent parents for non-compliance with the rules

For the lack of a car seat for a child where it is needed, a fine of five hundred rubles is provided. In the future, it is planned to increase it to three thousand rubles, but so far there has been no progress in this direction.

The law implies that a special device must be certified as a "special child restraint" (). You can also use other means - anything that allows you to fasten the child with a seat belt so that the diagonal belt passes through his chest, and not through his neck. The main function of restraints is to limit the mobility of the child's body in order to increase his safety during an emergency or during a traffic accident.

By the way, in the form of holding devices, you can also use special seats that are attached instead of the usual ones.

Why exactly twelve years?

Ordinary seat belts (you will find them in every car) are provided for a person taller than 150 centimeters. By the age of twelve, a child already reaches this height and can easily use ordinary belts. If the height of the child is lower, the belt can put pressure on his neck and even on his head, which, in the event of at least sudden braking, will lead to irreparable injuries.

Many parents are sure that the question of how to carry their child in the car is exclusively their business. However, statistics show that every year thousands of children die on the roads due to non-compliance with the rules. traffic their parents. We strongly recommend that moms and dads take care of their children and purchase a special chair so that trouble does not happen to your family. After all, it is better to eliminate the danger altogether than to become victims of your own negligence.

There have been no significant changes in the rules for transporting children since 2019. regarding the transportation of children aged 0 to 12 years occurred on July 12, 2017. It was then that the rules for the transportation of minors became noticeably stricter.

Many devices, sometimes replacing earlier child car seats, were banned. We are talking about various overlays for seat belts and other similar technical means.

Since July 12, 2017, all children who require special restraints for transportation in a car have been divided into 2 categories - under 7 years old and from 7 to 12 years old.

Can a child be left alone in a car?

In mid-2017, a significant change was made to clause 12.8 of the Rules of the Road, which dealt with the issue of leaving a child in a car while parking. Now it is forbidden to leave a child under 7 years old in a car while parking. He must be supervised by an adult at this time.

It should be borne in mind that such a ban applies specifically to parking. If we are talking about a simple stop (parking, not exceeding 5 minutes), then leave the child preschool age(under 7 years old) in the car alone still not prohibited.

Responsibility for leaving a child unattended in a car during long periods of parking occurs under parts 1 and 5. For drivers of provincial cities, as a measure of punishment will be used a fine of 500 rubles or a simple verbal warning. While car owners from Moscow and St. Petersburg for leaving a child unattended in a car can part with the amount of 2500 rubles.

Rules for transporting children in 2019

Thanks to the changes made to the Rules of the Road on July 12, 2017, it is now forbidden to use any special means except for car seats and frame child car seats. Such means of transporting children as pads (adapters) for seat belts, boosters (armchairs without handles and backs), as well as frameless (soft) car seats, have gone out of use.

Transportation of children under 7 years old in the back seat

Children who are under one year of age should only be transported in a car in a special infant carrier that has special attachment systems to the rear seat. It is as safe as possible for the child, and besides, it is convenient to use it as a regular carrier.

In the infant car seat, nothing interferes with the movements of the child and he has enough space. When driving, it faces towards the rear of the car, which ensures the greatest safety in the event of a collision.

Car seats weigh an average of 10 to 15 kg and are ideal for small children, they do not restrict their breathing, but they take up quite a lot of space.

When a child reaches the age of 1 year, it can already be transplanted into a standard car seat (children):

The car seat of the first group is intended for transportation of children weighing from 9 to 18 kg. The angle of its inclination can be adjusted manually, while an inclination of 30-45 degrees is considered optimal. This ensures maximum safety of the child in the event of a direct collision of the car with any obstacle;
Car seats in groups 2 and 3 (combined group) are used for the transport of children aged 3 years and over with an average weight of 18 to 36 kg and a height of up to 1 meter 30 centimeters. Group 2/3 seats are most often used, since there are quite a few separate group 2 seats on the market. In such chairs, only the angle of the headrest can be adjusted.

Transportation of children from 7 to 12 years old

Carry children aged 7 to 12 in the front seat of cars that have seat belts or ISOFIX system installed, is allowed only with the use of special restraints (child seats), in accordance with the weight and height of the child.

If he is transported in the back seat of a passenger car or in the cab of a truck, then it is allowed to use both child car seats and standard seat belts.

When can a child ride without a child seat?

By the age of 12, standard seat belts can be used to transport a child, bypassing child car seats. According to - from the age of 12. Starting from this age, a child can be transported in the same way as adults. But the use of child restraints at this age is by no means prohibited. This would still be the safer solution.

Let's focus on a few simple tips, which will help to protect the child as much as possible during his transportation in the car. Despite the fact that they are quite simple to follow, many parents often forget about them or do not pay due attention to them:

The child must always be fastened with seat belts. Even at the age of 12. The same rule applies to adults, because it is they who give children an example of behavior on the road and instill the necessary safety skills;
If the design of the car does not provide for the use of seat belts or other built-in safety systems, then a child can be transported in them without a child seat or other special restraints. But it is worth remembering that this is not safe anyway;
While transporting a child be sure to block the door locks and power windows. Otherwise, the baby may accidentally press the buttons during the game. And unlocked doors can easily open on their own in sharp turns;
In 2019, drivers may not be afraid to use child car seats to transport minors, which fastened with the ISOFIX system that does not require the use of standard seat belts. Previously, it was easy to get a large fine for this;
In no case don't feed your baby on the road. This may cause serious problems with stomach or respiratory system. In extreme cases, you can always stop for a while and eat in a relaxed atmosphere;
Inside the car in transportation time must be clean and free. It is forbidden to transport bulky goods in the car with a child. Sometimes even personal items during an accident can harm a child if they are not properly secured with straps;
Do not forget to take everything with you on the road with the child necessary medical devices . This is not only about a standard car first aid kit, but also about a wide variety of ointments, pills and medical instruments that may be needed in case of unforeseen situations;
According to the new rules in 2019, use child seats and infant carriers only needed in cars and trucks. A number of clauses were removed from the traffic rules that obligated drivers to use child restraint seats for transporting children on mopeds, motorcycles, tractors and other non-standard vehicles;
Never do not leave your child alone in the car, even for a short time. Otherwise, he may be very scared, which will have a bad effect on his mental health. Not to mention cases of road accidents involving standing cars.

Penalties for non-compliance with the rules for transporting children

The penalty for improper transportation of children under the age of 12 is provided for within. In accordance with it, a fine of 3,000 rubles applies to ordinary drivers, 25,000 rubles to officials, and 100,000 rubles to organizations.

That is, for transporting a child without an infant carrier or child car seat, you will have to pay a round sum of 3 thousand rubles.

Finally, let's talk about changes in the rules for transporting children, which nevertheless were made in 2019. True, they only affected the transportation of minors in buses (organized transportation of children). Now for the transportation of minors (under the age of 12) it is impossible to use buses, since the release of which more than 10 years have passed.

Additionally, from July 1, 2019, all buses associated with the organized transportation of children must have orange or yellow flashing lights on the roof.

Transportation of children in a car in 2019 is carried out according to tougher rules aimed at improving the safety of life and health of small passengers.

They, first of all, relate to the location of the child in transport and the equipment of the seat for him. In addition, it will also be important how old the son or daughter has already turned.

In this article, we will pay close attention to changes in traffic rules regarding the rules for transporting children in a car. You will learn how to transport a child in a car according to the new requirements, as well as the responsibility and the amount of the fine for violating them.

In this article:

Features and requirements of traffic rules when transporting children in a car

So, the rules for transporting minors in a car have undergone major changes. And they happened thanks to the Government Decree number 761 of June 28, 2017. All innovations are already in effect from July 12.

Amendments to the traffic rules concern not only the movement with the participation of children. There are some important points, but this is a topic for a separate discussion.

Innovations are aimed at equipping a seat for a child, depending not only on his age, but also on his actual weight. In addition, now in some cases it is not allowed to leave a child alone in a locked car.

Important to know for young and novice drivers! Carrying small passengers simply on the hands of the rules is prohibited. And also not all holding devices are allowed to operate.

According to the new requirements, the car in which children will be transported must be equipped with special devices (retaining devices) - they are called car seats or car seats.

Devices are selected and attached based on the age of the child and his weight. There are special standards regarding the presence of additional seat belts, the position of children (sitting or lying), the location of the device in the car (GOST R 41.44-2005)

A "child" seat is placed both in the front and in one of the rear seats. Naturally, the manufacturer's installation instructions must be followed.

Note that car seats and other similar devices are arranged in the cabin sideways in relation to the direction of movement, facing the movement or against it. It all depends on the type of restraint, weight and age of the child.

Traffic rules for transporting children in a car

This block contains the fundamental features of the transportation of children by road, depending on their age. Moreover, changes in the rules for transporting children have affected all types of vehicles.

Therefore, below we will analyze in detail the new rules for transporting children in a car, depending on their age groups and places for the child to enter the car.

Let's say right away that children can be in both the front and back seats. But here there are some peculiarities.

Carrying children in the car in the front seat

The law on the carriage of children in the front seat of a car says that it is necessary to use special restraints, such as the car seats, infant carriers, boosters we mentioned.

You can place a child in the front seat without seats if he is already 12 years old. But with this option, the child must be necessarily fastened, however, this also applies to adult passengers.

Also, transportation in the front seat is allowed without a seat for children under 12 years of age in the event that the child, by its parameters (height or weight), simply does not fit in a car seat of the prescribed standards.

Transportation of children under 7 years old

By law, even babies can be carried in a car. Therefore, the main requirements for the transportation of children under 7 years of age are as follows.

The child should be transported in a special chair. It is available in several types, depending on both the age and body weight of the child.

Now on the market are:

Car seats are used, as a rule, if the child is under the age of one year, and provide for its placement in a lying position.
car seats suitable for children who are already one year old.
Boosters can be used in case of transportation of a child from 3 years and older.

However, the traffic rules emphasize that the restraint (that is, special equipment for transporting a child) must comply with the standards in force on the territory of all states that are members of the Customs Union.

The rules for transporting children in a car under 7 years old do not prohibit placing a special seat in the front seat. However, in this case, you will have to disable the option for the airbag (after all, its operation can injure the child).

Transportation of children from 7 to 12 years old

The rules for transporting children in a car under 12 years of age suggest several options.

So, if the child is planned to be placed in the front seat, then a car seat is still necessary (except for situations where, due to their physical data, they simply do not fit in a car seat).

When the child is located on the rear group of seats, it will be enough for him to fasten the car belts provided for by the factory design of the vehicle. Recall that previously a car seat was required for this case.

And also it is impossible to transport a child under 12 years old in the rear (passenger) seat of a motorcycle (traffic rules clearly prohibit this).

Transportation of children after 12 years

Here, the rules for transporting children in a car over 12 years old indicate that the use of car seats and other devices of a similar purpose is a purely voluntary matter for the driver.

That is, holding devices in the car can not be installed. However, in any case, the child should be fastened with equipped car seat belts.

Leaving a child in the car

According to the amendments made to the SDA (paragraph 12.8), the ban on leaving a child in a car applies to children who are under 7 years old.

Thus, they should always be in the car under the supervision of one or more adult citizens.

Be sure to say a few words about what the fine may be for leaving a child in a car.

Judicial practice in this regard has not yet been formed, since legislative amendments are in effect for less than a month. However, the owner of the car needs to be prepared for two scenarios.

The minimum amount of punishment is five hundred rubles and it is due for violation of the procedure for moving passengers (clause 1 of article 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation).

At the same time, closing a child in a car alone can be quite calmly interpreted as a violation of the rules for transporting children. And in this case, the issue price is already 3 thousand rubles (clause 3, article 12.23).

Therefore, it remains to wait for clarifications from the traffic police or the judiciary on this matter. We are sure that they will definitely appear in the very near future.

What the traffic rules say

So, here are the main provisions of paragraph 22.9 of Ch. 22 traffic rules of the Russian Federation:

Transporting a child under the age of seven is possible only with the help of special devices. This applies to both trucks and cars. It doesn't matter where the child is.
From now on, children aged 7 to 12 must be transported using car seats and other similar equipment only in the front seat of the car. In the back row of seats, it is enough just to fasten the child with the existing seat belts. Until the age of 12, a child is not allowed to sit on the passenger seat of a motorcycle.
A passenger who is 12 years of age or older can only be buckled in without fail.

When choosing a car seat, you should make allowances for the physical data of the child. Make sure the device is legally certified.

Moreover, it is useful to carry documents on the chair with you in order to avoid unnecessary proceedings with the traffic police inspector.

We have come to the question of what will be the traffic police fine for violating the rules for transporting children?

Responsibility is spelled out in paragraph 3 of Art. 12.23 Administrative Code of the Russian Federation:

If the violator is an ordinary individual, then the liability will be 3 thousand rubles.
When the violation was committed by the enterprise, then the sanctions for it will amount to 100 thousand rubles.
Officials of the company will be liable in the amount of 25 thousand rubles.

However, when the punishment is not particularly discussed, there is an opportunity to reduce financial expenses.

For fines, which are prescribed in Art. 12.23 of the Administrative Code, a fifty percent discount applies to their payment. It is only important to have time to make it within 20 days from the date of the decision on the fine - (important, not receiving it).

Please note that the above liability may arise not only for the lack of a child seat as such, but also for its incorrect placement. Therefore, it is recommended to study the manufacturer's manual for all details.

You should also carry a copy of the child's birth certificate with you. After all, his age will be decisive in a dispute with the traffic police inspector.

It may also happen that you will have to challenge the fine further in court. Therefore, the driver should stock up on the evidence base. In particular, it is useful to shoot the interior of a car with a chair in the frame, as well as provide everything for it. Required documents.

What holding devices are we actually talking about

Now there are several types of so-called fastenings for children to stationary car seats, which are called restraints in the official language in the rules of the road. So.

car seat

In simple terms, this is a small stroller that is designed to carry a newborn. The happy father of the family must install it even when he solemnly takes the child from the hospital.

In practice, such a device is used to reach a child of one year of age. Depending on the design, the car seat is equipped both in the rear seat and in the end part of the front passenger seat.

car seat

This is an additional device that is designed to be attached to the main seat of the car. It is equipped with additional orthopedic surfaces and belts that firmly hold the child during the movement.

In addition, armrests can be installed in some designs to facilitate the physical activity of the child.

Booster

This restraint is designed to carry older children. In general, a booster is an intermediate system in which the child has already grown out of a standard seat, but the design of the belts installed on the machine does not yet provide him with proper safety.

The booster has some differences in design from car seats. The booster does not have a back, as well as armrests. Therefore, some consider it to be a baby stand for the purpose of properly attaching car safety systems.

Obey traffic rules, take care of children

For a mother or father who is in the status of a car enthusiast, life own child above all. Then you need Special attention pay attention to the issue of how to transport children in a car. Decision-making is influenced by the distance of transportation, its route, and other factors

You must select a car seat or restraint in advance. In addition, you should determine in advance where the device will be installed. The best option is to mount the seat for the child in the back row of seats.

Before buying, you should ask if the car seat, booster was tested in conditions close to real. After all, having certificates is one thing, but protecting a child in the event of an accident is another.

Above, we talked about how to properly transport a child in a car. Knowledge of traffic rules will save the driver from financial sanctions. But the main thing is that the life of a small family member will be out of danger.

Typical questions and answers to them

In conclusion, we will try to give answers to the most characteristic questions on existing innovations.

My wife and I have two children different ages. Is it necessary to install both devices in the car when transporting them?

Yes. Only when choosing a chair, make an adjustment for the age of the child and his weight. Unfortunately, the new standards do not say anything about the growth parameters of children. Meanwhile, this indicator also plays an important role.

For example, when a certain point in time is reached, the car seat simply becomes small for the child. Therefore, before purchasing, all the details of the purchase should be discussed with its manufacturer or seller.

Do I have to provide the traffic police with documents on the restraint device?

By virtue of traffic rules and the prescriptions of other legislation, the driver does not have such an obligation. But it is better to carry copies of the documents regarding the car seat with you. Then you can save your personal nerves and money for a dialogue with the traffic inspector.

If there are no seat belts in the back seat, can I carry my own child in the car?

Indeed, in the design of many models of the old generation of the automotive industry, the presence of seat belts was simply not provided. Then the child, regardless of his age, should be transported in a certain type of restraint.

Who draws up a decision on a fine in case of revealing facts

Both the protocol and the resolution on the fine are drawn up on the spot by the traffic police officer. However, in the future, the fine can be appealed.

There are two legal ways to do this: either file a complaint with the head of the inspector, or file an application to challenge the decision in court. It is only necessary to observe the ten-day period allotted by the Code of Administrative Offenses.

June 24. The driver of any vehicle must ensure that the stay of young children in the car is as safe as possible. According to the current traffic rules, the driver is obliged to perform a number of prescribed actions, namely, in a car that is equipped with seat belts, transport children under 12 years old only using a special restraint device (car seat or car seat). In addition, the SDA says that other security devices can be used for these purposes. For non-compliance with these rules, liability is provided for under part 3 of article 12.23 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation - a fine of 3,000 rubles.

It seems that the Ministry of the Interior decided to change the existing order of things and made a number of adjustments included in the project.

Did you think that the Ministry of Internal Affairs decided to tighten the law again? Raise penalties? Increase responsibility and oblige drivers to purchase more expensive car seats? No, on the contrary, the amendments have simplified the procedure for transporting children.

The draft law says:

Paragraph 22.9 of Chapter 22 of the Rules of the Road shall be stated as follows:

22.9 Carriage of children under the age of 7 years in the passenger car and the cab of the car, the design of which provides for seat belts, must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the height and weight of the child.

This paragraph currently reads as follows:

"Transportation of children up to 12 years of age in vehicles equipped with seat belts must be carried out using child restraints appropriate for the height and weight of the child, or other means that allow the child to be fastened using a seat belt.

The difference is visible to the naked eye. So why did legislators decide to take such measures?

It's all about such a concept as "other means that allow you to fasten a child using seat belts provided for by the design of the car."

After conducting a series of tests, NAMI specialists proved that additional devices that are used together with standard seat belts seriously increase the risk of injury and put the life of the child at risk. Conversely, the use of a conventional seat belt is much preferable for most children, due to the thoughtful and reliable design of the standard belt.

Accordingly, children aged 7 to 11 in the back seat, according to the new rules, can be transported both in a restraint and using a standard seat belt.

What determines whether to use a car seat or not

The answer to this question lies in physiology. Since nine summer child may correspond to the age of twelve and vice versa. An 11-year-old child can be much thinner than his peers. Depending on this, you can choose which remedy is better.

However, when transporting a child in the front seat, the previous rule will remain. It will be possible to transport a child in the front seat only using restraint child seats.

Very young children, according to the new amendments, can ONLY be transported using child restraint car seats.

Also, the developed amendments will prohibit leaving small children (under the age of 7) alone in the car without adult supervision. This will prevent consequences that are dangerous to the life and health of the child. The fine for such a violation is 500 rubles.

The law says this: “It is forbidden to leave a child under 7 years old in a vehicle while it is standing, in the absence of an adult.”

According to Part 1 of Art. 12.19 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation for such an action - 500 rubles.

Changed rules for overtaking vehicles

Clause 11.4 of the Rules of the Road will be supplemented with new wording:

"in places where it is forbidden to enter the lane intended for oncoming traffic."

The current version of the clause reads as follows:

at regulated intersections, as well as at unregulated intersections when driving on a road that is not the main one;
at pedestrian crossings;
on bridges, overpasses, overpasses and under them, as well as in tunnels;
at railway crossings and closer than 100 m in front of them;
at the end of a climb, on dangerous curves and in other areas with limited visibility.

The representative of the Ministry of Internal Affairs explained that this paragraph of the Rules was supplemented in connection with large quantity disputable situations as to whether it is a violation to enter the lane intended for traffic in the opposite direction in the permitted place and complete the maneuver in the prohibited place.

Answer to this question unequivocal - this is a violation and for it there is liability in the form of deprivation of rights and a fine.

You can find out the most up-to-date information on the rules for transporting flights in 2017 from our article - ""

Take care of the most valuable - children.