Women's names in Poland. Polish female names. The history of the origin of some traditional Polish names

Polish culture has always been nourished by many sources. On the one hand, these were Slavic beliefs, customs and traditions, on the other hand, the influence of Western European countries and eastern neighbors (Ukraine, Lithuania, Russia), on the third hand, Christianity in the Roman Catholic tradition (and, as a result, the influence of the Latin language). That is why female Polish names represent a special

interest for the language researcher.

Slavic roots are found in Bozhena and Miroslava, Kazimira, Wislava, Cheslava. But such women as Beata, Lucina, Felicia, Sylvia or Marcellina are of Latin origin. Many popular anthroponyms (Anna, Maria, Natalia) sound the same in almost all languages. From other cultures came such names as Olga (Russian of Scandinavian origin), Ilona (from Hungarian), Aneta, Bernadette (from French). By the way, it is worth paying attention (this is especially important when translating) that very often the spelling of double or single consonants does not coincide with the rules of our spelling - for example, Isabela.

Very interesting female Polish and Jewish origin. Their amusingness is that, having correspondences in Russian, they sound completely different. For example, the name Agnieszka, which is of Greek origin, has the same meaning as Agnia. And Katarzyna is Ekaterina. Even more unusual for the Russian ear sounds Malgorzata (Margarita in our opinion) or Elzhbieta (that is, Elizabeth). Diminutive Polish female names, in contrast to the norms of our language and etiquette, have the suffix -k- in their composition. Lidka, Elka, Olka - this is not neglect for Polish speakers, but, on the contrary, goodwill. Or the suffix "-us-" (-uś): Anus, Galus, Agus. By the way, one more interesting feature: Polish female names that are homonymous (sound exactly the same) to Russians can have completely different origins. For example, Lena is not a diminutive of Elena, but of Magdalena. Or Olya - not from Olga, as in Russian, but from Alexandra. Asya is from Joanna, not from Anastasia.

In our country, such Polish female names are known as

Irena, Agnieszka, Wislava. But our Western neighbors themselves have different preferences. Now such names as Zofya, Julia, Maya, Lena (as a full), Alexandra and Zuzanna have become very popular. A few years ago, Alicia and Victoria were among the top five most often chosen for newborns. But among the older generation (20-30-year-olds) Katarzyna, Joanna, Anna are popular.

It is also interesting how the names of Poles changed in Russia. On the one hand, there were several centuries of exile to Siberia back in tsarist times. On the other hand, forced resettlement under Stalin. And so Yuzefa became Lucy (more familiar to the Russian ear), Albert - Oleg, Jan - Ivan ... Most often, not only the "everyday" name of a person changed, but also the official one. And only later, after returning to their historical homeland, the name was restored. Although according to the documents, it was not always easy to do this. It is worth noting that in Poland it is customary to give which are written not with a hyphen (Bogdan Michal, Yulia Patricia), but next to them. In everyday life, a person uses, as a rule, only one and most often the first. However, he may well be called a second, and even a completely different name, if he does not like the one that his parents awarded him.

is a group of names used on the territory of Poland. The group of Polish names includes mainly Slavic, Greek and Roman names.

Polish female names

Agnieszka- purity, innocence

Alicia- noble family

Anastasia- resurrection, relocation

Angelica- angelic, messenger

Anka- grace

Barbara- savage, barbarian, foreigner

Beata- blessed

Benedict- blessed

Bertha- bright

Blanca– white

Bogumila- dear God

Boguslav- praising God

Boleslav- great glory

Bozena- divine gift

Bronislava- glorious weapon

brigida- strong

Wenceslas- all glorious

Viga- battle

Wislawa- great glory

Vladislav- possessing glory

Grasia- pleasant

Grazhyna- beautiful

Henryka- head of the house

Dita- military trophy

Dobroslav- good reputation

Dominica- mistress of the house

Eve- a life

Zdzislava- creating glory

Zlata– golden

Zosia– wisdom

Irena (Irenka)- peace

Yvona- yew tree

Iolanta- violet

Casimir- calling for a truce

Karina- expensive

Caroline- courageous

Kasia (Cassia)– clean

katarzyna– clean

Christina- Follower of Christ

Leslava- glorious intercessor

Ludmila- nice to people

Ludvika- renowned warrior

Lucia- light

Lucina- light

Malgorzata– pearl

Malvina- friend of justice

Marcelina– protection of the sea

Mieczysław- gaining glory with the sword

Milla- noble

Mirka- miraculous, miraculous

Miroslava- glorifying the world

Rodomila- caring about the world

Rodoslava- striving for fame

Rostislav- cultivating glory

Serafina- flame

Severina- strict

Stanislav- always nice

Stephanie- crown, crown

Stefsia- crown, crown

Frantishka– French

Hannah- grace, grace

Cheslava- Honor and glory

Edita- military trophy

Elzbieta- an oath of God

Judita- Jewish

Jadwiga- wealthy warrior

Yaroslav- bright and glorious

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Polish names. Polish female names and their meaning

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Polish names can be roughly divided into pagan, pre-Christian and Catholic. The latter are of ancient Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Aramaic origin. Variants borrowed from the languages ​​of neighboring countries are common.

Features of Polish names

Polish law prohibits giving children more than two names. Thirdly, the child can take at will, during the first communion at 9-10 years old. But it will not appear in official documents. It is a common tradition to name a newborn in honor of a saint from the church menologion.

Until 1.03. 2015 the law did not allow citizens of the country to call the child a foreign name. Until now, there are a number of requirements that limit the choice. Advice Polish compiles a list of names that are not recommended for parents to use. The final decision when registering a newborn is made by an employee of the Civil Registry Office.

Almost all female Polish names end in -a. Mary, as in others Catholic countries worn by both sexes. For example, from 2010 to 2015 Bronislav Maria Komorowski was the President of the country.

Poles love to add diminutive suffixes. For male names, -ek and -us are used, for female ones: -ka, -cia, -sia, -usia, -unia, -dzia. Some variants in the original form have the endings -ek: Marek, Jacek, Franciszek.
Sometimes words are transformed beyond recognition. For example, Wojciech is affectionately called Cheshchek, and Caesar is called Charek. Karol eventually turned into Karolek, then into Lelik. Baseya turns out to be Barbara, and Aga could be Agatha or Agnieszka. The owners of names with the root -slav are called: Slavek (boys, men), Slavka (girls, women).

Beautiful old names in Poland

Old Polish names are most often formed by combining the stems of two words. Many variants of Slavic origin have the second part "slav". For example:

Kazimesh or Casimir ("announcing peace") - the name of the representatives of the Polish princely dynasties of the Jagiellons, Piasts. It was worn:

1. violinist Ney;
2. artist Malevich;
3. "father of the American cavalry", participant of the American Civil War Pulavsy;
4. Russian military leader Levitsky.

Most of the above names are paired, they are transformed into feminine ones by adding the ending -a. Often there is a component of "fierce" (spring) and "peace", in various combinations: Yaromir, Yarognev ("spring anger"), Yaropelk ("spring of peoples"), Yarek, Radzhimir (the first root means "joy"), Lubomir , Nemir, Dragomir.

A similar principle of creation has options:

• Bratomite - good for brother;
• Bogumil, Boguhval;
• Bozidar, Bogdan;
• Vlodek - rule by the rules;
• Vlodzimierz - a peaceful ruler;
• Vitold - forest ruler;
• Dobrogost, Milogost - a kind guest;
• Zbigniew - get rid of anger;
• Lyudmil - benefit to the people;
• Radovit - the second part of the word comes from the Old Slavonic vit "life" or Russian "knight";
• Radzimish - happy world;
• Radomil.

Two-part names were formed not only with the help of Old Slavonic words, but also Old Germanic, Late Latin. For example:

• Wilhelm from willo and helm- "will" and "helmet";
• Herald from ger and wald - "spear" + "power, strength";
• Gerard from ger and hard - "spear" + "steadfast, hard";
• Zygmunt from zigu and munt - "victory" + "protection";
• Clotilde from hlud and hild - "loud, glorious" and "battle";
• Matilda from maht hild - "strength, power" and "battle";
• Raimund from ragin munt - "law" + "protection";
• Norbert nord, berth - "north" and "bright";
• Friederik (Friederika) from fridu and riki - "peace" + "rich, powerful";
• Yadviga from hadu and wig - "discord" and "war".

Polish names of Latin origin

Popular names of the Roman Empire: personal (pranomen), family (nomen), nicknames (cognomen) became the basis for Polish counterparts. Thus, Flavian is derived from Flavianus, "belonging to the Flavian genus." Polish names were formed from cognomens:

• Anthony - according to one version, came from the epithet of the Greek god Dionysus "to fight";
• Beatrice, Beata - from Viatrix "traveler, traveler", later transformed into Beatrix under the influence of the Latin word beata "blessed";
• Benedict - from Benedictus, "blessed";
• Blazhey - from Blasius, "lisping";
• Vincent - from Vincentius, "victorious";
• Vit - from Vitus, "life";
• Felicia, Felix, Felitsyan, Felitsyan - felix "happy";
• Karina - from Carinus "dear, dear";
• Clara, Clarysa - from Clarus, "light";
• Clemens, Clementine, Clementia - from Clemens "merciful";
• Maximilian, Maxim - from mavimus, "greatest";
• Marian, Marianna - from Marianus, from the genus Mariev;
• Marek, Marcellinus, Marcellina - from Marcus, possibly in honor of the god of war;
• Modest, Modesta, Modestina - from modestus "modest";
• Sylvester - from silvestris "forest";
• Julia, Julian, Juliana, Juliusz, Julita - from Julius, the founder of the family is Yul, the son of Aeneas;
• Justin, Justina, Justinian - from Justus or justinus, "fair".

For newborn girls, parents came up with names that are consonant with beautiful Latin words. So there are options:

• grace ("grace");
• Gloria ("glory");
• Yolanta, Viola, Violetta (from viola "violet");
• Olivia (olive "olive tree");
• Stella (stella star);
• Monica (moneo "inspire, call").

According to one version, Maya was called daughters in honor of the last spring month. Sylvanas comes from the forest deity of the same name from ancient mythology. Franciszek (feminine Francischka) is a variation of the Late Latin Franciscus "Frankish, French".

Popular names in Poland with Hebrew roots

The names of biblical heroes are difficult to recognize in some Polish counterparts. For example, Gabriel - was formed from Gabriel, Bartosz and Bartholomew from Bartholomew, and Mateusz, Maciej - from Matthew. Popular Polish names that came from Biblical Hebrew are shown in the table.

Polish variants of names of ancient Greek origin

A significant part of the Catholic menologion consists of names of ancient Greek origin. They have been modified in accordance with the phonetics of the Polish language. Examples are shown in the table.

The history of the origin of some traditional Polish names

Popular Polish names are borrowed from the Lithuanian language: Olgerd, translated as “glorious”, Keistut “to endure, endure”, Witold “to see the people”, Danuta. Interesting story at the name of Grazhina (from the Lithuanian grażus "beautiful"). It was invented in 1822 by Adam Mickiewicz while on vacation in Vilnius. The poem "Grazhina" became the author's first notable work. The name became fashionable in Poland, then in Lithuania.

Malvin's name was also coined by the poet. In 1765, the Scotsman James MacPherson created it from the Gaelic phrase Mala Mhin, "smooth-browed." Malvina he called the heroine of the work "Ossian's Poems".

Names-antonyms are popular in Poland. They originally indicated the origin, place of birth or residence of the owner. For example:

• Caetan, Caetan - a man from Gaeta (Italy);
• Lucas - from Lutsania;
• Magdalena - from the ancient Greek "from Magdala", a village on the shores of Lake Galilee;
• Adrian - from Adria or the Adriatic;
• Leocadia - arrived from the island of the same name;
• Lydia - from the region of Asia Minor;
• Judita is Jewish, a woman from Judea.

Wanda was probably originally called a representative of the tribe of the Vandals or the Wends (a group of Western Slavs). According to another version, this name, popular even outside the country, was invented by Vincent Kaldubek, a medieval chronicler.
Tenderness, harmonious sounding distinguishes female Polish names of Slavic origin:

• Milena "dear";
• Viburnum from the name of the tree, or from the Old Slavonic "heat, glow" or from the ancient Greek kale "beautiful";
• Vera;
• Lyuba;
• Nadzheya (Hope, Russian equivalent);
• Berry.

Tadeusz, according to one version, comes from the Aramaic word Taddai, translated as "chest, heart." The patron saint Thaddeus is listed in the calendar. The popularity of this name was promoted by Adam Mickiewicz. The hero of his poem "Pan Tadeusz" was named after Kosciuszko, leader of the 1794 independence uprising.

Names borrowed from the Scandinavian language: Inga (goddess of fertility), Oscar (from Ásgeirr "divine spear"), Eric ("rich, powerful"). Ancient Germanic roots have:

• Karl - "man, husband";
• Erwin - "warrior friend";
• Adela (Adela, Adelaide, Adeline) - "noble";
• Odo - "wealth";
• Irma, Emma - "comprehensive";
• Berta - "bright"
• Jadwiga - "struggle, discord."

The name Karolina means "belonging to Charles". Later, a paired male version was created - Caroline. Yvona, Coleta, Nikola (from Nicole), Alicia - Polish analogues of French names.

The most popular names in modern Poland

Polish male names Jan, Jakub, Piotr, Mateusz, Anthony, Shimon, Philip are consistently in the top of the most popular. In recent years, the Katsper variant (Casper, Gaspar) has become fashionable. The name probably comes from the Chaldean "gizbar", which means "keeper of treasures".

The rating of female names is headed by Zofia, Lena (Magdalena's variant), Julia, Zuzanna. Hannah, Maria, Maya, Olivia, Amelia, Alicia are on the list of popular ones. Traditional names remain common: Agnieszka, Malgorzhata, Jadwiga, Barbara, John.

Polish names include names that are used on the territory of Poland. Usually these include Roman and Greek origin. The peculiarity of these names is that they are similar to many common names for other countries. For example, in the Polish dictionary there is the name Agnieszka, which is consonant with the Russian name Agnia, Katarzyna - Katerina.

Male names in Poland began to appear long before the creation of the country itself. The first Old Slavonic male names: Bozhidar, Yaroslav, Slavomir, Zdimir. After the advent of Christianity, it became popular to name children in honor of Christian saints, which is why there were so many Old Slavonic, Latin and Hebrew names (Lukash, Tomas, Miroslav and many others).

After the arrival of Catholicism, respectively, children were called by classical Catholic names: Paul, Adam, Bernard. After the medieval period, Christian names fell into disuse. But some remained, having changed and received a slightly different sound. Thus, Fedor became Theodore, John - Jan, etc.

Options for boys and men

Some male names came to Poland from other nearby countries: from Germany - Gustav, and Witold and Olgerd are of Lithuanian origin from Vytautas and Algerdas. It is very popular in Poland to use the diminutive form not only in relation to children, but also to adults. This is considered absolutely everyday and usual. For example, Vladislav will be affectionately called Vladek, Yakub - Kubus, Kuba or Yakubek.

Among these forms, there are those that are radically different from the full name, but the Poles know exactly who they are addressing. Lolek, for example, is a diminutive form of Karol, and Caesar is called Charek. And nothing surprising. But there are also classical, understandable even for a Russian person, Polish names for men:

Polish names are popular not only in Poland, but also far beyond its borders. Some believe that these are one of the most beautiful and sonorous names. Polish men immediately attract attention with their names.

Names for girls and women

In order for a Polish name to take on a diminutive form, Poles add the suffix -to-, for example, Lidka, Olka, Anka. Unlike the Russian language, this does not mean neglect or dissatisfaction with a person, but gives tenderness in the voice. Or the suffix -us- (-us-) also means a friendly attitude towards a person, for example, Anus, Galus, Lidus. Modern Polish names for girls began to form thanks to these suffixes, and now many new ones are appearing.

Polish female names have another feature: names that sound the same as Russian ones (homonyms) have completely different meanings. For example, Lena - in Russian it was formed from Elena, and in Polish from Magdalena. Or Asya is not from Anastasia, but from Joanna. And Olya is not Olga at all, but the Poles believe that she is Alexandra.

It is customary to choose beautiful Polish names for girls, including referring to the list of saints. Church names chosen at the time of baptism guard and protect the child. They are used when visiting church and during prayers. The saints, after whom the girl is named, will protect them from the evil eye and adversity. There is an ancient tradition of the Poles, when a child can choose a name for himself, at the age of 10, after the sacrament itself.

More than three names are prohibited by the authorities. secret name, which the child has chosen for himself, is not entered in any documents, but remains with the child, like a talisman. Popular Polish names are female, as men are often called non-traditional, but foreign.