A baby at 9 vomits with a fountain what to do. Vomiting in a newborn: what to do. Features of elimination of vomiting

The appearance of vomiting in the first year of a child's life occurs quite often, so young parents need to know what to do in such cases. At the same time, not only the frequency and intensity of vomiting is important, but also the accompanying symptoms.

How to recognize a dangerous illness in time, as well as the first actions of parents in case of vomiting in a baby - all the necessary information is discussed below.

How to distinguish vomiting from regurgitation in infants after feeding?

Babies often spit up because their digestive system is in the process of being improved. However, regurgitation should not be confused with vomiting.

If you find any alarming signs and conditions, you should definitely consult a pediatrician, and for "home diagnosis" you can use the following tips.

Main differences:

Vomiting occurs at any time of the day, regardless of the meal. Regurgitation is observed immediately after eating, or within the next hour after.
When spitting up, there is no high temperature, the child behaves as usual, there is no reason for concern. Vomiting, on the contrary, is often accompanied by other alarming symptoms.
The contents of the stomach, which is a milk or curd mass, occurs during regurgitation. If it is a more liquid consistency, with impurities of mucus, undigested food debris, blood or other inclusions, we are talking about vomiting in children.
The intensity of the ejection of the contents of the stomach also matters. If an undigested mass simply leaked out of the mouth, this should not cause any concern. In the case of a gushing ejection, when the contents scatter over a considerable distance, this is most likely just vomiting. To prevent tragic cases, you should not leave the child unattended, and after eating, be sure to keep it in a “column” so that excess air (the most common cause of regurgitation) can come out naturally.

Frequent regurgitation is observed in more than half of perfectly healthy children and is the norm. If the child is active, develops properly and gains weight, there is no cause for concern.

Usually, such phenomena normalize on their own when the child reaches six to seven months.

In any case, if you have questions or suspect any problem, it would be useful to show the child to a specialist, and monthly visits to the doctor in the first year of life are not just a whim, but the need for normal monitoring of the development and growth of the baby.

Safe reasons

It is not always an alarming symptom, although this sign greatly frightens parents. It should be noted that the digestive organs in newborns do not function as well as in an adult, so some “failures in the system” are acceptable and quite likely.

Why vomiting occurs:

The child moved. In this case, regurgitation or vomiting may occur. It is imperative to adjust the diet, dividing the daily portion into 6-7 doses. The smaller the baby, the more frequent feedings occur.
Power changes. Replacement of milk formula, nutritional errors of a nursing mother and the introduction of complementary foods can all provoke such a reaction. If you act carefully, given previous negative experiences and mistakes, you can deal with such problems on your own.
Overexcitation and active games. To avoid this, it is necessary to limit the activity of the baby about half an hour before meals and the same amount after. It is not recommended to bathe the baby immediately after eating, as well as to actively engage in gymnastics and outdoor games.

A characteristic feature of such cases is the possibility of self-elimination of the cause. Of course, it is difficult for young parents to determine the true cause of vomiting, so be sure to watch the child after an attack.

If the baby is still active, vomiting has not recurred, there is no temperature and other negative symptoms - everything is in order.

Dangerous reasons

It is impossible to consider vomiting as a separate disease. Most often, this is a symptom of various problems in the body associated with the digestive system, or nervous disorders.

If you exclude non-dangerous causes of vomiting, you can identify several more alarming conditions, accompanied by vomiting.

Dangerous diseases:

Intracranial pressure and tumors.
Congenital pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
Gastroenteritis.
Toxic poisoning.
Concussion.
diabetic conditions.
Infections of the genitourinary system.
Infectious or viral diseases.
Side effect of drug treatment.
Diseases of the endocrine or nervous system.

In this case, an accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment is carried out under the supervision of a doctor and in a hospital. Frequent and profuse vomiting can lead to, which develops very quickly in newborns. To prevent this, you should definitely consult a doctor.

Associated symptoms

In severe conditions, it cannot be the only symptom.

If vomiting is repeated, and against this background the child is too restless, or, conversely, apathetic, it is imperative to seek medical help.

To make a reliable diagnosis, it is necessary to provide complete information about the time of deterioration, the frequency and abundance of vomiting, and, if possible, provide material for laboratory examination.

What symptoms should alert:

Weakness and apathy of the child.
Restless crying that is difficult to appease.
Increase in body temperature.
Intestinal upset, and flatulence.
Blood and black impurities in the vomit.
Intestinal contents in vomit.
Blue lips or nasolabial triangle.
Refusal to drink, urinary retention for more than four hours.

All this can be a signal of the development of serious pathologies. In some cases, the causes can be eliminated at home, but usually pediatricians choose the tactics of medical supervision, in which the child is hospitalized in a hospital.

You should not be afraid of this, because such measures can save lives with a sharp deterioration. That is why it is not recommended to endure such conditions at home, at least you need to consult a knowledgeable specialist.

When is a doctor needed?

It is often difficult for young parents to determine the pathology on their own. A characteristic feature of childhood diseases is the rapid development, so it would be useful to know in which situations medical assistance is urgently needed.

Urgently see a doctor if vomiting starts after:

The child fell. Height and cause of fall are irrelevant. In such situations, there may be a concussion, as well as internal bleeding, so calling an ambulance cannot be postponed.
The kid ate a poor-quality or dangerous product. In such cases, vomiting is a natural reaction of the body, which seeks to clear the stomach of toxins before they enter the circulatory system.
The vomit entered the respiratory tract. Be sure to clean your mouth of residues, rinse if possible, make artificial respiration. Even if everything worked out and nothing threatens the life of the child, such situations threaten infection of the lungs and the development of the inflammatory process.

Repeated and profuse vomiting is also a reason to see a doctor. Symptoms of dehydration in the first year of life develop very quickly, so if you notice a sunken fontanelle, weakness and drowsiness of the child, and also, be sure to call an ambulance.

First aid

Before the arrival of the doctor, it is better to help the child on their own. To do this, each parent should know the basic rules for such cases. at this time, you can not leave the child alone, because a second attack can block the airways.

Vomit often enters the lungs and bronchi, causing local inflammation. For any conditions and causes of vomiting, the following first aid algorithm can be described.

What to do before the arrival of the doctor:

Lay the child on its side, or take it in your arms to prevent vomit from entering the respiratory tract. If vomiting occurs again, tilt the baby's torso slightly forward to eliminate the risk.
Don't give any food. After an attack, you need to give a little boiled warm water so that vomit does not accumulate on the esophagus (which can lead to erosion).
Change and wash the child, if possible, rinse his mouth. It is also necessary to clear the nasal passages from possible blockage with emetic contents.
If diarrhea is observed, wash and change the baby.
In case of food poisoning, you can give a little soluble enterosorbent (Smecta, activated carbon or its analogues).
At high temperature (above 38 degrees), give an antipyretic. For these purposes, it is best to keep paracetamol suppositories or its analogues in the refrigerator.

Main tactic: keep calm. Children are very susceptible to the mood of their parents, so excessive nervousness and tantrums will only worsen the condition of the little one. If hospitalization cannot be avoided, it is worth preparing all the necessary things and documents in advance.

Treatment

The optimal treatment plan is determined by a specialist and only after finding out the real cause of vomiting. To do this, you must provide complete information about the child, the frequency of seizures and possible nutritional errors, or suspicion of injury.

Assessment of the child's condition, the need to replenish the water and electrolyte balance, as well as medical treatment carried out in a hospital, will help to quickly and effectively eliminate vomiting and related symptoms. In case of acute surgical pathologies or congenital problems of the gastrointestinal tract, an operative method is used.

Effects

Usually a single attack of vomiting does not require specific treatment, and does not require serious treatment. If possible, you should contact your pediatrician to find out the possible cause and eliminate possible errors. This is necessary so that such a situation does not happen again, as well as to reassure parents.

If vomiting appears regularly, or is of an ongoing nature, it is worth learning about the serious consequences that can occur if you do not go to a medical facility.

What can vomiting lead to?

Dehydration of the body. Children very quickly lose their entire supply of fluids and minerals, so alarming symptoms can appear within a few hours. This is dryness of the lips, their blueness, urinary retention and even loss of consciousness.
The development of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Not only the absorption of nutrients is disturbed, but the esophagus is damaged by vomit.
The development of infection and intoxication of the body. This is typical for food poisoning, in which toxins enter the bloodstream and cause damage to the central nervous system, as well as internal organs.
Brain activity may be impaired. If vomiting is caused by meningitis or brain injury, it is necessary to act immediately, because we are talking about the life of the child.
Frequent vomiting, even in the absence of other symptoms, there may be signs of tumors of various localization. That is why a complete examination of the baby may be necessary.

Vomiting in infants is very common and is not always harmless regurgitation. If the child is restless, normal development is disturbed and other symptoms are observed, it is urgent to show the baby to the doctor.

In the case of frequent and profuse vomiting, dehydration can develop, so you need to know how to help the child in such cases.

Self-medication or refusal of hospitalization can lead to a tragic ending, therefore, for an accurate examination and adequate treatment, be sure to contact the appropriate specialist.

Severe vomiting without diarrhea and temperature can be a sign of a number of diseases: pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and inflammation of the digestive organs, neurological abnormalities, problems with the endocrine system, traumatic brain injury. It is important in this situation to exclude cases of acute surgery - appendicitis and intestinal obstruction.

Vomiting is never an independent disease. It's always a symptom. As a rule, it is accompanied by diarrhea and fever, or one of these two symptoms. These are characteristic signs of any intestinal infection, some diseases of a viral nature, toxic infection or chemical poisoning. What can vomiting in a child say without fever and diarrhea?

Main reasons

Food poisoning and indigestion. Usually, with food poisoning, a child has vomiting and diarrhea without fever or with fever. However, with a slight intoxication, only the stomach can react in the form of a single vomiting. It also happens with indigestion, overeating, taking some kind of medication.
Problems with metabolism. Most metabolic disorders are hereditary. First of all, it is diabetes. To diagnose metabolic disorders, the doctor will recommend taking a blood test for hormones and enzymes, and doing an ultrasound scan of the digestive system and kidneys. The child may have an individual intolerance to whole cow's milk, glucose, cereals, fruits and other products. Treatment in this case is to eliminate unwanted foods from the diet.
Neurological disorders and congenital pathologies. There is such a thing as cerebral vomiting. She points out that the root cause is neurological abnormalities. They could appear even during the intrauterine development of the fetus, during birth trauma and asphyxia. Congenital cerebral pathology and other abnormalities can provoke profuse vomiting with a fountain or leakage of food from the esophagus. Vomiting is a characteristic symptom of concussion, traumatic brain injury, brain tumors in children of any age. Associated symptoms: headaches, nausea, dizziness. Vomiting can also accompany migraines in children. Alas, this disease has recently become noticeably younger. Also, vomiting often occurs with meningitis, encephalitis, epilepsy.
Intestinal obstruction, or intussusception. It can be congenital and acquired, complete and partial. It occurs in newborns, children up to a year and older. It occurs when one of the sections of the intestine does not contract and does not push the feces towards the rectum. Together with vomiting, the child may develop cramping, sharp pains in the abdomen, weakness, pale skin, stools in the form of raspberry jelly streaked with mucus and blood. Intussusception is most often treated surgically.
Foreign body in the esophagus. Such an emergency most often happens with children from one to three years old, who are trying to try everything “by the tooth”. Typical symptoms: pain when swallowing, difficulty swallowing food, foamy formations in the throat, refusal to eat, restless behavior, crying, shortness of breath with a large foreign body. Signs may vary depending on the size of the object and in which part of the esophagus it is stuck. Vomiting is frequent and repeated, but does not bring relief. Long-term presence of a foreign body in the esophagus is dangerous with complications and can be life-threatening. Diagnosed by X-ray.
Acute appendicitis. In infants occurs in extremely rare cases. Children of preschool and school age complain of pain in the right side, in the navel. The main symptoms: severe pain, frequent bowel movements and urination, lack of appetite, repeated vomiting. There may be a slight increase in temperature and diarrhea.
Inflammation of the digestive organs. These include stomach ulcers, gastritis, colitis, gastroduodenitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and other diseases. A common symptom of acute gastritis is recurrent vomiting. Also, the child may have vomiting with diarrhea without fever. In the vomit, an admixture of mucus and bile is often found. Gastritis in children provokes the nature of nutrition, lifestyle, psycho-emotional state, complications after infectious diseases.
Pyloric stenosis. Congenital narrowing of the passage between the stomach and duodenum. This leads to the fact that the food lingers in the stomach, under pressure is pushed out. Symptoms of pyloric stenosis are detected during the first days of a newborn's life. After each meal there is profuse vomiting fountain. The child loses fluid and weight, which is life-threatening. Only surgical intervention in the early stages helps to get rid of pyloric stenosis.
Pylorospasm. The stomach and duodenum are separated by a valve called the pylorus. Under the influence of the hormone gastrin, the pylorus muscles are in good shape up to about 4 months. With constant spasm, the passage of food from the stomach to the intestines is difficult. Unlike pyloric stenosis, with spasm of the pylorus, vomiting is not so frequent and plentiful. With this functional disorder, a transition to specialized nutrition of a thick consistency is recommended - antireflux mixtures. If the baby is breastfeeding, the doctor may prescribe a small amount of formula before each breastfeed. Of the medications, antispasmodics can be prescribed. A good weight gain and the general well-being of the baby indicate a favorable prognosis for pylorospasm.
Cardiospasm. Violation of the motor function of the esophagus. It expands greatly when food enters it. The lower esophageal sphincter (cardia) is narrowed, is in good shape, which provokes the impossibility of further movement of food into the stomach. Vomiting occurs during meals or immediately after meals, accompanied by coughing. The child may complain of chest pain. Persistent cardiospasm is dangerous because children do not receive the necessary amount of nutrition, do not gain weight and may lag behind in development. It is treated conservatively, that is, with the help of drugs. Surgery is indicated when medical therapy fails.
acetone crisis. Characteristic symptoms: the smell of acetone from the mouth, nausea, weakness, headache. The causes of acetonemic syndrome have not been precisely established. The most likely of them: fatty foods, constant overeating or, conversely, long breaks between meals, physical activity, emotional outbursts, intestinal infections, metabolic disorders, tumors. It is most common in children between the ages of two and ten. Acetone is found in urine and blood during the test. A hallmark of acetonic syndrome is sudden, repeated and profuse vomiting. It may last several days. The danger of an acetonic crisis is in a sharp dehydration of the body, which can lead to convulsions and loss of consciousness.
neurotic vomiting. Typical for children after three years. It is called functional, psychogenic vomiting. Occurs during severe anxiety, overexcitation, fright. In the language of psychosomatics, vomiting means rejection, rejection of something. Neurotic vomiting may be a reaction to unpalatable food that is forced to be eaten. It can also be demonstrative in children deprived of parental attention. With persistent neurotic vomiting, a psychotherapist is engaged in the treatment of the child and parent-child relationships.
Complementary foods for infants and a one-year-old child. Vomiting and diarrhea without fever in a child up to a year and at 1 year old can occur as a single reaction to complementary foods, the introduction of some new dishes into the diet. In this situation, it is worth temporarily canceling the product. Usually such a reaction happens to fatty foods or a large volume.

Features of diagnosis and treatment

Treatment of vomiting without fever in a child is effective if the cause of this symptom is precisely established. And it can be difficult to do this, since vomiting is a “companion” of diseases of a different nature.

How is the diagnosis carried out

There are several effective methods of examination for profuse vomiting.

Visually. The quantity, presence of impurities (pus, bile, blood, mucus), color, smell, consistency of vomit - all these parameters will help the doctor determine the type of vomiting characteristic of a particular disease.
Laboratory study of vomit. Confirms or refutes the preliminary diagnosis.
Instrumental examination of the digestive system. Ultrasound, gastrofibroscopy (study with a probe), X-ray.

How is the treatment carried out

If the diagnosis is established, then narrow specialists are engaged in the treatment of the disease.

Pediatrician. The first doctor to contact for repeated bouts of vomiting in a child. He will refer you for examination to narrow specialists.
Gastroenterologist. Engaged in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Therapy can be carried out in a hospital and at home. The disease is treated with medication, and a strict diet is also important.
Neurologist. All attacks of cerebral vomiting are associated with neurology. Medical treatment, physiotherapy, massage are also prescribed.
Surgeon. Acute appendicitis, pyloric stenosis, intestinal obstruction, cardiospasm, foreign body in the esophagus - all these situations are considered by a pediatric surgeon.

When to call an ambulance? In all cases of emergency care, which are accompanied by bouts of severe vomiting: head injuries, epileptic seizures, convulsions, severe dehydration, loss of consciousness, poisoning with drugs and household chemicals, hematemesis, intestinal obstruction, symptom "acute abdomen", ingress of a foreign body into the esophagus and vomit into the respiratory tract.

What should parents do

What are the complications of repeated and severe vomiting

Dehydration. A sharp loss of fluid disrupts the water-salt balance in the body, and this leads to serious consequences - malfunctions of all vital organs. With extremely severe degrees of dehydration, convulsions and loss of consciousness are observed. This condition is especially dangerous for infants.
Weight loss. Dangerous for infants, premature and small children. In such babies, critical weight loss can occur within a day.
Bleeding. With persistent vomiting, the mucous membrane of the stomach and esophagus is injured, blood vessels burst, as a result, blood may appear in the vomit.
Danger of suffocation from vomit inhaled. Infants and unconscious children are at highest risk.
aspiration pneumonia. Occurs when vomit enters the lungs. Gastric juice is dangerous for lung tissue. Inpatient treatment is required: suction of mucus from the trachea, antibiotic therapy, if necessary - artificial ventilation of the lungs.

You can not hesitate and self-medicate in such situations.

Vomiting in a child without fever can be a single reflex reaction to some kind of irritant: the baby choked, coughed heavily, or ate something tasteless. This is due to the increased gag reflex in children. However, repeated, profuse vomiting that is not associated with intestinal infections can signal a number of serious diseases. In this case, you should definitely consult a doctor.

I would like to start with the fact that vomiting in infants can be harmless, for example, due to ordinary overeating, but it can also be a serious symptom that absolutely cannot be ignored. First of all, vomiting threatens with extreme dehydration of the child's body. Just think - having lost only 10% of the fluid from the main water content in the body, the child is in mortal danger. What are the common causes of vomiting in newborns, we will now consider.

Causes of vomiting in infants

Overfeeding;
maternal hygiene;
The diet of a nursing mother;
Change of mixtures;
The introduction of complementary foods;
Poisoning;
Intestinal infection;
Appendicitis;
Concussion.

If the child is vomiting and the child does not want to take the breast / mixture, the child is lethargic, the child has vomiting and fever, the baby vomits more than three times a day - in this case, you should not self-medicate, but you need to call an ambulance.

Overfeeding

This is the single most harmless type of vomiting, otherwise referred to. If the child has eaten an amount of food that his stomach is not able to place and digest, part of the food eaten by the baby will simply vomit. Vomiting differs from vomiting in that it does not splash out with force, and sometimes it simply flows out of the child's mouth.

What to do in this case?

Don't overfeed your baby, don't shake or bathe him after eating. Half an hour of quiet pastime, and that's enough, after that you can engage in active activities and activities with your child.

Hygiene and diet of a nursing mother

Vomiting in a child can be the result of non-compliance with hygiene rules by the mother when feeding the baby. This can lead to serious infectious diseases. If the child is breastfed, the mother must follow the rules of hygiene:

Wash the breast before and after feeding ();
Monitor your own proper nutrition.

The quality of breast milk, and, consequently, the health of the baby, depends on how the nutrition of a young mother is organized. The mother's consumption of fatty, salty, spicy foods undoubtedly affects the composition of breast milk and can lead not only to vomiting, but also to a violation of the digestive process.

Therefore, every mother, regardless of how the baby reacts to breastfeeding, whether he has allergic reactions or not, must follow the recommendations for proper nutrition. (We read)

Change of mixtures

Very often, vomiting in children of 1 year of age can be triggered by a change in the mixture. The body of a child, accustomed to the composition of one mixture, may "oppose" and not accept another mixture. If you often change the milk mixture, the matter may be limited not only to vomiting, but also to more serious disorders (allergies, dysbacteriosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction).

In this regard, it is necessary:

Choose the most suitable milk formula that the child consumes with pleasure (See the article about);
Try not to change the mixture unless there is a good reason;
Consult with your local pediatrician if you are going to change the mixture.

Vomiting due to food

The introduction of complementary foods can also cause the baby to vomit. Do not panic if vomiting was a one-time occurrence. Most likely, this is the reaction of the body to a new product. However, if vomiting occurs after each feeding, you should pay special attention to this. In this case:

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Follow the advice of the pediatrician on the rules of complementary foods;
Start complementary foods with products that contain one component (apple puree, pear juice) - this will make it easier to identify the body's reaction to a certain component;
Do not use puree or juice that has already been offered to the baby to feed the baby, open a new jar each time;
Make sure that the product has not expired;
Choose a quality manufacturer of baby food;
Give your baby small portions of complementary foods, even if he can eat all the contents at once.

Poisoning

A particularly dangerous cause of vomiting. If the baby ate poor-quality food, then the first reaction of the body is to remove it from the stomach and prevent the absorption of harmful substances into the blood by any means.

What to do if a child vomits when poisoned?

First of all, call an emergency ambulance. Your task is to prevent the body from losing a lot of fluid, so every fifteen minutes offer the baby a teaspoon of clean boiled water. If the stomach is irritated and cannot hold water yet, do not increase the amount of water, but offer to give. As soon as the child can take water without vomiting, offer already a tablespoon.
Another symptom of poisoning can be loose stools, diarrhea. Dilute in a bottle or give the child the drug "Smecta" as an adsorbent from a spoon ( 1 sachet for 50 ml of water), or an activated charcoal tablet dissolved in water and wait for the doctor to arrive.

Intestinal infection

Causes vomiting, diarrhea, ie. large loss of fluid from the body.

What to do?

If the child is too small and refuses to drink, it may be necessary to replace the loss with intravenous fluid replacement as prescribed by the doctor. Such a disease is treated in a hospital, because it poses a threat to the life of an infant. Treated with antibacterial drugs.

concussion

Vomiting can be a symptom of a concussion.

What to do?

If your baby has fallen from any height - from a bed, a chair, a changing table - pick up without hesitation 03 . Monitor the condition of the child - loss of consciousness, unreasonable long crying, discoordination of movements - everything speaks of a concussion. The opinion that if a child falls from a height no higher than his own height, then everything is in order is a myth. You will most likely have to take an x-ray and ultrasound of your child's brain to make sure the integrity of the baby's organs. A concussion may not manifest itself immediately, even a week after the fall, so it’s better to be safe right away, because if you lose time, you can face irreparable consequences.

Vomiting in infants can also be a symptom of a very serious illness or dysfunction of the body (appendicitis, strangulated hernia, meningitis, severe gastroenteritis, pneumonia, and many others). If you suspect any of these, call an ambulance immediately. You, the parents, are solely responsible for the health of your child, so always be attentive to the well-being of your baby.

Appendicitis

Often, vomiting can occur with appendicitis in children. In addition to vomiting, with appendicitis, there is acute pain on the right side, nausea, changes in body temperature, and general weakness. Therefore, mothers should pay special attention to the well-being and complaints of the child and seek medical help in time.

Video: what to do if a child vomits

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Children's vomiting is a very common occurrence. Its reasons are varied. To determine them, you need to take into account the age, accompanying symptoms: the presence or absence of fever, diarrhea, the content of vomit, etc. Vomiting in a child without fever does not mean the absence of the disease, sometimes in such cases the help of a doctor is needed. The center of the nervous system, responsible for its occurrence is located in the medulla oblongata. Impulses can come from completely different internal organs, the vestibular apparatus and cortical centers of perception. Sometimes vomiting occurs as a result of exposure to the medulla oblongata of various toxins, drugs.

If a child vomits suddenly and without fever, what should be done before the doctor arrives? First aid should be provided during and immediately after emptying the stomach.

Necessary:

make sure that the child does not choke - do not let him throw his head back, do not lay him on his back, you need to turn his head to one side, preferably raising it by 30 °;
after vomiting, rinse the child's mouth with warm water or wipe the mouth, corners of the mouth and lips with a wet cotton swab. Instead of water, you can use a weak disinfectant solution, such as potassium permanganate or boric acid;
often give the child small portions to drink, the water should be cool, for older children - cold. To eliminate vomiting, you can add a few mint drops, use Regidron. For children under one year old, give 2 teaspoons every 5 minutes, from a year to 3 years - 3, from 3 years - 4.

If the attack of vomiting is single and is not accompanied by fever, diarrhea, deterioration in the general condition of the child, you can wait a little while calling the doctor.

All you need to do is to carefully monitor the baby and in case of deterioration, the appearance of additional symptoms, seek medical help.

Grounds for calling an ambulance

Vomiting in a child without fever may be a sign of some serious illness, including those requiring immediate surgical intervention. Therefore, you can not delay seeking medical help and self-medicate.

You need to call an ambulance immediately if:

vomiting is repeated often, does not stop;
the child cannot be drunk due to the frequent eruption of vomit;
there are additional symptoms - high fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain;
fainting, semi-consciousness or, conversely, excessive excitability (crying, screaming, motor activity) appear;
severe pain in the abdomen, combined with its swelling and constipation;
vomiting arose after eating products of dubious quality, chemical additives, drugs;
vomiting arose after a head injury, a fall, a blow - an urgent examination by a neurologist is needed;
there is lethargy, drowsiness, convulsions, fever.

If vomiting happened once or twice, the stool is liquid or normal, while the child normally drinks water, plays, sleeps well, then it is not necessary to call an ambulance, but you should contact the local pediatrician.

Diseases accompanied by vomiting without fever

Some serious illnesses in a child may be accompanied by diarrhea, nausea and vomiting without fever. Most often this is observed in the following diseases.

Intestinal infections: typhoid fever, etc. These diseases may be accompanied by high fever, but sometimes it remains normal. Vomiting occurs without connection with food, may occur one or more times.

Vomit is always the same. Often the diarrhea is more pronounced, the feces are liquid, sometimes with foam, mucus, and have a pungent odor. The child is capricious and restless, exhausted, becomes drowsy and lethargic. Refuses to eat and drink, seldom or does not pee at all. Dehydration sets in.

Treatment is carried out only inpatiently in children under one year old, at an older age at home or in a hospital. Absorbent drugs, antibiotic, antiviral and rehydrating agents, probiotics are prescribed. Painkillers and antipyretics may be used as needed.

Food poisoning. Often occurs after the use of canned food, dairy products, mashed meat and fruits. Nausea and vomiting occur after eating, repeated several times. The stool is liquid with blood streaks. Characterized by severe paroxysmal pain in the abdomen.

The general state of health becomes worse, the child is naughty, cries, quickly gets tired and becomes lethargic. Refuses to eat and drink. If a child is 3 years old or younger and vomiting without fever appears due to food poisoning, then he needs to be hospitalized.

Treatment for older children can be arranged at home. Gastric lavage is carried out, absorbent agents, rehydrating drugs, prebiotics, anti-spasm and inflammation agents are prescribed.

Allergy to a food or drug. Attacks of vomiting and diarrhea occur after the child has eaten. The masses contain undigested product. In addition, skin rashes, swelling of the mucous membranes, and difficulty in breathing may appear. Treatment can be arranged at home or in a hospital.

The basis of therapy is antiallergic drugs. Absorbents and hormonal agents may be prescribed.

Dysbacteriosis. In this condition, vomiting appears infrequently, stools with foam, sometimes replaced by constipation. Flatulence, whitish plaque in the oral cavity is revealed.

Possible skin itching, peeling, rash. Treatment is carried out at home and boils down to correcting the diet and restoring the balance of microflora with the help of probiotics.

Intestinal intussusception. Without an increase in temperature, the child develops vomiting with bile. Cramping pains in the epigastrium are accompanied by screaming and crying. Stool jelly-like, streaked with blood. Treatment is possible only surgical.

Acute form of gastritis, duodenitis. Nausea appears first, then profuse repeated vomiting with bile. There is bloating, pain, loss of appetite. Therapeutic activities are carried out at home. The main methods are diet correction, frequent drinking, taking probiotics.

Diseases of the pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Vomiting occurs after eating, one or more times. Vomit with bile and particles of food. Accompanying symptoms: severe pain in the epigastrium, regurgitation of air and gases, loss of appetite. Inpatient treatment with the use of hepatoprotectors or drugs with enzymes, painkillers, adherence to a therapeutic diet.

Diseases of the central nervous system(ischemia, hydrocephalus, tumors, intracranial pressure). Vomiting is frequent. In the behavior of the child, anxiety changes to lethargy. Babies also have a bulging fontanel.

Treatment, depending on the disease, is carried out at home or in the hospital. It includes taking drugs that restore cell nutrition. With hydrocephalus and tumors - surgical methods.

Swallowing a foreign object. Vomiting of food particles with mucus, sometimes with blood. Breathing is disturbed, the child is restless. Two options for help: observation and expectation of a natural exit along with a stool or surgery.

Diseases accompanied by vomiting without fever in children under one year old

Gastroesophageal reflux. There are few erupting masses and they have a sour smell. Emptying of the stomach occurs immediately after feeding. The child often hiccups, cries, worries. Hypersalvation is noted.

Treatment is possible at home. Means blocking the release of hydrochloric acid and antacids are prescribed. It is also necessary to adjust the frequency and volume of feedings.

Pyloric stenosis. The vomit is plentiful, homogeneous, thrown out by a jet under pressure half an hour after feeding. The symptom appears 2-3 days after birth. The child loses weight, dehydration, convulsions occur. Treatment is surgical, urgent.

Pylorospasm. The newborn has profuse vomiting. Conservative treatment can be arranged at home. Recommended fractional feeding in small portions and warm compresses on the abdomen. If these methods fail, surgery is necessary.

Congenital diverticulum of the esophagus. Slight vomiting of digested milk or mixture is observed. The disease leads to some weight loss, is treated surgically.

Causes of vomiting that do not require treatment

In some cases, vomiting that occurs in a child without fever does not require treatment. All that needs to be done is to eliminate the causes of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract.

Spitting up leftover food in babies- a normal phenomenon that occurs 2-3 times a day. The volume of the outgoing masses is about 1–1.5 teaspoons. The reasons may be an excessive amount of food, the horizontal position of the baby, insufficient development of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. In order to eliminate the symptom, you need to feed the child with a raised head, make a "soldier" (hold vertically) after each feeding, do not overfeed.

Eruption of milk teeth. Vomiting is not profuse, does not affect body weight and appetite. The cause may be swallowing air, feeding during severe pain. To eliminate the symptom, you need to use special gum gels and teethers, massage the gums.

Feeding introduction. Single vomiting due to insufficient amount of enzymes, non-acceptance of the product by the child's body. Help lies in the temporary elimination of the product.

Psychogenic vomiting in children after 3 years. It can develop against the background of stress, anxiety, or as a reaction to food refusal. It is necessary to eliminate the stressful situation, if this does not help, contact a psychologist.

Indigestion. Attacks of vomiting and loose stools with particles of undigested food. You need to reconsider the diet and give the child more fluids.

Climate change. Vomiting and diarrhea may occur once or twice, and pass as the child adapts to new conditions.

Activities prohibited during vomiting

If the child has vomiting, in no case should you:

Do a gastric lavage if the child is unconscious.
Without the recommendation of a doctor, give the child antispasmodics and antiemetics.
Do gastric lavage with antiseptic solutions.
Choose your own antibiotics.
Do not come for a second examination if the state of health has returned to normal and the symptoms have disappeared.

Useful video about the causes of vomiting in a child

Today we will look at the main causes of vomiting in a child. First, let's define this unpleasant phenomenon. Vomiting in a newborn is a physiological action of the baby's body, aimed at removing food and other substances by reverse movement (antiperistalsis). It should be remembered that the manifestation of vomiting in children is a purely reflex act (unconscious action), although in some cases, thanks to volitional efforts, adults are able to cause such gastric movements.

The first and most common cause of such a phenomenon as vomiting in a newborn is abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, however, this is not always the case. For example, in newborn babies, the process of regurgitation of consumed food often occurs, which is by no means a gastric pathology. Such a manifestation may be associated with overeating, but most often it is simply a physiological feature. If the child spits up a little, then this is not a reason for medical intervention.

The next reason, which is in second place in terms of frequency, is intestinal diseases or an allergic reaction to certain food components (milk, complementary foods). If the process of vomiting in your child is accompanied by uncharacteristic rashes, you should immediately contact a pediatrician who will prescribe further treatment aimed at eliminating allergic manifestations.

If it concerns a gastric infection, then the necessary measures will depend entirely on the severity of the child's condition. Mild infection with no febrile manifestations can be pacified at home (under the supervision of the attending physician).

Urgent medical care is required if the vomiting cycles do not stop in any way, the body becomes even more dehydrated, the general condition of the baby worsens, and the body temperature rises. Often, with such problems, it is necessary to hospitalize the child. Advice to parents: do not resist such measures, because in most cases the only way to replace the lost fluid is through a direct infusion through a vein (dropper). Antibacterial substances can also be injected in the same way to eliminate the infection.

By the way, vomiting in a newborn and a young child can also occur with ordinary acute respiratory viral infections, accompanied by high fever and general intoxication of the body.

Another common cause of vomiting in newborn babies may be pyloric stenosis, which occurs as a result of a malformation of the stomach (more precisely, its pyloric section). In this case, proper treatment is carried out only by a surgical method, which depends on the severity of the disease. But pyloric stenosis should not be confused with outwardly very similar pylorospasm. With pylorospasm, there are no violations of the patency of food.

Profuse vomiting in a newborn - a "fountain" - may be associated with immaturity or damage to the central nervous system that occurred during pregnancy or during unsuccessful birth. A neurologist must help to cope with this scourge.

Also, the cause of vomiting can be a disease (meningitis) or an injury. In this case, vomiting does not bring the desired relief (the child does not calm down after an attack), but only causes additional pain, since it is primarily associated with a disorder of the vomiting center.

Sometimes vomiting occurs in children under one year old, who are in good health and receive good nutrition. This happens due to the occurrence of which act directly on the child's brain (acetonemic vomiting). This may be a symptom of diabetes, but most often this vomiting occurs due to excess consumption of fat, which is why the pancreas is simply not able to digest them.

And the last reason for vomiting is neuropsychiatric disorders, which are often not so easy to deal with. The conditions for the occurrence of vomiting attacks can be completely different: for the smallest, this is a meeting with a stranger, the absence of parents; in older children - longing, unwillingness to do anything, fear. To help in this situation are called upon, and it will not be superfluous to consult a child psychotherapist.

Vomiting in a baby is a formidable symptom that cannot be ignored - be sure to consult a doctor to determine the cause and prescribe treatment! Self-medication is dangerous and can lead to sad consequences.

During vomiting, never (!) leave the baby alone, hold it upright and rinse your mouth with boiled water.