Negative Rh factor and abortion. Questions Termination of pregnancy with a negative Rh factor

According to medical statistics, a lot of lives are not saved due to the fact that people simply did not know their blood type or Rh.

And as for pregnancies, not knowing that a woman is Rh-negative, and not providing the necessary medical care, could cost the life of the fetus. Simply put, this is one of the causes of miscarriages.

Now, of course, this does not happen - the 21st century is in the yard - but the problem of Rh-negativity in pregnant women remains.

What is the Rh factor?

Human blood is examined in the laboratory and is constantly studied. At the same time, more and more new systems of “calculation and reading” of information that any liquid carries, and blood, being a biological fluid, even more so, appear.

There is an ABO system. Within this system, one of the most important antigens is secreted - antigen D. It is he who determines the Rhesus of human blood.

If D is found on the surface of red blood cells, then the person whose blood was taken for analysis is Rh positive. If there is no D antigen in the blood, then it is safe to say that the Rh factor is negative.

It is on the basis of the definition of this antigen that laboratory studies are carried out to determine the Rh factor of a person. Medicine has stepped far forward, so they are done very quickly and are not difficult.

By the way, every person needs to know both the blood group and the Rh factor. This may be needed in emergency situations, during blood transfusion, and even more so for pregnant women.

What is Rhesus conflict?

When the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, the probability that their child will also be Rh positive is more than 60%.

A “negative” mother, carrying a “positive” child, exchanges nutrients with him through the blood in the course of life and the course of pregnancy. And this is where the mother's body can "smell something wrong."

Clinically, this can be determined in such a way that antibodies will appear in her blood, and their number may begin to increase rapidly. The body produces these antibodies to fight the D antigen present in the blood of a "positive" child.

Of course, no mother wishes harm to her child, but this is how the human body works: having noticed that “something is not going according to the scheme”, or rather, “the schemes do not match”, it begins to destroy what, in its opinion, is wrong. In this case, it is the blood of a little man. Rhesus conflict occurs.

No matter how scary this name may sound, the Rh conflict can be smoothed out by infusing the child with “negative” blood, and a disease such as hematuria may not occur. It is a fairly rare occurrence, and we will talk about it a little later.

Situations leading to Rhesus conflict

• "negative" woman + "positive" man;
• the second and subsequent pregnancies of a woman with a negative Rh factor;
• the ingestion of the baby's blood into the mother's body during the first pregnancy;
• blood transfusion performed by the mother before pregnancy and without taking into account the Rh factor;
• pathologies during pregnancy: placental abruption and intrauterine bleeding requiring hospitalization;
• at mother.

If the child's father is also "negative", then, most likely, the child will again go to the father, and the pregnancy will go smoothly.

But even if the mother is “negative”, the father is “positive”, and the child is “positive”, do not get depressed! Modern medicine is quite able to provide you with the opportunity to endure and give birth to a healthy baby, no different from others.

Blood will need to be donated, perhaps, every week. However, all pregnant women for more than later dates I donate blood every week, this is only at the earliest - once every two months, and then once a month.

Features of pregnancy with negative Rh

Negative Rh factor is not a pathology, and the pregnancy of such a woman is by no means unnatural.

Of course, you need to know your Rh (and the Rh of the child), and you need to be prepared for complications, but in many cases, the pregnancy of a “negative woman” is completely normal. Especially if the father of the child is also “negative”. However, even if this is not the case, it is still not worth worrying ahead of time.

During the first pregnancy

During the first pregnancy the risk of its abnormal course is especially small, because the body of a pregnant woman has not yet developed antibodies to the antigens of the baby, and with maintenance therapy in stationary conditions, pregnancy can go more or less smoothly.

There is a small risk of anemia in the child(lack of blood), but this problem is eliminated by transfusion. A woman should be under the constant supervision of an obstetrician-gynecologist, and her blood should be analyzed weekly, or even more often to control the appearance of antibodies in the blood.

Modern medicine allows you to artificially reduce their number so that the child can develop freely in the womb, and bring the pregnancy to an end.

During childbirth there will be a peak in the formation of antibodies to the blood of a Rh-positive fetus by the woman's body as a result of blood loss, and it makes sense to introduce a drug that will suppress the development of such antibodies in the future.

In many ways, it makes sense to do this if a woman is again planning a pregnancy with an Rh-positive man. This drug immunoglobulin, will help to significantly reduce in the future " side effects» Rh-negative pregnancy.

Second and subsequent pregnancies

If the injection of Rh-immunoglobulin to a woman was not done, then the risks increase with each subsequent pregnancy. This is where the more serious problems begin: we are no longer talking about mild anemia and problems that are easily solved by blood transfusion.

The child may develop pathology characteristic of pregnant mothers with a negative Rh, - hemolytic disease. If it is suspected, a pregnant woman is immediately hospitalized: it may be necessary to artificially support the life of a child in the womb. We will have to reduce their biological metabolism as much as possible, as if "protecting" the child from the antibodies of the mother's body.

If fetal red blood cells continue to be severely destroyed, bilirubin rises, jaundice begins. Gradually, the brain may begin to collapse, in general, even if doctors manage to take this process under control, the chances of giving birth healthy child fall sharply.

So immunoglobulin vaccine matters more if you are planning a subsequent pregnancy with a "positive" or "negative" man.

In addition, there are cases when the second or third pregnancy of a “negative” woman has to be interrupted artificially, because the further bearing of the child becomes inexpedient and inhumane - neither for the parents, nor for the baby.

BUT after an abortion the subsequent pregnancy of a woman with a negative "Rhesus" is out of the question.

The impact of negative Rh on the health of the baby

Birth may occur prematurely due to stress and constant medical interventions. This in itself is not dangerous. In general, a child can be born completely normal, but he will immediately take blood for analysis.

In the first years of life, the baby may suffer from elevated bilirubin levels in the blood., which means that serious physical exertion will be contraindicated for him.

The fact is that such a diagnosis implies high blood pressure on the brain and stress on the liver. The child will have to be protected from hepatitis all his life.

However, modern drugs are able to maintain the liver at the proper level for many years, and over time, due to the reserves of the young body, the child's condition can improve to almost normal.

As a treat, he will be shown a hematogen - to increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Otherwise, in adolescence depression, apathy, aggravated by hypotension - low blood pressure may begin.

Such a child needs sports in reasonable quantities: it is very important for him to be in good shape, then all his organs will be in good shape, and bilirubin will gradually normalize.

In short, do not be afraid and do not worry: this is a healthy baby who, in order to achieve success in life, will not be hindered in the slightest by the fact that his mother had a negative Rh blood factor!

The main thing is to monitor his health and do not allow overload. However, as you can see, such advice is relevant for almost all babies born in our century. So let's repeat it again: a child from a "negative" mother is normal.

Features of pregnancy management in women with negative Rh

It is advisable to immediately lie down for preservation so that doctors are nearby when their help is needed.

Always have Rh negative blood on hand for transfusion in case the mother's antibodies begin to multiply too quickly and pose a threat to the fetus.

In principle, the case is not ruled out that the pregnancy will proceed quite calmly. In this case, the weak immune system of the mother will “be on hand”, which will not have time to detect something “alien” in her body during the period of gestation.

True, in this case, the expectant mother needs to be provided with comfortable conditions for inpatient living and to exclude any possibility of contracting colds. This is especially worth paying attention to during the shutdown of heating or hot water: you will have to take care of yourself.

Maternal blood test for antibodies done at least once a week, drugs aimed at combating them are used only in extreme cases, but still it is better not to bring the need for transfusion.

Prevention and treatment of Rhesus conflict

It depends on how effectively preventive measures are carried out by a qualified doctor, whether the treatment of the Rh conflict is needed at all, or whether light supporting procedures can be dispensed with.

However, the doctor's arsenal for prevention is not so great: the most important thing is to catch the moment when the mother's body begins to react too violently to the fetus. In a blood test for antibodies, all this is perfectly visible. The ideal situation would be when there are no antibodies yet, and the pregnancy proceeds calmly.

As soon as antibodies appear in the mother's blood, the doctor must continuously monitor the child's condition. If he does not have enough blood, he may begin oxygen starvation and anemia, which is quite dangerous. To avoid this, blood with a negative Rh factor, like that of a mother, is injected into the child through the umbilical cord, constantly monitoring his condition on monitors.

Sometimes an injection of immunoglobulin may be necessary., which suppresses the production of antibodies by the mother's body that destroy the erythrocytes of the fetus. But this is only if the risk is justified, and in other ways it becomes more and more difficult to maintain the viability of the fetus.

After the baby is born, most likely no treatment will be required. Maximum - you have to "clean" the blood a little and normalize all vital signs.

2013-10-15 07:52:41

Margaret asks:

Thank you very much for your answer. On your advice, I passed an antibody test and got a trace. result: in the test tube 1 blood group, Rh-negative, incomplete AT-NOT DETECTED, complete AT-NOT DETECTED, antibodies b and B -ATITER AT NOT DETECTED. I can’t understand, is this analysis specifically for titers of Rh antibodies or some others? I’m just confused, I don’t have the opportunity to get to the doctor at the moment, please help me figure it out ... Thank you in advance for your answer and for your work Previous correspondence Margarita question: Good afternoon. I have a question for you, I had many pregnancies, a total of 7-9 (of which two births, 4 abortions, and miscarriages) I have 1 negative blood type, my husband has 1 positive, now more about pregnancies, January 2005 - childbirth (the child is Rh negative, his father is different), the second abortion was April 2006, the third miscarriage was in November 2006, the fourth abortion was May 2008 (under medical indications, not related to Rh conflict) , February 2009 miscarriage, in March of the same year she became pregnant again and gave birth to a daughter, with the first positive blood (like her father) - there were no antibodies at all during pregnancy, after the daughter there were 2 abortions, in 2010 and 2013, in 2013, pregnancy occurred against the background of vivok KOKAV pierced all 6 pieces + there were more vaccinations ... and she had to be interrupted, we want another baby with my husband, what is the probability of a Rh conflict in this case if antibodies have never been produced before? or all of them there is a possibility that my body does not perceive positive fetal blood? Regarding my husband, he is most likely homozygous, since he was born from both positive parents, which both had first posit. blood types .. Thank you in advance for your answer, tell me what to do with planning or is it better not to plan children anymore ??? Purpura Roksolana Yosipovna info: Obstetrician-gynecologist of the first category answer: If you want more children, then why not plan?! I advise you to check the presence of antibodies outside of pregnancy, if the titer is increased, then plasmaphoresis is necessary before planning another pregnancy. If antibodies are not detected, then get pregnant and undergo ultrasound in dynamics and donate blood for anti-Rhesus antibodies, which are given at the first visit to the LCD, at 20 weeks and then every 4 weeks. If the child inherits your Rh, then there will be no Rh conflict, but it is impossible to calculate this in advance. In the absence of isoimmunization at 28-32 weeks. anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin is administered and then in the first 72 hours after birth at birth, a Rh (+) child. I wish you success!

Responsible Purpura Roksolana Yosipovna:

According to the results of the analysis, antibodies were not found in you, so you can plan a pregnancy. The next time the analysis will need to be retaken when registering with the LCD. Health to you and all the best!

2010-02-22 17:39:12

Irina asks:

I have a 2nd Rh negative blood group, my husband is the first positive. The pregnancy stopped at 8 weeks. They had an abortion, but anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin was not introduced. I didn't even know I was Rh negative. Although blood was donated during the abortion, I don’t know why they didn’t at least give it the next day ... After reading information on the Internet, I’m generally afraid of getting pregnant, because. all completely write about the possibility of having a sick child. What should I do? My husband and I really want children.

Responsible Medical consultant of the portal "site":

Hello Irina! It is not very clear what grounds you have to expect the birth of a sick child ... Miscellaneous groups blood and Rh factors of the spouses do not lead to the birth of sick children if the woman treats pregnancy with all responsibility. After the onset of a new pregnancy (not earlier than 3 months after curettage), you will need to be registered in a antenatal clinic in a timely manner and regularly donate blood for anti-Rh antibodies in order to timely detect signs of a developing Rhesus conflict. Even with Rhesus conflict (subject to timely provision medical care) in most cases, healthy children are born. Take care of your health!

2014-03-01 09:42:18

Elena asks:

Hello, I have 3 pregnancies, a period of 7 weeks, there was 1 abortion, 2 births, the children are negative, there were no antibodies during pregnancy, but yes, my blood type is 1-, my husband has 1+, the analysis showed a titer of 1: 2, doctor, says that it is not very good, advises abortion, what to do?

Responsible Purpura Roksolana Yosipovna:

Of course, it is difficult to predict, but the presence of an antibody titer is not a reason for terminating a pregnancy! It is necessary to monitor the development of pregnancy in dynamics.

2013-11-21 11:22:57

Irina asks:

Good afternoon, please tell me how to be. I am 31 years old, my husband is the same, I have a blood type 3, Rh negative, my husband has 1 (positive). I got pregnant 4 times, the first pregnancy was unsuccessful at 22 weeks, the fetus died (2003), the second pregnancy was successful and in 2005 our son was born, his blood type is 1 negative, after that, in 2007, at a period of 4 weeks, I foolishly interrupted pregnancy (abortion), in 2013 I really wanted to give birth to a second child, it didn’t work out for a long time, and finally in September it happened, but at a period of 7-8 weeks the embryo died, the ultrasound did not hear a heartbeat, although the development corresponded to the deadline, after the operation I received histologists - fibrinoid necrosis with hemorrhages, with focal inflammatory infiltration. How to proceed. whether it is worth planning a pregnancy, or stop and not take risks because of the Rhesus conflict. What are the current methods of prevention of Rhesus conflict.

Responsible Palyga Igor Evgenievich:

Have you received anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin? In any case, you need to donate blood for anti-Rhesus antibodies outside of pregnancy. If they are, then undergo a course of plasmapheresis. Otherwise, it will be possible to bear the child only if the fetus has Rh (-).

2012-06-02 06:31:51

Natalia asks:

Hello, my husband's blood type is 3+. The first pregnancy was frozen, after cleaning, anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin was immediately introduced. During the second pregnancy, antibodies appeared at 24 weeks. At 37 weeks, labor was induced because the titer increased. I won’t tell you exactly the titer, they didn’t tell me the last results, I have a piece of paper on my hands where the titer is written 1:128 (but it seemed to be 1:256). Why did antibodies appear if there was no Rh conflict during the first pregnancy and the risk should not have increased during the second pregnancy? And how to prepare for the next pregnancy? Local doctors are already saying that they will send her for an abortion. Is it true that the only chance of giving birth is if the child is Rh negative? Can antibody titer decrease after childbirth? Is it possible to carry out plasmapheresis before pregnancy to purify the blood? How much or as far as I understand immunity after such procedure decreases. Thanks for the answer.

Responsible Serpeninova Irina Viktorovna:

Plasmapheresis can be used to prepare for the next pregnancy. Have you had anti-Rh immunoglobulin after childbirth? Have you determined the level of antibodies outside of pregnancy? Feto-placental insufficiency contributes to the appearance of antibodies during pregnancy (which may have happened with your second pregnancy)

2009-11-18 21:36:32

Karina asks:

Good afternoon! Please tell me, is it possible to have abortions with blood group 4 negative? I was very scared about this that I would not be able to get pregnant anymore. Thanks in advance.

2009-05-15 19:59:05

Svetlana asks:

Hello!
I will tell you about my situation - I have the 1st blood group, the Rh factor is negative. My husband is Grade 3, Rh positive. the first pregnancy was accompanied by a threat of miscarriage (bleeding for a long time), after which we decided to have an abortion (for a period of about 8-9 weeks).
after an abortion, immunoglobulin was not pricked. I didn't know anything about it at the time.
the second attempt (in 2008) also had a complication - placental abruption started (at an early stage of 5-6 weeks), but the doctors managed to stop this, but then an ultrasound scan at a period of 11 weeks revealed a malformation in the child (wrist) . after that, since the deadlines were running out, it was urgently decided to have an abortion at the 12th week. During the second pregnancy, I was tested for the presence of antibodies - they were not. (the first time tests were not done). after the second abortion, immunoglobulin was not introduced (!) either.
after treatment (courses of anti-inflammatory and antibiotics) and hormonal therapy (OK Yarina 4 cycles) - what can you say about my situation? Can I hope that I can have a baby? and what do i need to do for this? I am already 30 years old, and I would like not to delay with this. I tried to describe the problem in as much detail as possible. thanks in advance for your reply!

Responsible Bystrov Leonid Alexandrovich:

Hello Svetlana! You should not despair, I think you will still be fine. And now, specifically on the situation: perhaps the cause of the failure of pregnancy could be not only the Rh conflict (although it was not specifically proven, the presence of antibodies), so I recommend contacting a reproduction center for a serious examination and treatment.

2016-06-30 09:00:20

Catherine asks:

24 years old, regular cycle, 26 days, ovulation on day 14. Husband is 39 years old. None of them have children. The ecology in the city is not the best, but we do not work in hazardous production, we do not drink, we do not smoke, we monitor our health.

Last year there was a spontaneous abortion at 4 weeks (you can say that bhb), and in the next cycle a new pregnancy, but she froze at 8 weeks, judging by the CTE. In that pregnancy, I felt terrible, and after passing tests for thyroid hormones, I began to take thyroxine. After the failure, she became pregnant again as soon as the doctors allowed. The pregnancy was going great, but it also suddenly froze at 8 weeks, according to KTR.

In both pregnancies, there were no blood smears and pains (there was spotting after PA with the second frozen due to the cervix, everything stopped in a couple of days, according to the ultrasound then everything was fine, it was 5 weeks + 6 days, and in terms of size they set 6 weeks and 4 days, Sat+).

For the husband: In the family, the husband had missed pregnancies, but all the children born are healthy. According to the spermogram, everything is fine, but the morphology is not taken into account (for some reason, there is no description of it at all). Handed over bakposev on a ureaplasma, a mycoplasma, chlamydias, gonococci and Trichomonas - it is pure. Recently I passed the KLA, blood biochemistry, urinalysis - no abnormalities, leukocytes are normal, there is only a little mucus in the urine. My husband went to the doctor because of morning swelling of his face.

For me: TORCH - negative (although the husband is a carrier of CMV and herpes), antibodies to rubella, bacteria culture for STDs is clean, PCR from the c / channel for chlamydia and pathogenic mycoplasma - negative. Homocysteine ​​against the background of the lack of folate intake - 5 or 6, that is, the norm. Thyroid hormones are corrected - on thyroxine 50. Progesterone in the second phase is 53 nmol / l, and during pregnancy at week 5 it was 94 nmol / l.

During pregnancy, she drank thyroxine, iodomarin and folic 1 mg. Before all pregnancies, she was on COC Diana 35 for 5 years, her health was excellent.

There is no way to do abortus karyotyping or us - they simply don’t do this in the city, so you can only guess about HA. According to histology, for the first time, the general picture is inflammation (in principle, it is logical, since I have already arrived with a weekly, or even more frozen). After the first frozen blood for a long time, they pricked and before cleaning dicynone and gordox, then a new cycle came after 22 days, they found a follicular cyst and a placental polyp. A new cycle began after 26 days and this frequency is still preserved, with a new cycle, this polyp was squeezed out of itself. Menstruation became adequate.

The conclusions of the ultrasound of the dead, if it makes sense:
1 st - chorion thickness 0.66 cm, ktr 1.6 cm, n 3.9 cm, sb -, location along the anterior wall with the transition to the pharynx - carried out according to obstetric 8 weeks + 2 days
2 sb - chorion thickness 0.9 cm, hypoechoic ktr 1.79 cm, p 4 cm, sb -, location on the back wall - carried out according to obstetric 8 weeks + 3 days

1. Questions about synth progesterone, is it indicated for me during pregnancy?
2. Question on hemostasis mutations, does it make sense?
3. Whether to be checked for aphs, lupus anticoagulant?
4. The second pregnancy has not been cleaned yet, tomorrow I am going to take a coagulogram - if it is in a relative norm, does it make sense to look for hemostasis mutations?
5. Should I increase my folate intake during pregnancy? Maybe a femibion ​​will be enough, for example? Or group B in general, the base dose? With folic 1 mg, the corner of the mouth cracks, with the addition of other B vitamins, everything returns to normal.
6. Can you tell me something else, thanks in advance. If you need scans of any research - I'll attach it.

Responsible Serpeninova Irina Viktorovna.

The problem of negative Rh factor excites many women. It occurs especially acutely in the case of the birth of second and subsequent children and after termination of pregnancy. This article talks about what Rhesus conflict is.

What is the Rh factor?

The Rh factor is a substance (a specific protein) that forms on the surface of red blood cells - blood cells. It has been found for more than 30 years in the blood of most people who have since been considered to be Rh-positive. Meanwhile, in 15% of people, this protein is not detected, and their blood was determined to be Rh-negative.

Negative Rh factor does not affect the well-being or health of a person in any way. Everyday life. Special attention it is given only in emergency circumstances, such as blood transfusions or during pregnancy.

If a person with Rh-negative blood is accidentally transfused with Rh-positive blood, then it will be perceived by his body as someone else's and he will begin to actively destroy it. So during pregnancy, with a favorable state of health of both parents, a number of adverse conditions may occur, due to incompatibility by the Rh factor:

negative Rh in the blood of a woman carrying a fetus;

negative rhesus in the father of the child.

If a woman is diagnosed with Rh negative blood and future child inherited it, then this situation does not pose any danger to health. However, if the Rh of the fetus is positive, then an Rh conflict is likely, which can cause hemolytic disease the child and others serious problems with health.

What is Rh - conflict

At the heart of the Rh - conflict is the incompatibility of the blood of the expectant mother and her child. The hematopoietic system in the fetus is formed by 7-8 weeks prenatal development. Its Rh antigen is able to easily cross the placenta and enter the blood of a pregnant woman, which is perceived by her body as something alien. As a result, protective antibodies begin to be produced in her blood, which, penetrating the placenta, begin to fight the baby's red blood cells, gradually destroying them.

This situation can lead to a miscarriage, as well as to the fact that the blood of the fetus will begin to produce a large number bilirubin - a substance that colors the skin and urine in yellow and causes neonatal jaundice. An excessive concentration of bilirubin in the blood of the fetus can damage the brain, causing speech and hearing impairments. In addition, Rh - conflict can provoke anemia, congenital dropsy and even fetal death.

Rhesus conflict can lead to serious consequences

Often, during the first pregnancy, the number of antigens is insignificant, due to the fact that the blood of the fetus in small quantities enters the bloodstream of a pregnant woman. This makes it possible to endure and give birth to a healthy baby, bypassing complications and the occurrence of a Rh conflict.

However, the situation changes during repeated childbirth or termination of pregnancy, with a threat of miscarriage, placental abruption, chorionic biopsy, or trauma. In this case, the woman's body becomes sensitized, which leads to a strong production of protective antibodies upon repeated contact with antigens. This is due to the fact that immune memory cells are able to store information about the blood contact between mother and fetus.

Signs of Rh - conflict

Rhesus - the conflict is determined only by the presence in the blood future mother specific antibodies, and its severity is determined by their concentration: antibody titer. Pregnant women do not notice any external manifestations of the onset of this pathological process. Although sometimes it proceeds with symptoms of preeclampsia. The fetus itself can suffer greatly at the time of the conflict, which is found on ultrasound examination as:

the presence of edema in the fetus;

the appearance of fluid in the brain and abdominal cavity;

an increase in the size of the heart;

thickening of the placenta;

hypoxia of the fetus and an increase in its body weight.

Methods for the prevention and treatment of Rh - conflict

Fortunately, modern science does not stand still and is constantly evolving. Today, doctors know what measures need to be taken so that women with a negative Rh factor can endure and give birth to healthy babies.

1. All pregnant women should be screened as early as possible to determine their blood type and Rh factor. In addition, the father of the unborn child must also donate blood for the Rh factor. In some cases, the Rh conflict develops due to incompatibility in the blood group. However, it is less dangerous and is not capable of causing serious complications. If it turns out that both parents are Rh negative, then there is no cause for concern. In this case, the fetus will inherit the parents' antigen and conflict will not occur.

2. If the Rh of the pregnant woman is negative, and the father of the future baby is positive, then the woman will be forced to regularly take blood from a vein for analysis. Until the 32nd week of pregnancy, blood is donated once a month, from 32 to 35 - twice a month, and from 35 - every week. This makes it possible for doctors to control the amount of antibodies in the blood and not to miss the onset of a Rh-conflict at a very early stage of development.

3. If the Rhesus conflict occurs, then in the arsenal of doctors there are a number of measures aimed at saving the baby. Sometimes called premature birth with subsequent exchange transfusion of blood to a newborn: the introduction of blood of the same group, but with a negative Rh. It is important to carry out this operation no later than 36 hours after the baby is born.

4. To reduce the risk of Rhesus conflict to a minimum during subsequent pregnancies, you need to take a significant break before that, at least 4-5 years.

5. Significantly reduce the occurrence of Rh - conflict in subsequent pregnancies helps a special vaccine - anti-Rhesus - immunoglobulin, administered no later than 72 hours after childbirth or termination of pregnancy. The action of the drug is based on its ability to bind aggressive bodies in the mother's blood and remove them from the body.

If, for some reason, the vaccine was not administered immediately after childbirth or abortion, then it can also be done during a subsequent pregnancy for prophylactic purposes. In addition, the anti-Rh vaccine - immunoglobulin is indicated after surgery for ectopic pregnancy, as well as after the puncture of the fetal bladder.

Pregnancy is often unplanned, but doctors advise before deciding on drastic measures to find out with which blood group you can not have an abortion. Termination of pregnancy for some women can result in consequences that will seriously complicate their future life. Therefore, it is better to consult a specialist in order to avoid rash actions.

When is abortion dangerous?

Each person is a carrier of a certain blood type with a positive or negative Rh. And if a woman should not be particularly worried in the presence of an antigen, then when it is absent, problems arise both in the process of bearing a baby and after an abortion.

Partners with different Rh factors must be observed by a doctor, especially if Rh is present in the expectant mother.

In the presence of a positive Rh in the baby, the mother's body will actively fight the foreign body, which will provoke:

• oxygen starvation of the fetus;
• deviations in the development of the child;
• miscarriage.

However, the absence of antigen has a negative impact not only during pregnancy. Abortion negative Rh factor considered a very risky procedure. When a woman with Rh- agrees to terminate the pregnancy, she runs the risk of remaining infertile in the future. There may be other complications as well.

It does not matter how the interruption will be carried out: medically or surgically. To have an abortion with a negative Rh means to harm the body.

It is important to know not only what blood type it is extremely dangerous to get rid of a child with, but also when exactly it is impossible to have an abortion. In other words, if the pregnancy was the first and the woman interrupted it, after the next conception, the changes in the mother's body will be much more serious.

After the first conception, the body of the Rh-negative mother first comes into contact with the positive blood of the baby. Female antibodies for a reason large sizes and weak mobility practically cannot harm the fetus. It turns out that even in the presence of adverse factors, the child will be born quite healthy.

1. Mixing mother's blood with the baby's blood.
2. Increased production of smaller and more mobile antibodies.

At the next conception, the mother's body will be better able to attack a foreign object, that is, a child. After each interruption with a negative Rh, the risk of abnormalities in the development of the baby grows by 10%.

• hemolytic disease;
• encephalopathy;
• anemia;
• miscarriage.

If termination of pregnancy was necessary

Sometimes women in a position are forced to agree to an artificial interruption, because there are relevant indications. That is, while carrying a child, the mother is in danger, and the consequences of the interruption will not be as serious as those of the pregnancy itself.

A thorough examination is carried out beforehand. It must be remembered: a pregnancy interrupted before the onset of 7 weeks will cause minimal consequences, since the production of antibodies has not yet begun during this period.

1. 7-9 weeks is the period when the hematopoietic system actively develops in the fetus.
2. The female body tries to produce antibodies to get rid of the threat.

• damage to the endometrium;
• development of inflammation.

It can be very difficult for such women to become pregnant later due to the difficulties associated with attaching the embryo. In addition, there is little chance that the baby will be born healthy.

In a word, the sooner the necessary manipulations are carried out, the fewer complications will appear. At least in the future, a woman will be able to hope for a successful conception.

Features of abortion with Rh-

If a woman chooses to make an interruption using a medical method, spontaneous rejection of the embryo occurs. It can be seen among the long-term post-abortion discharge.

As soon as an abortion with a negative Rh factor has been carried out, doctors enter into female body anti-rhesus immunoglobulin. This is done in order to stop the synthesis of antibodies. Often, such a procedure takes place during the first three days after the artificial termination of pregnancy.

Thanks to anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin, the risk of developing various disorders is significantly reduced in the future. However, doctors cannot guarantee the complete absence of a Rh conflict.

On the early dates gestational period, a mini-abortion using vacuum aspiration is possible.

1. At the end of the process, blood loss is also possible.
2. The duration of bleeding is approximately 10 days.
3. Due to the increased susceptibility to various infections, it is recommended to pay maximum attention to health.

Due to the fact that doctors have managed to find a way that makes it possible to prevent Rh conflicts, modern women have more chances to become a mother if they wish. But do not forget that getting rid of the fetus, both with negative and with positive Rh, is the strongest stress for the body.

A negative blood group is a factor in the presence of which it is extremely dangerous to get rid of an unwanted pregnancy without medical indications.

In general, a negative Rh factor does not cause any problems to its owner, as long as the issue does not involve surgery with blood transfusion, pregnancy or abortion.

In the first case, when a person with a negative Rh undergoes surgical or prophylactic procedures in a medical facility involving the use of donor blood, he is required to undergo an analysis to determine the Rh and use only a specific negative blood mass.

Abortion with a negative Rh blood factor poses a significant threat to the development of miscarriage in a woman in the future, so it should be performed only when absolutely necessary.

When it comes to pregnancy, an Rh-negative mother may have difficulty bearing an Rh-positive child. This situation can occur if the father has a positive Rh, in which case the probability of conceiving a child with positive blood is 50%. In all other cases there will be no conflict.

Considering the "foreign" protein of the child as a threat to his own body, the mother's blood begins to form antibodies to it. During the first pregnancy, the problem is usually not so pronounced, because specific cells are just starting to be produced and their number is not enough to cause significant harm to the child. Difficulties begin with the second pregnancy, when the mother's blood is already saturated with antibodies due to contact with the baby's blood during childbirth or abortion. In this case, during the entire second pregnancy, the woman will be given specific treatment with drugs that relieve allergic reactions of the body. Vitamin therapy and plasmaphoresis are also widely used - transfusion of a woman's own blood purified from antibodies.

Attention! If a woman with a negative Rh wants to have children, then it is extremely important for her to try to give birth to a child during her first pregnancy. Although this must be done under the supervision of an experienced doctor. Abortion with Rh negative or miscarriage entails enough severe consequences and often causes infertility.

Risks of abortion with negative blood

Any abortion in itself poses a threat to the health and reproductive function of a woman, and in a carrier of a negative Rh, it can cause miscarriage of subsequent pregnancies.

The first abortion is especially dangerous for women with a negative Rh factor. Although the pregnancy may only last a few weeks before the abortion, the antibodies will remain in the body. A woman will receive a kind of immunity to a positive Rh. As a result, subsequent pregnancies may not occur at all or end in miscarriage. The only favorable circumstance is the same negative blood in the father of the unborn child. In this case, there will be no conflict and abortion will not be anything special.

Important! An injection of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin partly helps to solve the problem of Rhesus conflict. It must be done within a few hours after the abortion.

Indications for abortion with negative Rh

Negative Rh factor in itself is not a reason for termination of pregnancy. Abortion for medical reasons is prescribed in the following situations:

• if pregnancy poses a threat to the life of a mother with severe heart defects, kidney disease, oncological formations and others;
• if the fetus has intrauterine developmental pathologies incompatible with life;
• if a woman in the early stages of pregnancy suffered an infectious disease from among those especially dangerous for the intrauterine development of the child.

There are other indications in which the life and health of the mother or unborn child are in jeopardy. Each case is considered by the medical council individually.

Legislatively, a woman has the right to terminate a pregnancy up to the 3rd obstetric month at her own request or with special social conditions. However, if she has Rh-negative blood, it is worth trying with all your might to save the child.

What methods of abortion can be used with a negative Rh factor

Medical and surgical methods of abortion are used to terminate a pregnancy, both with a negative and with a positive Rh. The choice is made by the attending physician on the basis of the studies performed, the gestational age, the presence of complicating factors or pathologies. However, the safest and most gentle way is always chosen.

medical abortion

The method consists in taking special pharmacological preparations that block the action of progesterone at the receptor level, slow down and stop the development of the embryo, exfoliate the fetal membrane from the walls of the uterus. Another group of prostaglandin agents stimulates muscle contractions of the myometrium and the subsequent removal of a frozen fetal egg from the uterine cavity. In general, the procedure resembles heavy menstrual bleeding, although the hormonal load on the body is quite serious. Pain relief is used symptomatically for several days after the abortion.

vacuum aspiration

This method of abortion refers to minimally invasive surgical interventions. Abortion is carried out in the clinic using a vacuum pump, which creates negative pressure in the uterine cavity through an aspiration catheter and promotes the detachment of the fetal egg along with the endometrium. This type of abortion is performed using local or general anesthesia (anesthesia).

When using local anesthesia, you do not need to involve an anesthesiologist, all manipulations are performed by a gynecologist or nurse. It is much easier for a conscious woman to control her breathing and heartbeat, so there is no need for resuscitation equipment. Recovery of sensitivity occurs gradually. With increased pain, the woman will have time to take an analgesic pill. After the procedure, there is slight bleeding for several days.

Curettage (curettage)

With the help of surgical instruments, the cervical canal is expanded and fixed. With a sharp knife (curette), the gynecologist separates the embryo from the walls of the uterus, removes parts of the fetus from the cavity and removes the inner mucous layer of the endometrium. All manipulations are performed in a hospital under general anesthesia.

Attention! Any careless movement during the operation will lead to tissue rupture and scarring, so a woman should trust her health only to a qualified specialist.

General anesthesia has a fairly strong effect on the body. Even a healthy woman suffers from its effects. Doctors do not recommend more than two general anesthesia in one year. If recently the patient has already experienced a similar procedure, the load on the body should be reduced.

Optimal timing of an abortion with a negative Rh

If a woman with negative blood has grounds for an abortion, it is important to have it done as soon as possible. Until the 7th week of gestation, the mother's body has not yet had time to develop antibodies to proteins positive blood child and the likelihood of a successful re-pregnancy is greatly increased. Therefore, an abortion at 6 weeks inclusive would be the best option.

If a woman has no contraindications to medical abortion, then it is better to choose a pharmacist, which is allowed to be carried out up to 5-6 weeks. It will not affect the internal structures of the pelvic organs (myometrium, cervical canal), the possibility of infection from the outside is almost completely excluded.

In the case when these terms are missed, vacuum-aspiration (up to the 8th week) or surgical abortion (up to the 12th week) is chosen.

Actions after an abortion

It is critically important after any abortion with a negative Rh to administer an anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin to a woman, which will stop and neutralize the production of antibodies. The injection must be given within 72 hours of the procedure. This will help reduce the chance of miscarriage in the next pregnancy, although it does not guarantee 100% success.

Also, during the recovery period of the body, a woman needs to choose a vitamin complex and adhere to a balanced diet.

To prevent infections, it is important to carefully monitor hygiene. You can only use pads. Sitting baths, hot showers and saunas should be avoided for the next 14 days. Sex life is stopped for 3-4 weeks.

Attention! To prevent inflammation, the gynecologist prescribes a course of antibiotics. It is important to remember that their intake is incompatible with the use of alcohol.

Attention! This article is posted for informational purposes only and under no circumstances is scientific material or medical advice and can not serve as a substitute for in-person consultation with a professional doctor. For diagnosis, diagnosis and treatment, please contact qualified doctors!