This method is used to make the image engraved on metal more contrast. This method is mainly used for engraving silver products. When engraving for blackening, recesses are made with the help of engravers and chisels with a depth of 0.3-0.5 mm, and then the final processing of the drawing is carried out - the lines are aligned and the corners are cut. To do this, use all types of engravers, depending on the specifics of the pattern. So, straight thickened lines of letters in a handwritten font, which is most often used for engraving under blackening, are engraved with a bolt-stencil or a flach-scribe. The roundings of the letters are engraved only with a bolt engraver, and thin lines- a spatula. Everything that has been said about the engraving of a font applies to the engraving of a picture.

At the end of the engraving, the drawing is blackened. For this, all kinds of mastics and paints are used, but the simplest blackening is considered to be filling engraved lines with dark brown or black sealing wax.

Depending on the complexity of the pattern and the type of surface, one of the following blackening methods is selected. You can fill the recesses of the pattern with crushed sealing wax, after which the metal product is heated. The melted sealing wax fills all the recesses of the engraving, and its excess is removed with a metal ruler or spatula.

If the shape of the engraved product differs significantly from flat, another method is used. The metal is heated and sealing wax is applied to it. As it melts, the sealing wax fills the engraved grooves. When all of them are filled to the end, the excess sealing wax (while it has not yet lost its plasticity) is removed from the metal surface with a steel spatula or palette knife.

Upon completion of the blackening, the metal surface contaminated with sealing wax must be sanded again and polished to a shine, this time - finally. However, after such processing, the smallest particles of metal will stick to the sealing wax that filled the engraved grooves. From this, the drawing will become matte and will appear dirty. To restore the shine of sealing wax, the metal is heated again. As a result, the smallest metal particles will settle to the bottom of the engraved grooves, and the top layer of sealing wax will acquire a shine and a deep black tone.

This is the blackening process in general. Consider now the old and modern recipes niello and methods of processing products.

Caucasian niello (from old recipes) consists of “1 spool of 84 silver, ? pounds of sulfur, 6 spools of red copper and 7 spools of lead. The alloy is poured onto a cast-iron or stone slab and, after cooling, is crushed, washed in water and dried. The powder is ready to use. When coating with niello, it is necessary to prepare a dough from 90% niello powder and 10% borax solution and fill the recesses on the product with this composition, then put it in the furnace to heat and melt the niello. After coating, the product is removed, cooled and polished.

In Germany, masters prefer this method of blackening: a small amount of borax is added to 1 part of silver and 2 parts of copper. In a steel crucible, 3 parts of lead are melted to add it to an alloy of silver and copper. Liquid lead is slowly poured into the silver-copper alloy and mixed well. A high crucible is filled up to half with yellow powdered sulfur and heated: 1.2–1.5 parts of sulfur (by volume) are taken for 1 part of the alloy. The resulting ternary alloy is poured into heated sulfur powder with constant stirring. The crucible is kept warm so that the mixture does not solidify. Sulfur partially burns out, it must then be added to the composition. Vigorous stirring achieves a good interaction of the parts, due to which silver and copper form a black compound with sulfur, which is poured into water. The resulting black should be hard and brittle, like glass. If its pieces can still be bent, then it should be melted again, however, it must be remembered that excessive heating or too long a stay in the furnace can lead to sulfur burning out. Then, ammonium chloride powder is dissolved in hot distilled water, which serves as a flux. It is added to pieces of niello and the mixture is ground in a porcelain mortar in the required amount, since only fresh ammonium chloride porridge can be applied to the product.

Another way is to first prepare silver sulfide, copper sulfide and lead sulfide separately, and then fuse them together.

To prepare silver sulfide for 97.8 g of pure silver in the form of crushed shavings, 20 g of sulfur in powder are taken, they are mixed and gradually heated in a graphite crucible to 300–400 ° C. Sulfur diffuses into the metal and forms silver sulfide. Copper sulfide and lead sulfide are obtained in the same way. For this, 250 g of sulfur are taken for 800 g of copper, and 75 g of sulfur for 400 g of lead. The resulting sulfur compounds are crushed and mixed in the following weight ratios: silver sulfide - 111.2 g, copper sulfide - 466.6 and lead sulfide - 422.2 g. The result is 1 kg of black, which is poured into a cold graphite crucible, poured on top dry charcoal and placed in a muffle furnace, heated to 800 ° C and after 30-40 minutes, when the black in the crucible is heated to 600-650 ° C, ammonium chloride is added to the crucible at the rate of 284 g of ammonium per 1 kg of black. Then the crucible is closed with a graphite lid and, after complete melting, the black is poured into an iron mold heated to 300 °C, in which the alloy slowly cools. There are other recipes for the preparation of niello, in which ammonium chloride, potash with table salt and borax are used as a flux.

There are two ways to apply niello - dry and wet. The dry method consists in the fact that the surface to be blackened is moistened with an aqueous solution of potash, borax and table salt, and finely crushed and sifted black powder is poured onto it; then the product is carefully dried. In this form, the product enters the firing, which is carried out in muffle furnaces at a temperature of 300-400 ° C. The wet method differs in that the black is applied to the product in the form of a creamy slurry diluted with water. It is very important that the recesses are clean and free of grease. Raw fine-powder mixture of black, diluted in ammonium chloride solution, is applied with a brush or spatula into the recesses. The mixture is placed as thickly as possible and lightly tamped with a spatula. Recesses must be filled to the brim; with thin engraved drawings, the entire surface should be covered with a black mixture. The workpiece is dried for some time; as soon as the water evaporates, it is pushed into the furnace, and when the niello is melted and all the recesses are filled, it is removed from the furnace. It must be remembered that when reheating, sulfur particles burn out, the layer becomes porous and spots appear on it. Small volumes of ink can be melted with a soldering iron. In this case, it is necessary to concentrate the influx of heat on the base metal, heating it from the reverse side. When the mass melts, the heating is stopped. If the molten black does not fill all the recesses, add the required amount and heat again.

Artistic blackening Blackening is the decoration of silver and gold items with niello drawings, which in appearance resemble black enamel. Drawings are ornamental and plot. Niello is an ancient way of decorating artistic metals -

Today, such a service as laser engraving is very popular, as it allows you to apply various inscriptions and drawings on almost all types of materials. As one of the varieties of this type of work in our workshop in Moscow, you can order engraving with blackening. It involves a slightly different algorithm for applying images, and also makes it possible to get a more interesting end result.

Black engraving can be applied to different kinds metals, wood and glass. It can be jewelry or other types of jewelry, phones, laptops, key chains, lighters, pens and any other souvenirs. In this case, you can use sketches of any complexity - from inscriptions and logos to full-fledged drawings. The master transfers the sketch provided in electronic form to the desired product and performs the work with the help of a special laser.

How is the engraved pattern blackened?

In order to engrave with blackening, two methods can be used - chemical and mechanical. They differ in the materials used and the algorithm itself.

Engraving with blackening by a chemical method is carried out as follows:

• with a special laser, the master engraves the necessary ornament on the product;
• after completion of work, a special chemical solution is applied to the drawing, which reacts with the material in those places where the engraving is applied;
• after the desired places turn black, the remnants of the substance are wiped off with a damp cloth.

A prerequisite for a qualitative result with such engraving is the speed of applying a chemical solution. It can act no later than 15 minutes after the end of work.

It is also very important to take into account all the features of the material that the master takes to work. There are certain metals and alloys that are not affected by the chemical, or may darken completely when exposed to it, losing their attractive appearance. appearance. These products must be handled with great care.

If the material does not lend itself to chemical blackening, its mechanical version is applied to it. Such engraving with blackening involves the use of several laser modes. As a result, the engraving depth is different, and therefore the color can be achieved darker. The cost of this service is calculated based on the size of the image that is applied, as well as the characteristics of the material from which the product taken into work consists.

Advantages of ordering laser engraving with blackening in our workshop

How the product will look after applying text or drawing to it with a laser depends entirely on the quality and accuracy of the equipment used. In our workshop, we work exclusively on the latest technologies, using modern and most accurate lasers. Our masters will cope with the task of any complexity in the shortest possible time. The price of our services will not hit your budget.

You can also place a bulk order with us, which will save you a lot of money. This service option will be the best choice in the manufacture of corporate or souvenir branded products.

Black engraving - lovely way transform a piece of jewelry or a gadget, celebrate a significant date or event, add symbolism to a gift. In any case, the specialists of our workshop in Moscow will cope with their task perfectly, delighting you with the end result.

Thousands of years ago, mankind mastered the method of drawing on metal. The method was based on the removal of the upper layer of the surface of a substance using improvised methods. The appearance of metal in everyday life of a person, there was a need to master a new craft - engraving.

The latest equipment and technological process allow you to create beautiful, unique things. The machine method involves working in automatic mode, which significantly saves time. For a home type of work, it is enough to master the methods of artistic work. Transferring the pattern can be done with a laser or a special machine.

The main types of engraving on metal

The craft called engraving appeared many centuries ago. Objects and decorations, execution with individual engraving are passed down for generations. Engraving on metal allows you to give the product an individual look and uniqueness. In practice, there are several types of engraving.

Hand engraving appeared the very first, is in demand when performing jewelry decoration to this day. Parts that have an uneven surface are almost impossible to process with a machine. The application of inscriptions on rings and other jewelry is carried out mainly manually. The tool for work is a chisel, a small chisel with a pointed end. Hand engraving adds a nice touch and adds value. The disadvantages of this method is to note the high price, the performance of work requires the necessary professional skills and craftsmanship.

With the mechanical method, a special machine is used, a special cutter tool is used, which removes part of the top layer from the surface of the product. Simple operation, as well as its low cost, made this method almost the most common. The surface of the product must be as flat as possible and correspond to the dimensions of the bed for equipment. High-strength materials are processed with a diamond-coated tool.

Laser engraving on metal more new way product processing. The speed of work, the availability of technology made the method the most used type. The product accepts the necessary drawing or inscription by burning it when engraved with a laser .

This type has several disadvantages, one of them is that the inscription or drawing is quickly erased from the product. On the jewelry laser engraving looks aesthetically pleasing, the quality of work depends on the tool and the skill of the master.

General technology

Engraving processes involve many types of techniques. The main methods are manual and mechanical, the latter is divided into the categories of defense and dashed.

1. A three-dimensional drawing can be obtained by using defensive engraving, deeper processing involves three-dimensional engraving.
2. When performing superficial actions, a stroke technique is used. The process is carried out in several steps, contour lines are drawn, and part of the metal is removed from the surface with dashed movements.

Blackening can be obtained without the use of special equipment. Mixed substances of potassium carbonate and sulfur are used, the proportions are observed one to two. It is necessary to place the mixture of materials on a slow fire in a convenient container, the process must be closely monitored and the composition mixed. After the blackening of the composition, the fire is turned off, and the mixture is ground in a mortar. The blackening process takes place in several steps:

• The composition is mixed with water in a ratio of one to 9.
• An object prepared for performing actions is lowered into a special container.
• The heating of the part occurs until blackening occurs, the material must acquire the required shade.

Before applying the inscription, it is necessary to make a background, such cases do not require varnishing. Metal engraving can be done with different shades, it is enough to mix special substances. zinc chloride solution and blue vitriol will give the details a dark brown tint, mixing is done 1 to 1 with water. A grayish tint can be obtained from a mixture of 2 gr. potash and sulfur, ordinary table salt to a liter of water. A solution of potassium sulfide in the ratio of grams to 250 gr. water, will give the product a red tint.

After the end of the activity, the used varnish is removed. There is a niello technique, the process is not similar to blackening when engraving metal. The process can be carried out only by mechanical means; execution from improvised objects is impossible.

engraving methods at home

The metal engraving process is carried out in several well-known ways. Everything possible options different essential tool and skills.

Laser engraving, carried out on metal, will require the availability of the necessary equipment. With small volumes of activity, the cost of purchasing equipment can be considered unacceptable. Laser engraving allows you to display the smallest details when working, the picture looks clear, without blots. This type is suitable for entrepreneurs whose craft is the main source of income.

Manual execution will require only a few tools, the presence chemical compositions. High quality drawing can be obtained only if you have certain skills in this area. The tool for work must be perfectly sharpened and varied in order to perform activities at a professional level.

Using a special device for drawing drawings and inscriptions

Getting a quality product at the end of the process is the main priority of any master. To do the work with your own hands, at home, the best option is to purchase a tool called an engraver. The presence of a variety of equipment, devices expand the range of applications and make work convenient. Mechanical engraving is carried out according to technology.

1. Before you make an engraving, you need to prepare a pattern or drawing. You can mark the product with a thin marker or a sharpened pencil, you can also use a carbon paper.
2. It is necessary to use the tool in sufficient light, work in one direction to avoid chipping and burrs.
3. At the end of the actions with the metal, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe work is covered with a colorless varnish. To fix the result, it is possible to use wax applied in a thin layer to the product.

The use of a hand engraver or burr machine should be done only with a special tool. The choice of nozzles is so large that there is a possibility of confusing the tool, which will ultimately lead to damage to the product.

Drawing a picture using an improvised set of materials

Various types of engraving at home can be done by electrochemical action. To use, you need a set of tools that everyone has at hand.

1. capacity match full size products. The part should fit completely, the neck should be as wide as possible for convenient work. For small items, a faceted glass is suitable; a glass jar remains the best option.
2. Wires for connection with clips. It is possible to use a household clothespin with foil clips, but it is better to use special "crocodiles".
3. Voltage source. Enough charging from mobile phone more than 1 amp output. Possible use charger for a car battery or household appliances up to 12 volts.
4. Salt is used in the required concentration, for 250 ml of water, about 2 teaspoons.
5. Nail polish. In hardware stores there is a substitute - zapon - varnish. The composition is identical, it is also easily rubbed off with acetone or alcohol.

The process occurs by drawing a pattern on the metal with a toothpick or a needle. After a layer of varnish is applied to the surface. The positive wire of the power source is applied to the product, the minus is lowered into a glass of water, a metal object. The depth of metal etching depends on the process time. At the end of the etching process, the varnish layer is removed with acetone.

Engraving on a metal object with a drill

The tool works by removing a layer of metal from the surface of the product.

The price of a boron machine bites, therefore, for use several times, the purchase is not advisable.

To use this method, you will need a set of different nozzles. Making an engraving with a machine will not take a lot of time for preparation and process. Before starting work with metal, you should test the machine with ordinary metal, get used to working, fully study the design.

Metal engraving using various equipment

Mankind curbed the craft of metalworking more than five millennia ago. Improving every day technology allows you to work with various equipment.

Laser engraving is used in conjunction with a solution paste. The solution is applied to the material before the process, to the treated area. The laser burns out a drawing or an inscription, by changing the temperature, a chemical process. The solution accompanies the dissolution of excess material. Laser engraving is used in various directions, but the price is very high due to the use of expensive equipment.

Diamond engraving is performed with a cutter with a special coating and design. The execution involves tetrahedral recesses that shimmer when viewing the product from different angles.

Work with volumetric parts is possible on a milling machine. Equipment can be made at home, as well as purchased in specialized stores. Material processing by milling machine is used in mass production, suitable for souvenirs, key chains and other metal materials.

Production engraving

The process is no different from working at home. Before actions, the object is polished, then degreased. Before preparing for the process, the product is tinted with a sulfur solution, which is distributed evenly over the part.

The pattern is traced with a metal needle on a glued tracing paper. Drawing and shadows are performed as realistic as possible, to obtain a high-quality result.

After work, the drawing is covered with a protective layer of colorless varnish or wax. Then the product is wiped dry, polished to obtain a shine.

Tools and materials

If you need high-quality engraving, you should contact the employees of a special workshop. Quality equipment for metal engraving allows you to perform more accurate and beautiful work.

The level of training, the experience of the master play an important role in the process and the final result.

Metalworking requires the following materials:

• Product or piece of metal.
• Varnish for surface protection.
• Production tracing paper.
• An engraver is a tool with a metal bur.

How to choose equipment

Each type of equipment will make the process faster and better. Modern technologies allow you to write out various patterns, inscriptions of high complexity on metal.

For example, the use of a special paste on CNC machines allows you to perform patterns on metal with a different contrast. High-quality engraving tools will help to embody drawings and other ideas on metal.

To perform high-quality work, it is worth purchasing a professional hand engraving kit. A hand tool will allow you to fill your hand, to study all the subtleties of the work. After obtaining the necessary practice and skills, it is possible to move on to more complex methods using specialized equipment.

Metal cutting is performed only with high-quality tools. Equipment, equipment must be purchased in special stores with a quality guarantee. Making a tool at home will require the choice of reliable materials. The chisel and engravers must be perfectly sharpened to obtain the desired end result. A blunt tool can ruin the product, injure the master; when working with cutting surfaces, it is worth observing safety precautions.

In order to engrave metal with your own hands, there are enough ways and technologies. A large number of metals that are engraved make it possible to realize the most creative ideas.

Steel engraving technology

There are several types of steel processing, involving mechanical processing and manual. Application technology is divided into defensive and dashed. The main tool for embossing on metal is a chisel. It can be purchased at a hardware store or made at home.

In any case, you should pay attention to the condition of the cutting element, sharpen it. Engraving technology occurs by removing the top layer of metal away from you.

Features of engraving on wedding rings

Since ancient times distinctive feature wedding rings is an engraving. The approach to the inscription or drawing takes place individually, according to the preference of the customer. The most common methods are the in-depth or grooved method. The most common work is by hand on jewelry. Jewelers offer many options for writing text, as well as ways to display. The complexity of the work is assessed individually with each customer.

A common method is also laser engraving. The upper layer of metal is burned out with a beam, sealed with varnish. It is important to remember that sizing is already finished product practically impossible, it is necessary to determine in advance the size and type of product

Black

niello (Italian niello, from Latin nigellus, short for niger - black), an alloy of silver, lead, sulfur and other varying components, which is used to decorate metal products, mainly silver. The crushed black is applied to the engraved surface of the metal, the object is fired, after which a black or dark gray pattern is revealed on it, firmly fused with the base. Blackening on silver and other metals was already known in the ancient world. Draft images (plot, landscape, ornamental) are made on separate plates (for example, in Italy in the 15-16 centuries) or decorate household items (dishes, cutlery, boxes, etc.), weapons, jewelry, etc. (Ch. Western European, Indian, Baltic peoples, etc.). The silver of the countries of the Middle East and the Caucasus is characterized by an ornamental niello pattern. Known are silver pendants, bracelets, and crescents from Ch. Russian craftsmen of the 10th-13th centuries. Ch. was widely used by Russian jewelers of the 15th-16th centuries, greatest variety forms of products and plots of draft drawings was achieved in the 18th century. (cm. Veliky Ustyug blackening on silver). Ch. is widely used in the artistic craft of metal processing in Kubachi.

Lit.: Russian artistic metal, M., 1958: Postnikova-Loseva M. M., Platonova N. G., Ulyanova B. L., Russian niello art, M., 1972; Rosenberg M., Geschichte der Goldschmiedekunst auf technischer Grundlage. Abteilung: Niello. Darmstadt, 1907.