Consultation for educators “Hardening in kindergarten. Consultation for parents "Tempering children at home Tempering children at home consultation for parents

systematic; gradualness: take into account the mood of the child and carry out procedures in the form of a game; never perform procedures if the baby is cold, that is, prevent hypothermia of the child; avoid strong irritants: prolonged exposure to cold water or very low air temperatures, as well as overheating in the sun;

Choose the right clothes and shoes: they must correspond to the ambient temperature and be made from natural fabrics and materials; temper with the whole family; combine hardening procedures with physical exercises and massage in the room where the child is, never smoke!

The main hardening factors are the sun, air and water. Air baths can be used from the first days of children's lives, this is the easiest way to harden. The length of stay in the open air depends on the air temperature and the age of the child. But any walk will not be useful if the baby is not dressed for the weather or goes out very rarely.

Walking barefoot is one of the most ancient means of hardening the body, providing a general strengthening effect on the entire body. There is a close reflex connection between the sole and the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and therefore, in an unhardened person, with local hypothermia of the legs, the temperature of the nasopharyngeal mucosa drops sharply, which usually causes a runny nose and cough. Therefore, with any accidental hypothermia of the feet, an unhardened person runs the risk of catching a cold. Walking barefoot increases the activity of thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors of the foot, and hence the adaptation of the body to local cooling.

Water procedures are a very common type of hardening. At any age, water procedures should be treated with care. At the very beginning, do rubbing, then washing, and only then proceed to the shower and dousing. Rubbing is done from an early age with a soft washcloth or mitten, starting at a temperature of 37 ° C, gradually reducing it by one degree every 2-3 days, but not lowering it below 17-15 ° C.

Washing procedures begin with the hands, face and legs, gradually moving to the rest of the body. The temperature regime is the same as when pouring. Douching can be combined with any type of procedure. Do not forget that the child should not be supercooled, which usually happens with prolonged bathing in the river or in the bathroom.

Sunbathing is a pleasant and most favorite type of hardening, which is available only mainly in summer on sunny days at a temperature of 2229 ° C. Hardening starts from 20 minutes in the morning and evening, in the presence of a headdress. All types of hardening resist any colds, strengthen the immune system and cheer up.

Another good way to harden the body is regular visits to the bath. According to the recommendations of doctors, a child should be accustomed to a steam bath from the age of three or four. Heating and cooling of the body, alternating with rest, create the so-called contrast cycles, which underlie the hardening effect. Under the influence of high temperature, the vessels of the body expand, and when cooled, on the contrary, they narrow, which in turn is an excellent workout for them. The child should be soared for no more than 10 minutes, taking the same amount of time to take a cool shower, after which a 20-minute rest break should be taken. After a break, the procedure is repeated. If the child visits the bath for the first time, then he should not be in the steam room for more than 3-5 minutes. Also, do not pour it with cold water for the first time. Initially, you need to use warm water, gradually lowering its temperature.

When hardening, it is necessary to follow certain rules: regularity, systematic, gradual sequence, duration, combination of procedures, age, well-being, state of health, mood, individuality It is useful and even necessary to harden a child. Hardened children get sick less, they have a good mood and immunity.

Tempering activities Physical education Air baths Morning exercises Sunbaths Washing with cool water Lightweight clothes in a group Walks Gymnastics after sleep Sleep without T-shirts Self-massage Gargling (+ 14) cf., st., under. health track groups (barefoot)

Types of hardening procedures Air hardening Water hardening Sun hardening - Morning intake in the fresh air (summer period) - Rinsing the mouth and throat with boiled water (herbal decoctions, mineral water) - Sunbathing - Morning exercises in a well-ventilated room. - Morning exercises in the air (summer) - Extensive washing (hands, face, neck) - Use of reflected rays (in the shade) - Walking in the fresh air in seasonal clothes - Contrasting dousing of the legs (summer) - Changing the area of ​​​​the open surface of the skin selection of clothes - Sleep without shirts - Sleep without shirts with open transoms (summer period) - Air contrast baths (under a blanket, without a blanket; in a bedroom, in a group room) - Gymnastics after sleep - Walking barefoot on massage paths

Advice for parents: "Tempering children with air, sun, water"

Compiled by: teacher Kurachinova Aishat Anuarovna. MADOU "Malvina", Noyabrsk, YaNAO

Why is hardening necessary?

Many parents do not consider it necessary to harden their children, because they do not see the need for it: they themselves grew up without hardening, there is no such tradition in their family and in surrounding families. On the contrary, there are traditions to wrap up the baby, protect him from drafts in the house and puddles in the yard. This is explained by the fact that for many years people lived in difficult conditions, endured cold, malnutrition, poorly dressed. Children could always freeze, get wet and run barefoot themselves, and their mothers had to warm them up and feed them.

Now the way of life has changed significantly. Less and less children run and play on the street, more and more time is spent indoors, sitting at the TV or at the computer.

Add to this domestic comfort, constant stay warm, increased calorie intake and reduced physical activity. Hypodynamia, insufficient muscle activity, contribute to a decrease in the body's resistance to infections and adverse external factors, the child becomes apathetic, unbalanced, often in a bad mood. Parents need to make efforts to maintain the health of children and give children what they lack - hardening. movement, exercise.

Walking barefoot, extended washing of the child, airing the apartment - this is hardening in everyday life. It is shown to all children and does not require special conditions.

How to teach a child to harden and exercise?

• The favorite activity of a small child is a game. Therefore, charging should be built in the form of an outdoor game with a plot. Small children are restless and cannot stay in one position for a long time, so the starting positions when performing exercises must be varied: standing, sitting, lying, on all fours, crouching.
• Each exercise should be performed by an adult himself, and do it fun, with passion, in order to interest the baby. Cheerful music, children's poems will make exercises more interesting.
• Become a role model for your child. The kid will be much more willing to participate in hardening procedures, seeing that the parents themselves are happy to participate in them.

You can not conduct a hardening course from time to time. Hardening is a way of life: the beneficial effect disappears as soon as you stop hardening .

General rules for hardening children :

• hardening procedures must be carried out systematically, regularly, at the same time;
• combine them with exercise and massage;
• increase the time of the procedure gradually. Starting from a few minutes;
• when choosing a hardening procedure, take into account the child's state of health, the level of his physical development. Habitual temperature regime;
• do not allow the child to overheat or hypothermia, the baby's clothes and shoes must correspond to the air temperature, be made of natural materials;
• it is best to carry out tempering procedures in the form of games and entertainment.

The main hardening factors are natural: sun, air and water.

Summer should be used for hardening by the sun.

hardening by the sun

When sunbathing, the following conditions must be met:

• The child is not recommended to spend in the sun for more than two hours in a row. Apply sunscreen 20 minutes before you go out.
• The best time is before 11 am and after 5 pm; afternoon sun should be avoided.
• When walking, be sure to wear lightweight hats to prevent overheating and sunstroke.

By the beginning of the hardening procedures, the child needs to create a positive emotional mood. If the baby does not like any procedures, they cannot be forcibly introduced.

air hardening

It is recommended to start everyday hardening of children with air baths. To begin with, choose a temperature that is comfortable for the child, gradually lowering it. It is worth considering that at temperatures below +17 and above + 26 C, hardening measures cannot be carried out. A high temperature can lead to overheating of the baby, and a low temperature can lead to a cold.

The child should not stand in a cold room - it is easy for the baby to catch a cold. Tempering works when the child is exercising. Therefore, air baths are well combined with morning exercises, which are absolutely necessary for all children. Ventilate the room and leave the baby to practice in shorts. shirt, and socks. When the child gets used to exercising in a cool room, socks can be omitted.

The best way to air harden is to walk in any weather and move a lot on a walk. It is very good to start a walk with a run.

Hardening can be carried out during sleep

The temperature suitable for hardening during sleep is 2 to 3 degrees lower. Than the usual temperature at which the child is awake. The same temperature is suitable for taking air baths.

Before going to bed, ventilate the room or leave the window open if it is not cold, but make sure that there are no drafts. For babies up to 3 years old, keep the temperature during sleep at about 22-23 * C. For children 4-5 years older - 20 - 21 * C, and from 6 - 7 years old - 19 - 21 * C.

Always consider the condition of the child. Start hardening when the child is completely healthy.

Foot massage.

An excellent hardening procedure is walking barefoot on sand, pebbles, a path or grass (surfaces that adapt to the arch of the foot). An uneven surface will affect many nerve endings, which will positively affect the state of various organs and systems, primarily the upper respiratory tract, and protect from flat feet. Tactile sensations are as important to the feet as they are to the palms. If you have a thick carpet on the floor, let your baby walk barefoot on it. A special track designed for massage, feet, a massage mat will be a good solution.

It is harmful for young children to walk barefoot on a hard surface: they are still forming the arch of the foot, so the child must wear shoes at home, otherwise flat feet may develop.

water hardening

Water hardening is considered the most effective way to strengthen the immunity of preschool children.

Water hardening procedures:

• washing with cool water;
• rubdown;
• hygienic water baths. The temperature is approximately equal to the temperature of the human body;
• foot baths, foot baths;
• general douche;
• cold and hot shower;
• swimming in open water.

Extended wash.

This is the simplest version of water hardening. Start washing your child first with warm water, and when he gets used to it, make the water cooler. Wash not only the hands and face, but also the arms up to the elbows, the neck and upper chest and neck. The child will quickly get used to washing himself with cold water several times during the day.

Rubdown

A very simple and effective procedure. You just need to moisten a towel in cool water and quickly wipe the body, starting from the upper torso. The temperature of the water for wiping should not be lower than +18*. Immediately after wiping, dry with a towel.

Contrasting dousing of feet and shins.

This is one of the most effective methods. The child's legs are alternately doused with warm and cool water. If the child does not have chronic diseases, a series of dousing ends with cool water, if the baby's body is weakened, the procedure should be completed with warm water. Before pouring, physical exercises for warming up are appropriate.

Swimming in open water.

A child can start swimming in natural reservoirs in calm weather without wind, at an air temperature not lower than + 25 * C and water + 23 * C. The best time to start swimming is around noon, when both water and air warm up, and the contrast in temperatures is minimal. Consistent preparation of the child is very important. First, wiping with a wet towel, then washing with cool water, and then bathing.

Do not experiment with intense hardening. This is a huge stress for a child's body, and the consequences of suddenly pouring cold water on the snow or walking barefoot in winter are very difficult to predict. In any case, follow the rule: first check for yourself!

Hardening will reduce the incidence of disease. And if an epidemic starts in the kindergarten, then the child, if he gets sick, will recover faster and the likelihood of complications will decrease many times over.

Hardening of children at preschool age

Water procedures are introduced gradually. In the first younger group, children are taught to rinse their mouths, wash their hands with cool water up to the elbow, neck, upper chest, and walk along wet paths.

Hardening techniques.

We all want our children to grow up healthy, strong and dexterous. And for this it is necessary that the child had an idea of ​​what health is and how it should be protected; why do we need a regimen, proper nutrition; so that he understands the benefits of morning exercises, outdoor games, walks in the fresh air, has an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bgood and bad habits, understands the need to take care of his body and appearance.

With close cooperation between the family and the kindergarten, we can achieve good results.

In our kindergarten, all conditions have been created that meet the medical and educational requirements for maintaining and strengthening the health of children. Teachers carry out work on physical education: morning exercises, physical education classes, dynamic pauses, various outdoor games, tempering procedures, etc.

On weekends, you can work with your child at home so that the process of strengthening physical health is not interrupted.

Where does your morning start? Well, of course, it should begin with morning exercises! Is your child exercising? If not, we suggest you start today! It won't take long, and the benefits will be enormous. Such activities contribute to the rapid transition from sleep to wakefulness, create a positive emotional mood, bring up the need for movement and form basic motor skills, which is very important for the proper development of the child. It is desirable that you work with your child together, thereby setting an example and demonstrating concern for health.

Grow healthy, baby!

Hardening of the body.

One of the effective means of improving health is hardening of the body, which helps to reduce morbidity and increase the level of performance of children.

And so, what is hardening of the body?

Hardening is a system of measures that is aimed at increasing the stability of the body's defense mechanisms and adaptation to many environmental factors (temperature changes, atmospheric pressure, magnetic storms, etc.).

A tempered child is one who is sufficiently stable to endure all changes in the external environment.

Therefore, hardening of the child's body should become a way of life for every family.

You can not temper a child once and for all. It must be constantly tempered.

Our health is only 20% dependent on the environment and 50% on lifestyle.

To improve health, walking and running are useful, which protect the human body from the occurrence of diseases, have a pronounced training effect, and contribute to the hardening of the body.

The purpose of hardening is to increase a person's resistance to cooling over time with the help of special procedures due to the fact that the body will respond with appropriate protective reactions - an increase in heat production and a decrease in heat transfer. When hardening, an increase in immunity occurs at the same time due to an increase in the production of interferon and other protective factors in the body.

hardening methods.

Traditional Hardening Methods : air baths, water foot baths, gargling.

non-traditional : contrast air hardening, walking barefoot, contrast shower, gargling with cool water.

Contrast air hardening.

From a warm room, children fall into a cold one.

Walking barefoot.

When walking barefoot, the arches and ligaments of the foot are strengthened, flat feet are prevented.

In summer, children are given the opportunity to walk barefoot on hot sand, on small pebbles, cones, which act as strong irritants. Warm sand, soft grass, indoor carpet have a calming effect. When walking barefoot, the intensity of the activity of almost all muscles increases, blood circulation is stimulated throughout the body, and mental activity improves.

Cold and hot shower.

The most effective method of hardening at home.

After charging, the child gets up under the shower, douses himself with water at 36-38*C for 30-40 seconds, then the water temperature drops by 2-3*C, and the dousing time is reduced to 20-25 seconds. The procedure is repeated 2 times. After 1-1.5 weeks, the difference in water temperature increases to 4-5*C and within 2-3 months reaches 19-20*C.

Gargle with cool water.

This is one of the methods of preventing the disease of the nasopharynx.

Gargling begins at a water temperature of 36-37 * C, then decreases every 2-3 days by 1 * C and is brought to room temperature.

Hardening is also a series daily procedures that do not require special organization: being indoors and outdoors in appropriate clothing, washing with cool water, sleeping with an open window or window, active physical education, and not just dousing and rubbing.

Hardening must be carried out systematically in all seasons of the year, without interruptions and continuously gradually reducing the temperature of the water. You can not start with a douche and a cold shower, it is necessary to pre-train the body with more gentle procedures - wiping, foot baths.

The area of ​​the feet, neck, face, the entire skin surface of the body, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and pharynx are subjected to hardening. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics and emotional state of the child.

air hardening carried out, starting with the development of a habit of fresh air. According to temperature sensations, they distinguish: hot air baths - over 30 * C; warm - over 22 * ​​C; medium - 21-22 * C; cool - 17-21 * C; cold 4-13*C; very cold - below 4 * C.

Air procedures are walks, games, sports activities in the fresh air.

water hardening begin with a wet wiping of the legs. The initial water temperature should be about 35 * C, the duration of such a procedure lasts from 30 seconds. up to 1 min. Every 2-4 days the water temperature is reduced by 1 *. The final temperature is 28*C.

Pouring feet: initial water temperature is about 20*C.

Cool foot baths: the initial temperature of the water is about 34*C. Every 2 days the temperature is reduced by 1*C. The final temperature may be 18-28*C. The total duration of the procedure is 8-12 minutes. The procedure is completed by dousing with warm water - 36*C.

Rubdown: a naked child must be wrapped in a moistened and carefully wrung out sheet, after which the body is rubbed over the sheet with hands until it feels warm. The sheet is removed, the child is doused with water and rubbed with a dry coarse sheet. The procedure lasts from 3 to 5 minutes, the initial temperature of the water is 33-35*C, it is gradually reduced and brought to 28*C.

Impact on the collar zone: the child is wrapped in a terry towel to the armpit. A towel soaked in hot water (40 * C) is applied to the collar area for 1-2 minutes, then soaked in cold water (30 * C) - for 1 minute. The total duration of the procedure is up to 10 -12 minutes.

Important to remember!

A break in hardening for 2-3 weeks reduces the body's resistance to cold factors and is undesirable.

When carrying out procedures, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the child, his age, sensitivity to hardening procedures. It is not recommended to carry out hardening against the background of negative emotional states (fear, resentment, anxiety). This can lead to neurotic disorders.

What conclusion can be drawn about hardening?

If we want to see the child healthy, it is necessary to carry out hardening procedures daily.

In a minimum of hardening include air and water procedures, properly selected clothes.

Some plants help to increase the body's resistance - biostimulants and adaptogens, which adapt the body to the effects of certain harmful physical, chemical, biological factors, adapt to unusual environmental conditions (blackcurrant, rosehip - increase the body's resistance to cold and SARS; carrot juice, apple, orange and others - have a general strengthening effect, stimulate digestion and assimilation of food, remove toxic substances from the body, a source of vitamins, mineral salts, trace elements; taking vitamins can increase the body's defenses).

It is known that children often suffer from colds, and the most effective means of combating them is hardening. One of the amazing properties of the body - the ability to respond with protective reactions to changing environmental conditions and, in particular, to temperature fluctuations, is formed gradually and at preschool age it is still very imperfect and needs constant training. Hardening should be understood as the use of the natural forces of nature (air, water, sun) to increase the body's resistance to colds. The whole daily life of the child must be built in such a way that he does not pamper, but tempers. The first requirement is to provide clean, fresh indoor air and the right combination of air temperature and the child's clothing.

However, hardening procedures will bring benefits subject to the following rules:

1. first consult with a local pediatrician who knows your child and can give recommendations when choosing methods of hardening, taking into account his state of health;

2. gradually increase the strength of the hardening factor (air, water, sun);

3. carry out hardening systematically, because even with short breaks (10 days), the achieved effect completely disappears;

4. achieve a positive emotional attitude of the child to tempering procedures.

air hardening - these are not only special procedures, but also daily wet cleaning, and repeated ventilation of the room, maintaining the optimum air temperature in it + 20 ° C; during gymnastics and outdoor games, it can be below + 16 ° C.

The child must walk daily . Even in inclement weather and in winter, be outdoors for at least 3.5-4 hours. Special hardening procedures include general air baths, they begin at an air temperature of 22 ° C for 3-5 minutes, followed by a decrease in temperature to 18 ° C and an increase in duration to 10-15 minutes. At the same time, the child’s clothes are gradually lightened: first, they expose their arms (replace a shirt with sleeves with a T-shirt, then take off the T-shirt, leaving the baby in panties alone).

Hardening with fresh air is useful for all children, but it is especially important if the child is weak. At the same time, it is known that many parents mistakenly consider it necessary to protect a weak, often ill child from the “breath of air” in every possible way. Often, taking care of him comes down to dressing him as warmly as possible, wrapping him up. In such clothes, the child is hot, it makes it difficult for him to move, as a result - another cold.

Fresh air is a wonderful means of hardening a child's body!

water hardening has a stronger effect. Therefore, it is advisable to start it after a short course of air hardening. Water procedures are divided into local and general. The most accessible local water treatment is foot dousing. From a bucket or watering can, the lower half of the shins and feet are quickly poured over. The initial water temperature is 30 °C. Gradually reducing it after 1-2 days by 2 ° C, bring it to 16-14 ° C.

Immediately after the procedure, the child's feet are wiped dry with a hard towel.

The hardening effect is enhanced if a contrasting dousing of the feet is applied. One of the most important hardening rules is gradualness, the transition from procedures that have a less severe effect to stronger ones, from local to general . Therefore, before starting such procedures as rubbing the body, dousing, it is necessary to teach the child to walk at home not in tights, but in socks, after that - barefoot.

General hardening water procedures are carried out at an air temperature of at least 23 ° C. You need to start by wiping the body with a soft mitten moistened with water. First, lightly massaging, wipe the hands and feet from the fingers up (in the direction of the lymph and blood), then the chest, stomach, back - must be in that order. The initial water temperature of 34-35C after 3-4 days is reduced by 2°C and brought to 22°C. For weakened children, the initial and final temperature should be 2-4 ° C higher, and the rate of its decrease is slower. Rubbing is done for 2 months (to get the effect of training), and then they move on to a stronger procedure - to dousing.

If your child is ill, be sure to consult a doctor and, if he deems it possible, do not cancel the hardening procedures, just slightly increase the water temperature (by 2-3 ° C compared to the one that was before the disease).

Teach your child to systematically rinse their mouth and throat with water at room temperature. This helps to harden the nasopharynx, prevents the growth of tonsils and adenoids. In addition, rinsing has a massaging effect on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall. Approximately 1/3 cup of water is needed for each rinse.

Hardening by sunlight maybe

only after the "winter" preparation of the child's body with air baths and water procedures, since the sun acts much stronger than air and water. In the summer months in the middle zone of our country, the best time for children to stay under the sun is from 10 am to 12 pm. You can start sunbathing no earlier than 1.5 hours after eating and finish no later than 30 minutes before eating. This is justified by the fact that high temperature inhibits the secretion of digestive juices. The hardening effect of the sun can be gradually increased by changing the child's clothes: first, they put on a shirt with short sleeves, remove tights, socks, then after 2 days they leave him in panties alone. The child's head should always be protected from the sun with a hat. We remind you again : weakened children especially need hardening, your attention to the doctor's recommendations, their persistent, patient implementation depends on how your child will come to school, how he will cope with the new regimen and loads for him.

Our advice is addressed primarily to parents of healthy children. You also need to carefully monitor the child's condition, his reaction to hardening procedures.

What are the signs to determine whether hardening is effective?

Mood - cheerful, calm, the child reacts normally to the environment.

well-being - cheerful, the child is always ready for action, actively participates in all games and activities.

Fatigue - normal, there is moderate fatigue.

Appetite - good, actively eats all the dishes offered, does not get distracted while eating.

Dream - calm, deep, falls asleep quickly (after 5-10 minutes), during sleep, muscle relaxation is noted, the child does not wake up from sound, light.

If one of the listed indicators changes - mood instability, depression, irritability, tearfulness, increased fatigue, loss of appetite, sleep - you need to consult a doctor and, on his recommendation, make adjustments to the hardening procedures: reduce the duration, increase the temperature of the water, replace the procedure with another one, etc. etc.

Most importantly - do not stop hardening!