What date is Easter and what does it depend on. Question to the priest. Why is Easter celebrated at different times? Determining a date using a formula

These holidays fall into two categories:

Fixed (non-movable) holidays: they always fall on a strictly defined day of the month, regardless of the day of the week, which changes annually. These include nine twelfth church holidays:

Twelfth fixed holidays

Movable (movable) holidays. The movable part of the church calendar moves along with the date of celebration, which changes from year to year. All "mobile" holidays are counted from Easter and move in the space of the "secular" calendar along with it.

The Twelfth Passing Holidays:

The twelfth feasts each have one day of forefeast, with the exception of the Nativity of Christ, which has 5 days of forefeast, and Theophany, which has 4 prefeast days.

The number of afterfeast days is not the same - from 1 to 8 days, depending on the greater or lesser proximity of some holidays to others or to the days of fasting.
Some of the Lord's feasts, moreover, are preceded and concluded by special Saturdays and weeks (Sundays).

Services of the Twelfth Feasts fixed circle are in menstruation. Services of the twelfth holidays of the moving circle are located in Lenten and Colored.

In Russia, until 1925, the Twelfth Holidays were both church and civil.

Great non-twelfth holidays:

At the feasts of the Nativity and the Beheading of John the Baptist, the Circumcision of the Lord, the Intercession Holy Mother of God There is no fore-feast, after-feast and giving away of the Holy Primate Apostles Peter and Paul.

• Bishop Alexander Mileant
• Y. Ruban
• Holidays of the Christmas cycle Y. Ruban
• Twelfth holidays arch. Alexander Men
• Troparion of the Twelfth Feasts

Christian holidays

Christian holidays- certain days of the church calendar, celebrated with divine services that have an individual liturgical character. This is fixed in the names of the holidays and "penitent times", the dates and order of their celebration, as well as in the content of the texts performed during the service. Their purpose and meaning is the remembrance, glorification and theological interpretation of the key stages in the history of Salvation, which is embodied mainly in the events of the earthly life of Jesus Christ (the Savior), and the Virgin Mary, the real accomplice of this divine-human process. Hence - an exceptional place in the calendar of holidays dedicated to Them.

The holidays are distributed within two overlapping annual cycles - (menaion) and (triode, or Easter-Pentecost). The celebrations and memorable events of the first cycle are strictly fixed only by the days of the month (for the dates of the Julian calendar in relation to the modern civil one, an amendment is necessary: ​​n - 13 days, - for the XX-XXI centuries). The holidays of the second are fixed only by the days of the week, being rigidly correlated with Easter, which is the starting point for the entire moving annual cycle. The date of the latter moves within 35 days (“Easter limits”): from April 4 (March 22, O.S.) to May 8 (April 25, O.S.).

The most important holidays of modern Orthodox calendar are referred to as "twelfth", or "twelve" (from the Slavic twelfth - "twelve") (see). , as "holidays holiday", is outside this classification.

The second step in the festive hierarchical ladder is occupied by holidays, which are called “great” in liturgical word usage. These include: the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos (October 1/14), the Circumcision of the Lord and the memory of St. Basil the Great (January 1/14), the Nativity of John the Baptist (June 24/July 7), the memory of the supreme app. Peter and Paul (June 29 / July 12), the Beheading of John the Baptist (August 29 / September 11), and also, according to some old calendars, the repose (death) of St. John the Theologian (September 26/October 9), commemoration of St. Nicholas, Archbishop of Mir of Lycia (December 6/19) and the transfer of his relics from Mir to the Italian city of Bari (May 9/22).

All other numerous holidays are dedicated to incorporeal forces (the common holiday is the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, November 8/21), Old Testament and Christian saints, commemoration of significant events in Sacred Biblical and Christian history, the appearance of miraculous icons, the discovery of relics.
The constant canonization of new saints means the continuous replenishment of the Christian calendar.

The Church Charter (Typicon) provides for the gradation of all holidays into five categories according to the degree of solemnity of their worship, which is fixed by special signs (the sixth category has no sign). The patronal feast of any church (whose name it bears) is equated for it in the liturgical aspect with the Twelve Feasts. The same degree of solemnity can be inherent in "locally honored" holidays, even those that have a modest liturgical status at the general church level.

Holidays common to all Christians are, first of all, Easter and Christmas (the latter, as a special calendar celebration, does not have the Armenian and other Monophysite churches). The most important annual holidays are mostly the same for Orthodox and Catholics (because they are based on the same events of sacred history), but differ in dates, often in names and semantic nuances, as well as in the nature of the celebration.
Many saints of the one Church are equally revered: eastern ones in the West, western ones in the East (Basil the Great - Ambrose of Milan, etc.). But the saints of one Church who lived after the division of the Churches (1054) can be venerated in another Church mainly at the local level, with the permission of the church authorities. The official Catholic calendar, for example, includes the names of Sts. Cyril of Turov (May 11), Anthony of Pechersk (July 24), Equal-to-the-Apostles Olga and Vladimir (July 27 and 28), Boris and Gleb (August 5), Sergius of Radonezh (October 8); the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God is also commemorated (September 7).
Protestants, rejecting the veneration of the Mother of God, saints, relics and icons, do not have their respective holidays in their calendars.

Studying Holidays in Context overall process is engaged in the formation of the church calendar (lit. "holiday studies") - an auxiliary historical discipline, one of the sections of academic liturgy.

Liturgical texts are contained in the Service, in 12 volumes (for fixed feasts), the Lenten and Colored (for mobile feasts), the Festive Menaia, as well as in numerous editions of services for individual feasts, often containing historical references, commentaries, notations, and other appendices.

“How to celebrate the holiday? We celebrate an event (to delve into the greatness of the event, its purpose, its fruit for believers) or a person, such as: the Lord, the Mother of God, Angels and Saints (to delve into the attitude of that person towards God and humanity, into his beneficial influence on the Church of God , at all). It is necessary to delve into the history of an event or person, to approach the event or person, otherwise the holiday will be imperfect, unpleasing. Holidays should have an impact on our lives, should enliven, kindle our faith (hearts) in future blessings and nourish pious, good morals.

New Year (old style), Circumcision of the Lord and the feast of Basil the Great - three important holidays Orthodox Church notes January 14, 2018, .

The New Year according to the old style, or, as it is more commonly called, the Old New Year, is celebrated on the night of January 13-14. Russia conducted its chronology according to the Julian calendar, which even now is considered by many to be more accurate, until 1918. And although now the secular calendar completely coincides with the Gregorian calendar, adopted in Catholic countries in the 16th century, the Russian Orthodox Church keeps track of time according to the old, previously canceled calendar. This explains the difference of 14 days between the dates of religious holidays according to the church and the general calendar. Therefore, the church new year now falls on January 14, from this day the countdown of the numbers of the church year begins.

And on this first day of the new year according to the church calendar, January 14, the significant Lord's feast of the Circumcision of the Lord is celebrated.

The Feast of the Circumcision of the Lord has been celebrated in the Orthodox Church since the 4th century. It was installed in memory of the ceremony that was performed on Jewish boys on the eighth day after birth as a sign of God's Covenant with the forefather Abraham and the Jewish people. It was on this day that the rite was performed on the Infant born of the Virgin Mary and He was named Jesus (Savior), as was announced by the Archangel Gabriel on the day of the Annunciation.

The New Year (old style), the Circumcision of the Lord and the feast of Basil the Great are three important holidays the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates on January 14, 2018

The Lord accepted circumcision so that no one could later doubt that He was a true Man who accepted the laws of his people.

In the Old Testament, circumcision was a sign that distinguished God's chosen people from others. In New Testament times, Baptism became such a sign of belonging to the sons of God.

On this day, January 14, the Church remembers Basil the Great - the Holy Father of the Ancient Church, who stands at the origins of church liturgy.

The New Year (old style), the Circumcision of the Lord and the feast of Basil the Great are three important holidays the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates on January 14, 2018

Saint Basil the Great was the archbishop of the city of Caesarea in Cappadocia, as well as a church writer and theologian. In addition, it is he who is credited with substantiating the construction of the iconostasis - the altar barrier, which distinguishes Orthodox churches. Basil the Great is the author of the Orthodox liturgy bearing his name, which is served 10 times a year, according to the Liturgical Rule:

On the day of memory of Basil the Great - January 1 (14)
- On the eve of the feasts of the Nativity of Christ and Epiphany. Or on the holidays themselves, if their eve falls on Saturday or Sunday
- In Great Lent: On 1 (first), 2 (second), 3 (third), 4 (fourth) and 5 (fifth) Sundays
- On Holy Week: On Maundy Thursday and Saturday

On the evening before, an All-Night Vigil with a polyeleos is served, on the morning of January 14, the liturgy of Basil the Great.

The New Year (old style), the Circumcision of the Lord and the feast of Basil the Great are three important holidays the Russian Orthodox Church celebrates on January 14, 2018

Few Christians know why Easter is in different days. To understand this issue, you need to remember the history of the holiday and the basis for calculating its date. Statistics show that even experts on this topic cannot summarize its essence in a nutshell, so many important events are intertwined here.

Great Sunday is one of the most important Christian holidays, which is revered by millions of believers, which is why it is so important to know at least theoretically why Easter is in different time. After all, in modern world you don't have to worry about it. Church calendars are issued indicating the dates of all holidays, and the Internet also comes to the rescue, in which there are ready-made formulas (you just need to set the year for calculation or find the appropriate topic).

How is the holy day calculated?

The day of celebration of the resurrection of Jesus Christ falls on a new date every year. It is calculated using special formulas, some of whose data are variable. To calculate the date christ day one of them you need to know:

Spring date when day equals night
The date of the full moon following the equinox
Day of the week on which Bright Sunday is celebrated

After reviewing many of the calculations used by scientists, there is no desire to try to calculate the date of the holiday, as they are complex and require certain knowledge, both in the field of mathematics and astronomy. Why does the date of Easter change?

Determining a date using a formula

A fairly simple formula, proposed by Carl Gauss in the early 19th century, contains only mathematical calculations. He did not give explanations for this calculation, but it can be used to determine the time of the holiday in any year.

Actions:

1. The year (or rather its number) in which you need to find out the date of the Great Day is divided by 19. The remainder \u003d A
2. Year number divided by 4 = B
3. Year number divided by 7 = C
4. (19 * A + 15) : 30 = number and remainder = D
5. (2 * B + 4 * C + 6 * D + 6) : 7 = number. Remainder = E
6. D+E<= 9, то Пасха будет в марте + 22 дня, если >, then in April: the resulting number is 9

Calculation example for 2014:

1. 2014: 19 = 106, remainder = 0
2. 2014: 4 = 603 rest 2
3. 2014: 7 = 287 rest 5
4. (19 * 0 + 15) : 30 = 0.5 remainder 15
5. (2 * 2 + 4 * 5 + 6 * 15 + 6) : 7 = 17 remainder 1
6. 15+1 = 16 is greater than 9, so feast of christ will be in April 16-9 = 7, the correction for style is +13 days, which means April 20th.

Sunday after full moon

The Orthodox Church uses the calculation, which was adopted in the third century. Easter is celebrated according to the rules of the Alexandrian Paschalia after the vernal equinox (March 21 old style and April 3 new) on the first Sunday after the full moon.

A bit of history

Many years have passed since Jesus Christ was crucified for human sins and resurrected. Since that time, Christ's day is celebrated annually on the fourteenth day of the first month of spring. According to the ancient lunar calendar This event falls on the first day of the week, i.e. Sunday. Before the conquest by Babylon, this month was called Aviv, and after the captivity - Nisan. The modern calendar has a clearly established framework for celebrating the resurrection of the Lord: this day can be between April 4 and May 8 in the new style (March 22 and April 25 in the old style).

The thing is that before there was no single chronology. One of the most ancient peoples - the Israelites, kept track of time by the lunar calendar, the Egyptians and Romans - by the sun.

Moon calendar: main parameters

12 months
Number of days in a month 29 or 30
Number of days in a year 354

Solar calendar: main parameters

12 months
Number of days in a month 30
Number of days in a year 365

It can be seen that the difference in days between the calendars was 11 days. To smooth over the discrepancy, the Jews added an additional month - the thirteenth (Ve-Adar) every few years. This happened in the year that is considered a leap year in the modern calendar. Some peoples believed that there were only 10 months (304 days) in a year, and the year began in March, and then the remaining January and February were added.

The implementation of two significant reforms has simplified the process of monitoring the passing days:

1. Caesar's reform - Julian calendar

The Roman emperor Gaius Julius Caesar decided to streamline the chronology in his territory. Thus, the new Julian calendar contained 365 days in a year, and in a leap year - 366. But, despite this, the lunar calendar did not cease to exist and was carried out in parallel.

The reform was finally fixed for the entire Christian world in 325 at the council of bishops. It was then that the months of July and August were named after the emperors. The Julian calculus is used in the Orthodox Church.

2. Foundation of the Gregorian calendar

Nature has its own laws. The Julian calendar turned out to be imperfect: the spring equinox was coming, and on the calendar it was only March 11th. Again there was a need for reform. Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 founded the Gregorian calendar, according to which the year consisted of 365 days.

This is interesting:

The inhabitants of Rome and Egypt, who were guided by the solar calendar, had a different number of days in a year: 355 and 354.

The new time reckoning in Russia began to be used only 336 years after the reform. The Orthodox Church resisted accepting it, uprisings broke out, blood was shed.

The difference between the new and old styles is now 13 days. The initial difference of 10 days increased in each century by one day.

First, the Jewish Resurrection takes place, then the Catholic and Orthodox. Why this happens and why Easter cakes are baked for Easter can be found by looking into history.

Often the dates intersect: Jewish can coincide with Catholic, and Catholic with Orthodox. Jewish same with the Orthodox never intersect.

In Israel, the week starts on Sunday - this is the first working day. Saturday is a day off, and Friday is usually a shortened day.

During the existence of Alexandria, the day of Easter was calculated by the current bishop and reported to Rome so that the celebration took place on the same day. But gradually this tradition disappeared.

There was a time when Christians did not fool themselves with the calculation of the date of the Resurrection of the Lord and the question of why Easter is a passing holiday. They celebrated the holiday a week after the Jewish Passover.

When is Easter this year? And when is carnival? When does Lent start? These are the questions people ask each other year after year. Many are surprised: why some church holidays are celebrated on the same day from year to year, while others fall on different dates each time? How are these dates determined? Let's figure it out.

Easter in the Old Testament

The celebration of Easter among the Jews was established by the prophet Moses in honor of the exodus of the Jews from Egypt (see Pesach). “Keep the Passover to the Lord your God, because in the month of Nisan (Aviv) the Lord your God brought you out of Egypt by night” (Deut. 16:1). In memory of the exodus on Easter, a ritual slaughter of a one-year-old male lamb, without blemish, was prescribed, it should have been baked on fire, and eaten completely, without breaking the bones, with unleavened bread (unleavened, unleavened bread) and bitter herbs in the family circle during the Easter night ( Exod. 12:1-28; Num. 9:1-14). After the destruction of the temple in Jerusalem, ritual slaughter became impossible, so the Jews on Pesach eat only unleavened bread - matzah.

Easter among the early Christians

In the Christian Church, Easter has been celebrated since the first centuries, but due to local traditions, peculiarities of the calendar and calculations in the communities of different cities, the days of celebrating Easter did not coincide. Therefore, at the First Ecumenical Council in 325, it was decided to adopt a single method for the entire Christian world to determine the date of Easter. Then it was decided that Christians should not follow the custom of the Jews in determining the day of this most holy celebration. At the Council it was forbidden to celebrate Easter "before the spring equinox together with the Jews."

When is Easter this year?

In 2019, Orthodox Christians will celebrate Easter on April 28. The date of the celebration of Easter is determined by a special calculation called the Orthodox Paschalia.

Paschalia is a calculation system that allows, according to special tables that determine the relationship a large number calendar and astronomical values, to determine the dates of the celebration of Easter and passing church holidays for any given year.

The Russian Orthodox Church uses the traditional Julian calendar, created under Julius Caesar in 45 BC, to calculate the date of the celebration of Easter and passing holidays. This calendar is often referred to as the "old style". Western Christians use the Gregorian calendar, introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. It is commonly referred to as "new style".

According to the rules of the First Ecumenical Council (325, Nicaea), the celebration Orthodox Easter takes place on the first Sunday after the vernal full moon, which occurs after or on the day of the vernal equinox, if this Sunday falls after the Jewish Passover day; otherwise, the celebration of Orthodox Easter is transferred to the first Sunday after the day of Jewish Passover.

Thus, the day of the celebration of Easter falls within the limits of March 22 to April 25 of the old style, or from April 4 to May 8 of the new style. After calculating the date of Easter, a calendar of the rest of the passing church holidays is compiled.

Church holidays

Every day of the calendar year is dedicated by the Church to the commemoration of one or another sacred event, the celebration of the memory of saints, or the glorification of the miraculous icons of the Most Holy Theotokos.

The most important day of the church year is the feast of the Holy Resurrection of Christ, or Easter. The next in importance are the 12 great twelfth holidays (the name itself - the twelfth - indicates their number). Then, according to the meaning, the Church singles out 5 great holidays. There are others holidays celebrated by the celebration of solemn divine services. Sundays stand out in particular, which are also dedicated to the remembrance of the Resurrection of the Lord and are called "Little Pascha".

The twelfth holidays are divided into non-transitory and transitory. Dates of non-transferable holidays do not change from year to year; Passover holidays fall on different dates every year and depend on which day in the current year Easter falls on. The beginning of Great Lent, the popularly beloved Pancake week, Palm Sunday, as well as the Ascension and the day of the Holy Trinity also depend on the date of Easter.

The twelfth feasts are divided into Lord's (in honor of the Lord Jesus Christ) or Mother of God (dedicated to the Mother of God). Some of the events that became the basis for the holidays are described in the Gospel, and some are established on the basis of church tradition.

The Twelfth Passing Holidays:

• Holy Christ's Resurrection. Easter
• Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem. Palm Sunday (7 days before Easter)
• Ascension of the Lord (on the 40th day after Easter)
• Day of the Holy Trinity. Pentecost (50th day after Easter)

Twelfth non-passing holidays:

• September 21 - Nativity of the Blessed Virgin.
• September 27 - Exaltation of the Holy Cross.
• December 4 - Entry into the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos.
• January 7 - Christmas.
• January 19 - Epiphany. Epiphany.
• February 15 - Meeting of the Lord.
• April 7 - Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin.
• August 19 - Transfiguration of the Lord.
• August 28 - Assumption of the Blessed Virgin.

great post

Easter is preceded by Great Lent - the strictest and longest of all Orthodox fasts. When does Lent start? It depends on the date on which Easter falls in the current year. Fasting always lasts 48 days: 40 days of Great Lent proper, called Forty Days, and 8 days of Holy Week, starting from Lazarus Saturday until Great Saturday on the eve of Easter. Therefore, the beginning of fasting is easy to determine by counting 7 weeks from the date of Easter.

The significance of Great Lent lies not only in the strict rules of abstinence from food (only eating plant foods is prescribed, fish is allowed only twice - on the Annunciation and on Palm Sunday), and avoiding various entertainments and amusements, but also in a very deep liturgical system in its content. The services of Great Lent are very special, unlike anything else. Each Sunday is dedicated to its own special theme, and together they set the believers to deep humility before God and repentance for their sins.

How is the date of Easter calculated?

In the era of the creation of Paschalia (the system for calculating the dates of Easter), people represented the passage of time differently than now. They believed that all events occur in a circle (“everything returns to normal”). And the whole variety of events is determined by the fact that there are many such “circles” (“cycles”) and they different sizes. In a circle, day is replaced by night, summer - winter, new moon - full moon.

It is difficult for a modern person to imagine this, since in his mind he builds a “straight line” of historical events from the past to the future.

The simplest and most famous (and still used) circle is the day of the week circle. Sunday is followed by Monday, Monday is followed by Tuesday, and so on until the next Sunday, followed by Monday again.

The calculation of the date of Easter is based on two cycles: solar (28 years) and lunar (19 years). Each year has its own number in each of these cycles (these numbers are called "Circle of the Sun" and "Circle of the Moon"), and their combination is repeated only once every 532 years (this interval is called the "Great Indiction").

The "Circle of the Sun" is associated with the Julian calendar, in which 3 consecutive years are simple (365 days each), and the fourth is a leap year (366 days). To harmonize a cycle of 4 years with a 7-day weekly cycle, a cycle of 28 years (7?4) was created. After 28 years, the days of the week will fall on the same numbers of the months of the Julian calendar (in the "new" "Gregorian" calendar, everything is more complicated ...). That is, the calendar of 1983 had exactly the same form as the calendar of 2011 (1983+28=2011). For example, the 1st (14th according to the “new style”) of January 2011 is Friday; and January 1st, 1983 was also a Friday.

That is, the "circle of the Sun" helps to find out on which days of the week the corresponding numbers of the months of the year fall.

"Circle of the Moon" is designed to coordinate the lunar phases (new moon, full moon, etc.) with the dates of the Julian calendar. It is based on the fact that 19 solar years is almost exactly equal to 235 lunar months.

An equinox is the moment when the Sun, in its apparent motion, crosses the "celestial equator". At this time, the length of the day is equal to the length of the night, and the Sun rises exactly in the East and sets exactly in the West.

A solar year (otherwise called a "tropical year") is the interval between two successive spring equinoxes. Its duration is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds (365.2422 days). In the Julian calendar, for convenience and simplicity, the length of the year is taken to be 365 days 6 hours (365.25 days). In about 128 years, the spring equinox is shifted by one day (in the 15th century of the "new era" the equinox was March 12-13, and in the 20th - March 7-8).

The lunar month (otherwise called "synodic") is the interval between two new moons. Its average duration is 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 3 seconds (29.53059 days).

That is why it turns out that 19 solar years (19365.2422=6939.6018 days) is approximately 235 lunar months (23529.53059=6939.6887 days).

After 19 years, the lunar phases (full moons, for example) will fall on the same numbers of the Julian calendar (this is not observed for long periods of time - an error of one day accumulates for approximately 310 years). We are talking, of course, about average values. The actual dates of the lunar phases, due to the complexity of the movement of the moon, may deviate from the average values. For example, the real full moon in Moscow in April 1990 was on the 10th (“new style”) at 06:19, and in 2009 (19 years after 1990) - on April 9 ( "new style") at 17:55.

Based on the tables obtained, it is possible to determine the date of Easter for any year.

Hieromonk Job (Gumerov) gives a not so clear, but more mathematically simple method of calculating the date of Orthodox Easter: “Of all the practical methods of calculation, the method proposed by the greatest German mathematician Karl Gauss (1777 - 1855) is recognized as the simplest. Divide the number of the year by 19 and call the remainder "a"; the remainder of the division of the number of the year by 4 will be denoted by the letter “b”, and through “c” the remainder of the division of the number of the year by 7. Divide the value 19 x a + 15 by 30 and call the remainder the letter “d”. The remainder of the division by 7 of the value 2 x b + 4 x c + 6 x d + 6 is denoted by the letter "e". The number 22 + d + e will be the day of Easter for March, and the number d + e - 9 for April. For example, let's take 1996. From dividing it by 19 there will be a remainder of 1 (a). When divided by 4, the remainder will be zero (b). Dividing the number of the year by 7, we get the remainder 1 (s). If we continue the calculations, we get: d \u003d 4, and e \u003d 6. Therefore, 4 + 6 - 9 \u003d April 1 (Julian calendar - old style - approx. editions)».

When is Easter for Catholics?

In 1583, in the Roman Catholic Church, Pope Gregory XIII introduced a new Paschal, called the Gregorian. As a result of the change in Paschalia, the whole calendar has changed. As a result of the transition to more accurate astronomical dates, Catholic Easter often celebrated before the Jewish one or on the same day, and ahead of the Orthodox Easter in some years by more than a month.

The discrepancy between the dates of Orthodox Easter and Catholic Easter is caused by the difference in the date of church full moons, and the difference between solar calendars - 13 days in the 21st century. Western Easter in 45% of cases is a week earlier than Orthodox, in 30% of cases it coincides, 5% is a difference of 4 weeks, and 20% is a difference of 5 weeks (more than the lunar cycle). There is no difference in 2-3 weeks.

1. G \u003d (Y mod 19) + 1 (G is the so-called "golden number in the metonic" cycle - the 19-year cycle of full moons)
2. C \u003d (Y / 100) + 1 (if Y is not a multiple of 100, then C is the century number)
3. X \u003d 3 * C / 4 - 12 (adjustment for the fact that three of four years multiples of 100 is not a leap year)
4. Z = (8*C + 5)/25 - 5 (synchronization with the lunar orbit, the year is not a multiple of the lunar month)
5. D \u003d 5 * Y / 4 - X - 10 (in March, the day? D mod 7 will be Sunday)
6. E \u003d (10 * G + 20 + Z - X) mod 30 (epakta - indicates the day of the full moon)
7. IF (E = 24) OR (E = 25 AND G > 11) THEN increase E by 1
8. N = 44 - E ( March nth- day of the calendar full moon)
9. IF N 10. N = N + 7 - (D + N) mod 7
11. IF N > 31 THEN the date of Easter (N ? 31) April ELSE the date of Easter N March

Photo - photobank Lori

It's time to find out what date the Old New Year 2018 is and how to prepare for this holiday! You can read funny carols to your friends or neighbors, you can get together for festive table in the family. Cook dumplings, read congratulations and have a good time - isn't this the whole point of the Old New Year?

The Old New Year in different regions and countries is celebrated by the Slavs in their own way. That is why opinions often differ on the Internet regarding the traditions of celebrating this holiday. For example, in the central regions of Russia, on January 14, St. Basil the Great (the patron saint of agriculture) is venerated.

In the southern regions, the night from January 13 to January 14 is also called " generous evening". In addition, the Old New Year is currently celebrated not only by the Slavs, but also by residents of other countries. In 2018, the holiday will be celebrated in Greece, Romania. It should be mentioned that some of the customs of celebrating the Old New Year are borrowed from these countries.

What date is the Old New Year - when is it celebrated?

If you have not yet remembered what date this event falls on, then know - on January 14, 2018. More precisely, on the night of the 13th to the 14th of January. Some confusion in the dates occurred because Russia switched to the Gregorian system of chronology in 1918. By the way, January 14 is not only the Old New Year, but also two Orthodox holiday: St. Basil's Day and Melania's Memorial Day.

In Switzerland, everything is even more interesting - on January 14, St. Sylvester is venerated here (no, not the one that StalloneJ). The people of the country wear fancy dresses and call each other Sylvester-Klaus. In Romania, unusual pies are massively baked, in which garlic, pepper, as well as rings and coins are added as fillings. In Montenegro, baked goods are made from corn dough.

Funny carols for the Old New Year

On the holiday, it is customary not only to sculpt dumplings and cook other delicious dishes. According to tradition, caroling was also supposed to be done on New Year's Eve. In our time, carols and schedrovkas are little known to residents of modern megacities. Therefore, we have collected for you the most different carols- adults and children, comic, for every taste.

To get a carol click on the image of Santa Claus.

By the way, you can celebrate the Old New Year in 2018 not only with carols. This holiday falls on the famous Christmas week - the perfect time to find out your destiny! And the site presented on the site will help you with this.

As celebrated "Vasiliev evening"

In the evening, the whole family gathered at the festive table. In honor of St. Basil, spring wheat was scattered around the hut and a prayer was said. Then the grain was collected, tied in a rag and stored in a holy corner until sowing.

After the feast, the celebrants went to the crossroads to burn "Didukh" (symbolic grandfather). A ceremony of dressing was performed around the fire. Burnt in fire old clothes and immediately dressed up in a new one. The rite of dressing symbolized renewal, good changes in the coming year and getting rid of the present difficulties. When the fire near the fire began to fade, the Slavs jumped over the fire. By this action, they also cast out evil spirits.

It was believed that on the night of January 14, everything came to the ground. The second holy week was revered as terrible. To exorcise evil girls adolescence at night, they carried ritual porridge (kutya) to their homes. Such generosity drove away evil spirits. Ritual treats were accompanied by chants. It was implied that singing songs also helped to exile.

In the morning, the guys went to "sow" in the huts, they threw wheat on the thresholds of houses. The women tried to catch the grains in their hem and put them behind the icon ().

According to tradition, the first person to enter the house on January 14 was a male. The Slavs believed that in this case, the whole next year, the family will have success in business and joyful events.

As families celebrated "Generous Evening"

In "Generous Evening" there was a special tradition for cooking kutya. To perform this ceremony, all family members gathered at two in the morning. The oldest woman in the family took cereal, and head man brought water.

Then the stove had to be fired up. It was not supposed to brew porridge before the fire in the oven flared up. The woman was still stirring the raw dish, uttering a special spell.

Cooked porridge was carefully examined before use. If the dish "succeeded", then this was regarded as a good sign. If the porridge ran away from the dishes or the cast iron was damaged, then they began to expect a bad event. Legends say that usually the planned incident came true.

On the same festive night, the whole family made dumplings or dumplings. Several culinary products were made with a surprise. For example, they put coins there to find out which of the family members will be lucky next year. After dinner, the Slavs went to visit their neighbors. The celebrants treated each other to delicious food and asked for forgiveness for past grievances.