The only teenager who was sentenced to death in the USSR. Arkady Neiland is the only teenager sentenced to capital punishment in the USSR Physical development of a child

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The psychology of a teenager is a term that is interpreted ambiguously. Since, on the one hand, it implies a science that studies the characteristics of the behavioral patterns of children who have entered the pubertal stage of formation. On the other hand, it means directly the essence of the concept under consideration - the age specificity of behavior, features mental processes.

Adolescent psychology is considered the most controversial phenomenon, characterized by inconstancy and the appearance of notes of rebellion. The teenage stage is marked by the exit of the crumbs from childhood. Here, yesterday's baby begins to look into his own inner world, comprehends new things about his personality. At the described stage, critical thinking is formed against the background of rebellion and denial of habitual behavioral patterns.

Features of adolescent development

Puberty is the most difficult of all stages. child development. The stage under consideration is also called the transitional one, since the so-called “transformation” of the child into an adult person takes place, the transition from childhood to maturity. Such a transformation affects all aspects of a teenager's being, his anatomical and physiological formation, intellectual and moral maturation, as well as all subtypes of activity, namely: play, educational and labor.

At the stage of puberty, the circumstances of the child's being and his activities change significantly, which leads to the need to transform mental processes, break the old, previously established forms of interaction with peers and adults. Educational activity is complicated by increased requirements, increased workload, the emergence of new sciences that need to be studied systematically. All this requires a deeper level of mental processes: thorough generalizations and reasoned evidence, understanding of abstract relationships between objects, development of abstract concepts.

In addition, the teenager's principles, worldview, social position, position among classmates are significantly transformed. The child begins to play a more significant role in the school environment, the family. In this regard, the society and parents begin to make more demands on him, which become more serious and thorough in content.

In the process of complicated educational activity, the intellect of adolescents is noticeably improved. The content of the sciences comprehended at school, the modification of the nature and content of educational activity develop in them the ability to independently think, generalize, reason, analyze, compare and summarize.

In addition, the described stage in the maturation of a child's personality is also marked by puberty, which seriously complicates the passage of the considered stage of development.

13 years old

It is believed that, on average, it is at the age of thirteen that adolescents begin to resemble a picture of deep contrasts. They have only white and black tones in judgments and attitudes towards being, which is found in teenage maximalism and the spirit of rebellion.

The physical features of no longer babies, but also far from adult individuals, are characterized by a greater development of young ladies in comparison with their young gentlemen. This is especially pronounced in growth, since the formation of a muscular corset slows down in girls against the background of intensive growth of the bone skeleton.

It is believed that, on average, boys are two years behind girls in formation. However, regardless of gender, all maturing children become more suspicious, begin to pay attention to their own appearance, and most have an increase in appetite.

The psychology of 13-year-old adolescents is undergoing dramatic transformations, as it is marked by hormonal changes. In addition, yesterday's children begin to identify themselves with adult individuals who have their own desires, thoughts and attitudes.

Emotional features include:

- increased emotionality of girls;

- irascibility;

- insecurity that children do their best to learn how to overcome;

- emotional outburst (teenagers experience a brighter range of emotions, they are more likely than adults to feel happy or immensely unhappy);

- the existence of simultaneously opposite emotions (teenagers can hate someone and love at the same time);

- there is a passion for something new.

Among the features of the social orientation are:

- striving for independence from parental care;

- the value of friendship appears;

- there is negativism and exactingness in relation to teachers, surrounding adults and parents;

- idols may appear (children often fall in love with movie, pop stars).

Intellectual development has the following specifics:

- the views of idealists become closer to children;

- they need evidence to support any opinions expressed by parents or other adults, otherwise adolescents reject them without any regrets;

- reject conventional views (they are more likely to accept a strikingly different view);

- the ability to think logically is intensively manifested;

- logic is formed along with the development of abstract thinking, therefore adults often see contradictions in the reasoning of adolescents;

- here yesterday's children are already beginning to make independent decisions, relying solely on their individual value system.

14 years old

The significance of the considered stage of the formation of the child is explained by the laying of the foundations of moral, ethical principles and social attitudes in this period.

Numerous shifts are observed here, which are in the nature of a breakdown of previously grafted: interests, features, relationships. The transformations that mark the stage under consideration are accompanied by subjective problems of a teenager (mental experiences, inner confusion, physiological difficulties) and
complications for teachers and parents of a growing child (stubbornness, rudeness, aggressiveness, negativism, irritability).

Psychologists refer to the described age as the time of five “no”, because adolescents:

- do not want to learn, as their abilities allow;

- do not want to listen to advice;

- do not do household chores;

- do not clean up after themselves;

- They don't come on time.

At this stage, the following biological changes are also noted: growth increase, endocrine changes, transformation of the motor apparatus, discrepancy between the growth of the myocardium and capillaries (the myocardium grows faster than the circulatory system, which can sometimes cause dysfunction of the cardiovascular apparatus).

The consequence of biological transformations is:

- the formation of sexual desire;

- abrupt changes in states, moods and reactions (imbalance, agitation, periodic apathy, lethargy, weakness);

- clumsiness, angularity, fussiness, a bright and unconstrained manifestation of emotions.

The main need of this age stage is the need for communicative interaction with comrades. Communication for them is a kind of means of knowing one's own personality through others, self-affirmation of the personality, finding oneself.

Due to the prevalence of communication, academic performance drops sharply, as motivation for learning activities decreases. Boys are less sociable than girls who are drawn to older boys.

The psychology of a 14-year-old teenager is also complicated by an increase in the influence of the emotional sphere on various kinds activities. own attitude to teachers, adults, peers, educational activities a teenager builds on the basis of emotions. The mind takes a backseat here.

15 years

At the described stage, the so-called split in the sensory field and consciousness is born. There is a counterbalance to the hormonal surge, the sexual desire covering the mind and body, and the sudden emergence of interest in associates of the opposite sex. There is an intensive "growing up" of consciousness, which gives rise to a new worldview.

The psychology of a 15-year-old teenager is marked by changes in the cognitive sphere. The most striking changes occur in intellectual activity. At the stage under consideration, the skills of logical mental activity develop, then theoretical thinking, logical memory is formed. Also actively ripen and Creative skills yesterday's child and an individual manner of activity is developed, which is reflected in the style of mental activity.

The described period is marked by secondary socialization, which implies greater involvement of cognitive mechanisms. Here a worldview is formed, a value base is developed, an idea of ​​one's own destiny, the meaning of being.

Yesterday's children are included in a completely new structure of relationships. Their actual position among their peers and in the family is also changing. In adolescents, the field of activity is significantly expanding, its variations are seriously complicated. They have their own position. Teenagers begin to consider themselves adults. There is a desire that teachers, parents and other adult environment perceive them as equals. At the same time, teenagers do not think that they demand more rights than they are able to take on responsibilities.

Here, the main neoplasms of the period are the emergence of conscious regulation of one's own actions, the ability to take into account the interests, feelings of others and navigate one's behavioral response to them.

The psychology of a 15-year-old teenager is such that it is precisely the nature of the system of relationships that has developed with the surrounding society that becomes decisive in development.

16 years

A sixteen-year-old teenager is the most difficult test for parents. It was this period that marked the concept of "difficult" in relation to adolescents in general.

At the same time, as many psychologists believe, the complexity of the stage under consideration is due, as a rule, to the difficulty of “fitting” the teenager himself into the environment.

It is rather difficult for sixteen-year-old children to try on a qualitatively new self - after all, they have already ceased to be children, but have not yet become adults.

Below are the characteristic features that mark the stage in question:

- Adolescents actively develop a worldview on a conscious level, against the background of the full maturity of the “concept of the self”, as a result of which 16-year-olds are of little interest in evaluating others;

- professional interests are formed, skills of managing others are revealed, often bordering on outright provocations;

- there is a growing need for a close-knit group of individuals, which is united by common interests, it is this age that cases of mass protests are inherent in;

- there is a formation of attractiveness and individual positions that show attitude to this issue;

- at this stage of maturation, adolescents become more emotionally balanced, and their actions become more consistent and practically devoid of impulsivity;

- Sixteen-year-olds begin to strive for serious relationships, both in friendship and in a romantic relationship;

- personal relationships come to the fore here, the intimacy of these relationships increases;

- Adolescents begin to seek independent earnings.

- negativism is reduced.

17 years

The stage under consideration is marked by the formation of value-semantic self-regulation of behavioral response. When an individual learns to interpret and regulate his own actions accordingly, the need to explain his behavior involuntarily leads to the subordination of his own actions legislative norms. Adolescents have the so-called philosophical "poisoning" of consciousness. They are plunged into doubts, endless thoughts that hinder an initiative and active position.

Seventeen-year-old individuals are already considered adults by society, which puts pressure on a child who has not yet matured. There comes a turning point when school is left behind, and society and parents require children to make a decision about further action Either they continue to study or find a job. From here, adolescents develop a fear of not overpowering the load that has arisen, fear of the opportunities that have opened up and possible failures.

The core activity of the age of seventeen is social interaction. Girls devote more and more attention to their own appearance. Sometimes far-fetched shortcomings lead to their stiffness and unwillingness to appear in society.

In the period under review, the formation of the skull is completed. Also, at this stage of maturation, the formation female body. All the main dimensional features of the body practically reach the final size. In girls, the ossification of tubular (long) bones is completed.

Youth is considered the beginning of adulthood. Therefore, the feeling that there is still a lot of time ahead provides a wide platform for experimentation, trial, error and self-discovery. At this stage, basically all the functions of the psyche have already been formed. The stabilization phase has begun. The analyzed stage is marked by the crisis of the age of seventeen.

Psychology of adolescent boys

The adolescence of the sons of Adam consists in the transformation of boys into adult husbands. At this stage, biological maturation occurs, which coincides with the emergence of new interests, disappointment in past hobbies.

Young teenagers are parting with childhood, there is no understanding of what will happen to them next, so they feel discomfort.

In the pubertal period, active growth of boys is noted: the hormonal background changes, the voice “breaks”, the skeleton grows.

It is this stage that is manifested by the extreme intolerance of young men, the unwillingness to help someone who is different. For teenage boys, their appearance becomes important, so if there are problems with their appearance, then there will be trouble. Because there are sure to be boys ready to laugh, and others ready to support them in this fun.

Such teenage problems are not uncommon. They are an important psychological basis of the period under review. Due to the rapid hormonal changes in adolescents, acne often appears, and weight increases. Boys suffer from uncontrolled erections.

In addition to physical transformations, sexual and hormonal metamorphoses, other changes occur with the child. His views on being are changing, questions that previously did not interest him at all begin to worry. The danger of this stage lies in the exaggeration of one's own abilities, since everything seems more rosy, accessible and simple to yesterday's children.

This age is characterized by the emergence of a "gap" between common sense and emotions. Underdevelopment of the prefrontal zone in puberty explains the emergence of major problems in behavioral response. Therefore, teenagers are often unable to correctly analyze the situation only due to the immaturity of the nervous processes.

Psychology of adolescent girls

During puberty, there is an intensive growth of the body and hormonal changes. Therefore, many girls begin to put on weight, the body is rounded, becoming more feminine.

Since the body does not have time to quickly adapt to the ongoing metamorphoses, it has to work hard. Hence, girls experience increased fatigue, drowsiness and apathy. Chronic ailments may also worsen or new ones may appear.

The skin condition can worsen due to the increase in the production of estrogen and progesterone, which also negatively affects the emotional mood of the child. Also, this stage is marked by the appearance of the first menstruation, which is often accompanied by pain and weakness.

All the processes occurring in the body are inevitably reflected in the child's nervous system. In addition, contrived disadvantages such as: excess weight, problem skin, the appearance of the smell of sweat, negatively affect the self-esteem of a teenage girl. This is fertile ground for the emergence of various complexes in a teenage girl.

Due to the increased production of sex hormones, the emotional background of girls is unstable, its various forms can change every second - from apathy to joyful unreasonable excitement, from tearfulness to obvious aggression.

Teenage girls are often prone to despondency. They are convinced that everything is wrong with them. Girls are often prone to tearfulness. Often they feel hatred and irritation towards those closest to them.

Their memory deteriorates, concentration decreases, the ability to express their thoughts is impaired.

Girls who are at the described stage of growing up often resemble three-year-old babies in their own actions and words. Often you can hear from them: “I myself”, “don’t bother me”, “leave me alone”.

Problems of adolescence

The complication of real trends in social advancement, the acceleration of the rhythm of existence, the preference for a hedonistic way of being have an impact on the formation of modern adolescents. The current circumstances cause passivity in children, aggression, depressive moods, moral indifference and creates barriers to identifying one's own moral values ​​and comprehending the meaning of one's own existence.

That is why the psychology of modern adolescents, in comparison with the psychology of the early periods of formation, is characterized by specificity. After all, the dynamism of life and its attitude to pleasure as the highest value is reflected in the hearts and minds of new generations.

To the main problems adolescence should include:

- the anger of children (the problem lies not in the very presence of this feeling, but in the inability to control it), manifested in passive-aggressive behavioral reactions in order to unbalance the adult environment or parents, and is characterized by unconsciousness, being the result of hushed up anger;

- emotional instability;

- suicidal tendencies, which are generated by underestimation, parental indifference, a feeling of loneliness, depressive moods;

- homosexuality, which consists in an intimate attraction to subjects of the same sex;

- expressed by a dreary, depressed mood, pessimism, a sense of one's own worthlessness, slowness of movements, monotony of ideas, a decrease in motives, various somatic deviations;

- personal self-determination, which includes social self-determination, family, professional, moral, religious and life.

The pubertal stage is considered the most difficult period for the teenager himself and for his parents. Therefore, mutual understanding should be the main thing in relationships with a maturing child. To do this, parents need to be proactive and not be offended by yesterday's children. You should not poke momentary “I want” teenagers, but it is also not recommended to constantly resist them. If a parent does not want or for objective reasons cannot satisfy the "want" of a teenager, then it is necessary to explain the reasons to him.

You need to try to interact more communicatively with children, talk about your own work, discuss pressing situations, life problems, be interested in their hobbies. At this stage of personality formation, it is very important for adolescents to feel parental love. They must understand that parents are their friends who will always support, and will not show neglect or ridicule.

The strategy of parents in the described period should be to form a position of confidence in adolescents. The child must learn that he is responsible for his own successes and failures.

It is impossible to build the educational process on confrontation, confrontation. We must build on cooperation, arm ourselves with patience and sympathy.

Parents need to comprehend the main thing that it is their life, habits, manner of communication, relationships in the family that have the greatest influence on the formation of a teenage personality. If quarrels prevail in the family, disrespect of the spouses for each other, reproaches, lies, then there will be zero benefit from moralizing how to live correctly.

You should try not to deceive a teenager, not to neglect his opinion, respect his position, not to impose your own worldview as the only true one. It is necessary to gain confidence from the child. When a child fully trusts his own parents, trusts them and knows that in any situation understanding and support await him at home, then this minimizes the negative impact of the environment and reduces the risk of falling into the so-called "bad" company.

Speaker of the Medical and Psychological Center "PsychoMed"

Features of the psychology of a teenager - 16 years old

A sixteen-year-old teenager is the most difficult test for parents.

It was this age that defined the term "difficult" as applied to adolescents in general.
All the antagonistic contradictions and complexities of adolescence pour out at this time as if from a cornucopia. Just have time to “lay straws” at the same time, so that those whom parents consider to be still children do not fill too many cones.
However, according to many professionals who experienced this difficult period of their lives in their time, the difficulty of this age is due, first of all, to the fact that it is difficult for a teenager himself to fit his new dimensions (and not only physical parameters) into the world.

It is incredibly difficult for sixteen-year-olds to come to terms with themselves in a new capacity: no longer a child, but also not quite an adult.

The following characteristic features of 16-year-olds are distinguished:

At the level of self-awareness, their worldview is actively being formed, while the stable “concept of the self” is already fully formed, as a result of which the assessments of the surrounding 16-year-olds are of little concern;

In terms of cognitive activity, professional interests begin to form at this age, skills for managing other people appear up to provocations;

There is a growing need for a close-knit team of people united by common interests, it is for this age that cases of mass protests and actions against anything are typical;

The formation of sexuality and one's own views on the problems associated with these, reaches its final stage;

The only positive for parents: teenagers at 16 become more balanced emotionally, their actions are more consistent and not as impulsive as before.

So, the main problems and difficulties are listed. It remains only to decide how to overcome these problems with the least losses for both sides.

The simplest and most effective tool that helps in this situation is keeping a diary.

In this cherished notebook, a teenager often writes down everything that happens to him, and in the future he has the opportunity to analyze all this information, moving it away from himself at some distance in time. Often this method helps to see your own mistakes and not repeat them in the future.

Most best gift For a 16-year-old teenager, this is a beautifully designed diary-diary, complemented by an elegant pen in the same style.

A teenager becomes an adult.
At this age, many already have their first love, and perhaps the first disappointments. For some adolescents, this age means the appearance sexual relations. But do not panic: not everyone at the age of sixteen is ready to take this step.

However, parents should start talking about sex so that the child is aware of all the consequences. If dad or mom can’t start a conversation, then you can buy the appropriate literature and give it to your child.
A teenager must understand that this is a period when he is responsible for all his actions. By the way, in Cuba this age is considered the age of majority.

At this age, the psychology of a teenager is more extensive and multifaceted.

In addition to physical, sexual, hormonal changes, there are other features - the child begins to pay attention to philosophy.
His outlook on life changes markedly. And those questions that did not bother him before, today come to the fore.
During this period, a person may exaggerate his abilities, as everything looks more simple, accessible and rosy. This is the psychology of a teenager.

16 years is a huge layer in which there is a lot of faith, desire, aspirations.

Man is at his peak emotional development.

Many parents find it very difficult to accept the need to "let go" of a teenager and they perceive such behavior of a teenager as rebellion and protest, although, in fact, their children are just growing up.

This is the age at which it is very important for a teenager to be accepted by you as parents. At this stage, it is important to be able to listen to a teenager and trust his Choice...

To be able to listen is not to lecture, not to criticize, not to threaten and not to say offensive phrases. Teenagers learn by their own choice. As long as the consequences of this choice do not threaten their health and life, do not interfere, but on the contrary, show a positive interest in the life of a teenager, be interested in her friends, but with POSITIVE side.

In order for a conversation with a teenager to be effective, it is important for you, as a parent, to be able to differentiate your feelings and speak openly about them to a teenager. What I mean? For example, if your daughter came in late, you could say, “I was very worried because I was afraid that something happened to you” or “I am worried and worried about you. Therefore, I was very worried when you came home later than that time.” that you told me about. I thought you might be having some problems and need help."

Such condemning expressions as: "Where have you been?", "Why so late?" will certainly cause anger and aggression in a teenager and are unlikely to lead to a constructive conversation.

A young man, and even more so a teenager, easily idealize the people around him and the relationship between them, but they are quickly disappointed in them as soon as they discover an incomplete correspondence to a preconceived and overestimated ideal.

Such maximalism is a consequence of the desire for self-affirmation, it gives rise to the so-called black-and-white logic. Black-and-white logic, maximalism and little life experience lead young people to exaggerate the originality of their own experience. It seems to them that no one loved, suffered, fought like they did.

However, their parents, being at the mercy of the tastes and habits of their own youth, absolutizing and considering only their habits and tastes to be the only correct ones, do not set an example of a reasonable attitude to reality, based on a sober assessment of the significance of events, raising questions about the width of trousers, the length of hair to the rank of a problem. , manner of dance, style of music and songs.
These problems are as old as the world. Even Aristophanes in the comedy "Clouds" described the conflict between a reasonable, well-meaning father and a frivolous long-haired son.
In response to his father's request to sing something from the ancient authors - Simonides or Aeschylus - the son calls these poets outdated and stilted. When the son turns to contemporary art and reads a monologue from Euripides, the old man loses his temper, seeing in him bad taste and immorality

Adults are sometimes outraged or, at best, surprised by the desire of young men to dress and behave “like everyone else”, even to the detriment of their own attractiveness and material opportunities.
In these actions, the increased significance for them of a sense of belonging to a certain group is manifested: educational, sports, etc. And in order to be completely “one’s own” in a group, one must look like everyone else and share common hobbies.
The inner world of another person can be understood only on condition of attention and respect for him, accepting him as an independent worthy person with his own views and his own life experience.
This is how the most common and absolutely fair complaint of boys and girls against their parents sounds: “They don’t listen to me!”

Haste, inability and unwillingness to listen own child, to understand what is happening in the complex youthful world, the inability to look at the problem from the position young man, self-satisfied confidence in the infallibility of one's life experience - all this can create a psychological barrier between parents and children.
This barrier can be strengthened by both parents and children. Parents may have the idea that for their child there is no value system, which, of course, does not bring them together.

Why is there such a frightening illusion?
When parents are unable to perceive their child, now a young man, as an independent person and there is no mutual understanding in the family, then the young man gives hypertrophied great importance their interactions with peers.
In the case when the family of a young man and the significant group of peers with whom he communicates are guided by different systems of values, the values ​​of the family are denied, which creates the impression that the young man does not have any values ​​at all.
This illusion is a consequence of the one-sidedness and narrow-mindedness of parents, who for too long perceive their children as dependent and in need of petty care.

Parents erect a barrier between themselves and the child even when they abuse ethical requirements, suggesting that all other people except him are virtuous.
Such teachings repel young people, who are especially sensitive to any discrepancy between word and deed.
The demand for the fulfillment of moral norms is perceived without internal protest, if it is said that not all people are moral yet, but it is necessary to make efforts to improve one's own morality.
Do not be afraid to seriously discuss the negative aspects of life with growing children.
Maturity in a person comes when he understands that life does not know drafts, that everything is done finally.

Note to parents
Don't be afraid transitional age. This is an inevitable stage in the life of every person. And if you want to soften this time, try to understand why the child does this and not otherwise.

The psychology of a teenager may seem strange and unpredictable to you, but it is absolutely not so. Only you are able, like no one else, to understand your child and help him overcome this period. It may be harder for him than it is for you. After all, a teenager is just beginning to understand himself and others, and all changes are difficult and incomprehensible for him.

But seriously, all of the above is necessary for parents precisely so that they, in turn, also begin to relate to the sometimes unpleasant moments in their relations with adolescents from the point of view of a pilot warned about all possible pitfalls and shoals, capable of leading a family relationship. a boat through all the storms and troubles to the cherished safe haven of established and friendly relations.

Source Medvesti.

His name was Arkady Neiland. He was born in 1949 in Leningrad, in a family of workers. His father was a mechanic, his mother was a nurse in a hospital. Apparently, he received a bad upbringing, suffered beatings from his mother and stepfather and was malnourished. He ran away from home, from the age of 7 (in his own words) was registered in the children's room of the police. At the age of 12, he was handed over by his mother to a boarding school, from where he soon fled due to conflicts with peers. He left for Moscow, where he was detained by the police and taken back to Leningrad.
Until the end of 1963, he worked at the Lenpishmash enterprise, where he made absenteeism and was seen stealing. He had several drives to the police on the facts of petty theft and hooliganism, but the cases did not reach the court. On January 24, 1964, he was once again arrested for theft, but escaped from custody. According to Neyland, then he decided to "revenge" by committing some kind of "terrible murder." At the same time, he wanted to get money to go to Sukhumi and "start there new life". He fulfilled his intention on January 27, having previously stolen an ax from his parents for this purpose.

double kill

The picture of the crime was recreated according to the testimony of A. Neiland, interviewed witnesses, forensic experts and firefighters. The crime was committed at the address: Sestroretskaya street, house 3, apartment 9. Neiland chose the victim by chance. He wanted to rob a rich apartment, and the criterion for "wealth" for him was the front door upholstered in leather. The apartment was 37-year-old housewife Larisa Mikhailovna Kupreeva and her three-year-old son. Neiland rang the doorbell and introduced himself as a postal worker, after which Kupreeva let him into the apartment.
After making sure that there was no one in the apartment except for the woman and the child, the criminal locked the front door and began to beat Kupreeva with an ax. To prevent the neighbors from hearing the screams, he turned on the tape recorder in the room at full volume. After Kupreeva stopped showing signs of life, Neiland killed her son with an ax. After the criminal searched the apartment, he ate the food found at the owners. Neiland stole money and a camera from the apartment, on which he had previously taken the murdered woman in obscene poses (he planned to sell these photographs later). In order to cover his tracks, Arkady Neiland, before leaving, turned on the gas on the stove and set fire to the wooden floor in the room.

The murder weapon - an ax - he left at the crime scene.
Neighbors, smelling the smell of burning, called firefighters. Due to the fact that firefighters arrived promptly, the crime scene remained practically unaffected by fire.
Based on the fingerprints left at the crime scene and thanks to the testimony of witnesses who saw Neiland that evening, he was detained in Sukhumi on 30 January.

"The Neiland Case"

Arkady Neiland already at the first interrogations fully confessed to his deed and actively helped the investigation. According to the investigators, he behaved confidently, he was flattered by the attention to his person. He spoke about the murder calmly, without remorse. He only felt sorry for the child, but justified his murder by the fact that there was no other way out after the murder of a woman. He was not afraid of punishment, he said that he, as a minor, "everything will be forgiven."

The court decision in the Neiland case, taken on March 23, 1964, was unexpected for everyone: a 15-year-old teenager was sentenced to death, which was contrary to the legislation of the RSFSR, according to which persons from 18 to 60 years old could be sentenced to capital punishment (moreover, this norm was adopted just under Khrushchev in 1960: in the 1930s-1950s, the death penalty for minors was allowed according to the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated April 7, 1935 No. from the age of 12, convicted of committing theft, causing violence, bodily injury, mutilation, murder or attempted murder, to bring to criminal court with the application of all criminal penalties")
The verdict caused a mixed reaction in society. On the one hand, the inhabitants, amazed by the cruelty of the crime, were waiting for the most severe sentence for Neiland. On the other hand, the verdict caused an extremely negative reaction from the intelligentsia and professional lawyers, who pointed to the discrepancy between the verdict and the current legislation and international agreements.
There is a legend according to which L. I. Brezhnev petitioned N. S. Khrushchev to replace Arkady Neiland's death sentence with imprisonment, but received a harsh refusal. According to another legend, in Leningrad for a long time they could not find the executioner - no one undertook to shoot a teenager.
August 11, 1964 Arkady Neiland was shot in Leningrad.

During the last detention, the thought came to Neiland's head that next time it was necessary to rob and kill so that there were no witnesses to the crime. Returning to the same apartment on Sestroretskaya Street on January 27, 1964, Arkady armed himself with a tourist hatchet. He knew that a woman with a child lives in the apartment, which means that it will not be difficult to deal with them. The main calculation of the criminal was that even if he was detained, the death penalty is not applied to minors, which means that the maximum that shines for him is a prison.

In order to be allowed into the apartment, he decided to introduce himself as a postman. When the hostess, Larisa Kupreeva, opened the door, he immediately attacked her. The woman began a desperate struggle not only for her life, but also for the life of her child, but the criminal with the ax was stronger. After the murder of a woman, he calmly dealt with the child, after which, without a twinge of conscience, he ate in the kitchen. To hide the trace of the crime, he set fire to the apartment, but thanks to the prompt work of firefighters and the vigilance of neighbors, the fire was extinguished in time. At the crime scene, operatives managed to find fingerprints, which became the main argument in court.

On January 27, 1964, Leningraders were in a festive mood - the twentieth anniversary of the lifting of the blockade was celebrated. However, many firefighters who were on duty that day were not up to the holiday ...

On January 27, 1964, Leningraders were in a festive mood - the twentieth anniversary of the lifting of the blockade was celebrated. However, many firefighters who were on duty that day were not up to the holiday - as on weekdays, fires broke out here and there, and they had to be extinguished. Climb through the windows, break, if necessary, doors, take people blind from the smoke, call an ambulance for someone.

But these were difficulties from the usual category. But to what the combat crew had to face, which left at 12.45 to extinguish the 9th apartment of house No. 3 on Sestroretskaya Street, normal person I'll probably never get used to it...

The doors were locked, and the firefighters had to climb onto the balcony, and from there up the sliding stairs to the apartment. By that time, the fire had already managed to engulf the room, but they managed to knock it down pretty quickly. And then the crew commander ordered to inspect other premises - suddenly there were people left. Leaning lower to the floor - there the smoke is thinner and better visible - two firefighters moved into another room, but a minute later they jumped out like scalded:

There are two dead: a woman and a child.
- Suffocated?
No, there are pools of blood...

On this day, the head of the criminal investigation department, Nikolai Smirnov, was on duty in the city from the leadership of the UOOP (GUVD). On an alarm call, almost the entire staff of the "killer" department, headed by its head Vyacheslav Zimin, left for the scene. The case was immediately brought under special control. Operational groups of all services of the UOP of the Lenoblgorispolkoms were created.

Firefighters were still watering the smoldering floors and hauling burnt furniture out onto the balcony. The firefighter who met the operatives, instead of greeting, immediately said:
- We, as expected, tried not to touch anything with our hands. But the gas was turned on in the kitchen, and I turned it off - it could explode ...

The second room was untouched by fire. But the mess was terrible: the drawers were pulled out, things were scattered, the furniture was overturned. And everywhere there was blood, blood, blood... On the floor, on the bed, on the armchair, on the front door... There was blood and on the face of the woman lying by the piano, next to it was a small child's shoe, and a little further on, the corpse of a little boy with a deep wound on his forehead.

Alas, no matter how hard the firefighters tried not to touch anything, the fire and the process of extinguishing it are not the best help in the work of forensic specialists. And the first trace that could lead to the killers of the housewife Larisa Kupreeva and her 2.5-year-old son Georgy - and this was a palm print on the side surface of the piano, which does not belong to either the killed, or Larisa's husband, or their friends and acquaintances, or firefighters , - was discovered only on January 29.

The next day, under a pile of burnt belongings on the balcony, they also found the first material evidence: a hatchet blackened from soot with a completely burnt ax handle.

The experts conducted 200 experimental cuts at various positions of the blade at possible angles of impact - on soap, wax, plasticine, various types of wood - and finally found what they needed: the marks on the skull bones and on one of the samples coincided.

Larisa's husband said that they lived modestly, his wife, a housewife, was at home with a child. There were no valuables in the apartment. Who needed to kill a woman and a small child? Among his acquaintances, he could not name suspicious faces.

The examination also established that the woman herself let the killer in (the door was not broken).
The operatives blocked distribution channels, brothels, began working with professional burglars previously convicted of murder and robbery, who could act on a tip from acquaintances, with the first husband of the murdered woman and his acquaintances. However, the killer himself was among the suspects by the evening of January 27. As the operatives say, the total "working out of the housing estate" helped to reach him.

Several neighbors testified that in the period from 10.00 to 11.00 they heard heart-rending female screams and hysterical children's crying from the 9th apartment. And the janitor Orlova told about an unfamiliar tall, large-mouthed, angular guy of about fifteen or sixteen years old, whom she had seen on the landing at about the same time. (Earlier, janitors were attentive and conscientious about their work.)

Having broken through the reported signs on the files of those previously convicted and registered with the police, the operatives found a certain Arkady Neiland, who by his fifteen years already had a fairly rich track record.

The following was known about him.
Arkady is the youngest in a large family: parents, sister, brothers and the wife of one of them. Lived in the Zhdanovsky district.
A yard similar to all the yards of our Soviet childhood. June rain smells like wet leaves. The boys, smoking on a bench, see off the late girls with a cheeky whistle. As if 40 years had not passed...

It was here that Arkashka Neiland, nicknamed Pyshka, lived. He was nicknamed so for his loose, "women's" figure and weak-willed character. In the yard company, Arkashka was for the “six”, he was often beaten, and he accumulated anger in himself. He absolutely hated his own mother. “She is a witch,” he snapped during interrogation. “She doesn’t love me, she passed me to a boarding school so that she doesn’t get in the way under her feet.”

In fact, Anna Neiland could only be pitied. Twice widow. The first husband, beloved, desired, died in the Finnish campaign. I left my son in my arms. Anna remarried and had a second child. But the Great Patriotic War began, and the second husband died a heroic death.

With the St. Petersburg hard worker Vladimir Vladimirovich Neiland, she agreed rather out of desperation. Also, out of hopelessness, she gave birth to the weather: a daughter, Lyubasha, and a son, Arkady. My husband worked at a brewery and rarely came home sober in the evening. He hung locks on cabinets with food so that the children would not eat too much. He drove his wife in such a way that the neighbors in the communal apartment knocked on their wall. However, the neighbors did not take out someone else's rubbish from the hut - there was enough of their own. They didn't care about Anya's hungry and ill-mannered children.

From pain and resentment, Anna fell down with her heart, while Arkashka completely got out of hand. He was perhaps her most difficult child. He disappeared for days on end for books, signed up, probably, in all the surrounding libraries, but did not do well at school, although he was considered not without abilities. “When I was little, I was often left at home alone. Once I wanted to eat and lit the gas without matches. The father came back and beat him badly. I firmly remembered that the apartment could blaze from this and someday it would come in handy for me, ”Arkady told about his childhood during interrogations.

Father Vladimir Neiland spoke differently about the same case: “I beat him, and Arkashka left home. When he returned, he did not look in my direction for several weeks. Since then, I vowed to tear my son. I just don’t understand, in whom is he so evil and secretive? There were no murderers in our family.”

Thousands of boys, whose fathers drink, and mothers who are tormented, do not cope with their duties, nevertheless grow up to be decent people. But, apparently, a genetic failure occurred in the Neiland family - Arkady was rapidly turning into an uncontrollable wolf cub.

There were still 10 years left before the murder on Sestroretskaya. It was still possible to stop the guy, take him away in the other direction, straighten him out like a sprout of a crooked tree ... But no one cared about the boy.

“I started stealing at four, smoking at six, at seven I was registered in the children's room of the police,” said Arkady. - I dreamed of growing up and going to work at the post office to steal money orders. With that money, I would travel…”

At night, the nervous Arkashka peed in bed. At the age of 12, his exhausted mother handed him over to a boarding school. They found out about enuresis there, and Arkady immediately became an outcast among his peers. But they expelled him not for this, but for theft.

Here is the description he was given at boarding school No. 67 in the city of Pushkin: “... he showed himself to be a poorly trained student, although he was not a stupid and capable child ... he often skipped. The students did not like him and beat him. He was convicted more than once of stealing money and things from the students of the boarding school.

At the age of 13, he fled to Moscow for the first time. I wanted to find my own aunt and meet her New Year, and then rush to the Far East as a researcher. He was caught and brought back home.
A year later, he made another escape. He was already 14.

“When Arkashka was caught again in Moscow, I didn’t want to take him back,” said Vladimir Neiland. - And the policemen answer me: “Where are we going to put him? He hasn't done anything yet."

At this time, behind the soul of Arkady Neiland there were already two robberies in the workshop of the Lenpishmash plant, several cases of hooliganism - he molested girls, beat passers-by on the street with brass knuckles, burglaries ...

All these "feats" forced the prosecutor's office of the Zhdanovsky district to initiate a criminal case against Arkady Neiland. However, he cried, “repented,” and, given his age, the case was dismissed ...

On January 24, 1964, Neiland and his friend Kubarev, under the pretext of collecting waste paper, called apartments in one of the entrances of house No. 3 on Sestroretskaya Street. After making sure that none of the tenants was in one of them, they picked up the keys, and hastily tied the things that seemed to them the most valuable into knots. However, when they went outside, the janitor, at the sight of unfamiliar teenagers with bundles, raised the alarm. Novice burglars were detained by passers-by.

They were interrogated at the prosecutor's office of the Zhdanovsky district. Due to an obvious oversight of the assistant prosecutor, who sent Neiman to the corridor for the time of Kubarev's interrogation, the latter managed to leave the prosecutor's office without hindrance.
Three days remained before the commission of the bloody atrocity that shook the city.

As soon as information about Neiland appeared, the group immediately stepped up their work, as the signs of the young man who was identified by the janitor coincided.

However, there were always enough such "difficult teenagers" in Leningrad. But along with the testimony of the janitor Orlova, there were also circumstances that contributed to the assignment of the status of the main suspect to Arkady Neiland.

Firstly, on January 27, a tourist hatchet with a nine-centimeter blade disappeared from the Neilands' apartment. Secondly, three days before the murder, Arkady Neiland, together with his friend Kubarev, was already detained near the same house number 3 on Sestroretskaya Street for stealing from apartment 7. They entered there by picking keys, grabbed the first thing that came to hand, stuffed it into a shopping bag hanging in the corridor and ... ran into the owner of the apartment near the entrance, who recognized her bag in the hands of teenagers and raised a cry about it.

Both were then taken to the Zhdanovskaya Paradise by the prosecutor's office, a criminal case was opened ... But Neiland, through an oversight of the investigator, miraculously managed to escape from there. And before escaping, he told Kubarev about his cherished dream: to "take" one of the rich apartments, which are enough in Leningrad, set it on fire to destroy all traces, and wave to the Caucasus - the sea, mountains, sun, various fruits ...

It remains unclear why Neyland decided that the apartment he chose belonged to the wealthy. But, nevertheless, they began to "graze" it a long time ago. Three days before the murder, he and Arkady collected waste paper from apartments. But in fact, they kept an eye on where they could later turn up. The door of one of the apartments was opened for them beautiful woman. Neiland was attracted to her gold tooth and the color TV in the room.

Yes, this, perhaps, is all of the valuables that were in the apartment. But Neiland, who had become adept at criminal matters, managed to notice the absence of the owner in work time- only a woman Small child riding out into the hallway on a tricycle. The woman, to her misfortune, then said: "Go to the room, Grisha - you always disobey while your father is at work."

... From Moscow they put a lot of pressure on the criminal investigation. And then the leadership of the Leningrad police, whose entire personnel had already been completely raised to their feet, took an unprecedented act at that time - they made sure that the photograph of Neiland with the corresponding accompanying text was shown on all-Union television. A detailed description of his signs was sent all over the country, St. Petersburg operational groups urgently flew to Moscow and Tbilisi.