Sand therapy. Kinetic sand as a means of developing fine motor skills of hands. "kinetic sand as a means of developing fine motor skills of hands and cognitive sphere in preschool children consultation How sand therapy works

The Importance of Sand in Development fine motor skills for preschool students

Sand for children remains the most attractive material. Sand painting - a new and at the same time simple look visual activity preschoolers, accessible to almost everyone and does not require special training. And for the teacher, this is another way to understand the feelings of the child.

Preschool childhood is the period of introducing the child to the knowledge of the world around him, his initial socialization, when cognitive interest and curiosity develop. It has been scientifically proven that a child very early acquires the ability to perceive not only the shape and size, structure of objects, but also the beauty of the surrounding reality. In this regard, the upbringing of artistic taste in preschoolers, the formation of their creative skills, and a sense of beauty are of particular relevance.

Visual activity - one of the few types of artistic creativity that provides the child with the opportunity to create on his own, and not just learn and perform poems, songs or dances created by someone. There are many different non-traditional drawing techniques - blotography, monotype, drawing cotton swabs, wrinkled paper, screen printing, etc. Of particular interest to children and adults is such a technique as sand painting. And this is no coincidence. The malleability of the sand and its natural magic are mesmerizing. From early childhood, playing in the sandbox or on the river bank, children involuntarily try to draw with their hands or palms.

This type of drawing is one of the most unusual ways creative activity, because children create unique masterpieces on the sand with their own hands. Surprisingly, a handful of sand turns into a landscape, starry sky, forest or sea. This unusual form of art is called Sand art, i.e. "sand art". Sand - the same paint, only works on the principle of "light and shadow", perfectly conveys human feelings, thoughts and aspirations. Sand painting is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, since it is closely related to independent and creative activity. This is one of the ways to depict the surrounding world.

Who said that you need to draw only with a brush, pencil or felt-tip pen? After all, the hand and fingers are such a help. Moreover, the index finger of the right hand obeys the child even better than a pencil. It is good to learn how to use not only the index finger, but also the rest in order to show creative imagination.

As the technique of drawing with sand is mastered, the inner world of the child is enriched and developed. This type of creativity, as a means of correcting the psyche, allows the little artist to overcome the feeling of fear, moving away from the subject representation and depiction with traditional materials, to express feelings and emotions in the drawing, gives freedom, instills self-confidence. Having mastered the technique of sand painting, the child gets the opportunity to choose, which, in turn, ensures the creative nature of children's productive activities.

Exercises for the development of fine motor skills

"Thunderstorm"
The first drops fell (lightly tap two fingers of each hand on the table)
The spiders were scared. (the inside of the palm is lowered down; the fingers are slightly bent and, turning over them, one should show how the spiders scatter)
The rain pounded harder. (knock on the table with all fingers of both hands)
The birds disappeared among the branches. (arms crossed, palms together with the back side; wave fingers clenched together)
The rain poured like a bucket, (knock harder on the table with all fingers of both hands)
The kid ran away. (the index and middle fingers of both hands run around the table, depicting little men; the remaining fingers are pressed to the palm)
Lightning flashes in the sky
Thunder breaks the sky. (draw lightning in the air with your finger) (drum fists and then clap your hands)
And then from the clouds the sun (raise both hands up with open fingers)
Look out the window for us again!

"Flowers"
Children perform finger movements in accordance with the text:
In our group on the window, ( clench and unclench fists)
In the green in the country (show pots with palms)
In painted pots (raise palms up vertically)
The flowers have grown.
Here is a rose, geranium, fat woman,
Spiny cactus family. (bend fingers on both hands, starting with the big one)
We will water them early in the morning, (watered from an imaginary watering can) (fold the palms of both hands)
Me and all my friends!

"Bell"
Children perform finger movements in accordance with the text:
- Don-don-don, -
The bell is ringing. (wiggle fingers of both hands)
- La-la-la, -
He says something. (bring the index fingers of both hands to your mouth)
Ding-ding-ding, -
Tilts his head. (put palms down)
Bom-bom-bom, -
Tousled all my hair. (run hands through hair)
Ring-ring-ring, -
He smiled at the sun. (smile and clap your hands)
Finally woke up. (tap the fingers of one hand on the fingers of the other)

Developing kinesiology exercises

"Ring"
The child alternately and as quickly as possible goes through the fingers, connecting them into a ring with thumb sequentially index, middle, etc. The test is performed in the forward (from the index finger to the little finger) and in the reverse (from the little finger to the index finger) order. At first, the exercise is performed with each hand separately, then together.

"Fist - rib - palm"
The child is shown three positions of the hand on the plane of the table, successively replacing each other. The palm is on the plane, the palm is clenched into a fist, the palm is on the edge of the table, the palm is straightened on the plane of the table. The child performs the test together with the teacher, then from memory for 8-10 repetitions of the motor program. The test is performed first with the right hand, then with the left, then with both hands together. When mastering the program or if there are difficulties in performing the exercise, the teacher invites the child to help himself with commands ("fist - rib - palm"), pronounced aloud or to himself.

"Mirror Drawing"
The child is invited to take pencils or felt-tip pens in both hands and draw with both hands mirror-symmetrical drawings, letters on a blank sheet at the same time. This exercise relaxes the eyes and hands. When the activity of both hemispheres is synchronized, the efficiency of the brain is noticeably increased.

"Ear - nose"
The child, as shown by an adult, and then independently takes the tip of the nose with his left hand, and the opposite ear with his right hand. Simultaneously releasing his ear and nose, he claps his hands, changes the position of his hands "exactly the opposite." The exercise is repeated several times.

"Horizontal Eight"
The teacher invites the child to draw the number eight in the air in a horizontal plane three times: first with one hand, then with the other, then with both hands at the same time.

"Symmetrical Drawings"
The teacher invites the child to draw in the air with both hands at the same time mirror-symmetrical drawings: a flower, a spruce, etc.

"Bear Wiggles"
The teacher invites the child to sway from side to side, imitating a bear. Then connect your hands and come up with a plot.

"Snowman"
The exercise is performed while standing. The teacher invites the children to imagine that each of them is a newly made snowman. His body should be tense, like frozen snow. But then spring came, the sun warmed up, and the snowman began to melt. First, the head “melts” and hangs, then the shoulders drop, the arms relax, etc. At the end of the exercise, the children gently fall to the floor and lie down.

"Get Muscles Up"
Sitting, the children bend their arms at the elbows, squeeze and unclench their hands, gradually speeding up the pace. The exercise is performed until the maximum fatigue of the hands. Then you need to relax your hands and shake them.

"Watch"
Children perform free eye movements from side to side, rotation.

"Mugs"
The teacher invites the children to show various faces, performing facial movements: puffing out the cheeks, showing the tongue, stretching the lips with a tube, opening the mouth.

"Juggler"
Children try to roll nuts or balls, first in each palm, and then between the fingers.

"Water bicycle"
The exercise is performed in pairs: the children stand opposite each other, touch the partner's palms with their palms and make movements similar to riding a bicycle.

"Pianist"
The teacher invites the child to play the piano. To do this, he asks him to press his palm to the surface of the table and first in order, and then randomly raise his fingers one at a time and name them.

Psychogymnastics for the development of the emotional sphere

Game "Shadow"
The game is aimed at developing attention, memory and observation. Two children are walking along the road: one in front, the other two or three steps behind. The second child is a "shadow" of the first. The “shadow” must exactly repeat all the actions of the first child, who either picks a flower on the side of the road, or bends over a beautiful pebble, or jumps on one leg, etc.

Game "Forbidden number"
The game is aimed at developing attention, memory and observation. Children stand in a circle. A number is chosen that cannot be spoken. Preschoolers count in turn, instead of the forbidden number, they clap their hands.

Game "Here he is"
The game is aimed at developing attention, memory and observation. The child, without words, with the help of expressive gestures, "tells" about the sizes and shapes of objects well known to him: small, large, pointed, round, quadrangular, small, long, short.

Exercise "How do you feel?"
The exercise is aimed at developing mindfulness, empathy and the ability to feel the mood of another. Runs in a circle. Each child carefully looks at his neighbor on the left, tries to guess how he feels, and talks about it. The preschooler, whose condition is described, listens and then agrees or disagrees with what was said, completes.

Exercise "My mood"
The exercise is aimed at developing empathy, the ability to describe your mood and recognize the mood of others. The child is offered to tell the others about his mood: he can be drawn, compared with any color or shown in motion - it all depends on the imagination and desire of the preschooler.

Exercise "Communication in pairs"
The exercise is aimed at developing attention and memory. Children are divided into pairs, sit back to back. One whispers about something, then asks the other what and what he was talking about. When telling, the child should try to describe his feelings.

Exercise "Sitting - standing"
The exercise is aimed at developing the emotional sphere. The child, standing and looking at the person sitting, says a phrase proposed by the teacher or composed independently with a different feeling: cheerfully, with fear, angrily, calmly.

Exercise "Face Study"
The exercise is aimed at developing tactile memory. Children stand in two lines, facing each other. Preschoolers of one line close their eyes, in the other they change places (arbitrarily) and come closer to the first line. With closed eyes, children feel the face and hair of the person who has approached and call their names. Condition: Do not touch clothing.

Exercise "Mirror"
The exercise is aimed at developing the ability to understand and convey other people's emotions. Children are divided into pairs, stand facing each other and look into each other's eyes. One begins to perform some movement, the other repeats it in a mirror image. Then the teacher invites the children to convey different emotional states in gestures and facial expressions: sadness, joy, fear, pain, disgust, etc.

Exercises "Animals"
The exercise is aimed at developing the imagination. The teacher invites the children to portray some kind of animal: a nimble child - a bear, a slow one - a hare, a squirrel, a cowardly one - a tiger, a lion, etc.

Exercise "Dance to the music"
The exercise is aimed at overcoming shyness, strengthening self-confidence. Children sit in a circle, the most closed is put in the center. The music turns on - the children get up, the child dances in a circle. Preschoolers can also dance while standing still.

Exercise "Drawing on the back"
Exercise develops sensitivity and imagination. Children are divided into pairs: a child draws geometric shapes with a finger on the back of another, simple images: a house, a Christmas tree, the sun, a ladder, etc., printed letters; the other child has to guess what it is.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Ministry of Education and Science of the Krasnoyarsk Territory

KGBOU SPO "Achinsk Pedagogical College"

Course work

TOPIC: "The development of fine motor skills in young children preschool age by means of a tablet-tablet for drawing with sand"

Completed by: student (ka) gr. 4D2

Specialty

Preschool education

Fedortsova Anastasia Ivanovna

Head: Pankova O.A.

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 1

1. Physiological features of the development of motor skills in children of primary preschool age

Opportunities and significance of the development of fine motor skills in children of primary school age

CHAPTER 2

Diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age

CONCLUSION

LITERATURE

APPS

INTRODUCTION

At all stages of a child's life, hand movements play a crucial role. The most favorable period for the development of the intellectual and creative abilities of a person is from 3 to 9 years, when the cerebral cortex has not yet been fully formed. It is at this age that it is necessary to develop memory, perception, thinking, attention. All confirm the fact that the training of fine finger movements is stimulating for the overall development of the child and for the development of speech.

Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he has sufficiently developed memory, attention, coherent speech.

Understanding by teachers and parents of the significance and essence of modern diagnostics of hand motor skills and pedagogical correction will not only preserve the physical and mental health of the child, but also protect him from additional learning difficulties, help formulate writing skills.

The level of development of fine motor skills is one of the indicators of intellectual readiness for school, and it is in this area that preschoolers experience serious difficulties. Therefore, work on the development of fine motor skills must begin long before entering school, namely from a very early age.

Sand for children remains the most attractive material. Sand drawing is a new and at the same time simple type of visual activity for preschoolers, accessible to almost everyone and does not require special training. And for the teacher, this is another way to understand the feelings of the child.

Relevance - the development of children from preschool age becomes a full-fledged problem. An important role in the success of the intellectual and psychophysical development of the child is played by the formed fine motor skills. It is with the help of tactile-motor perception that the first impressions about the shape, size of objects, their location in space are formed. To teach a baby to speak, it is necessary not only to train his articulation apparatus, but also to develop fine motor skills of the hands.

The object of the study is the process of development of fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age.

The subject of the study is a table - a tablet for drawing with sand as a means of developing fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age.

In accordance with the goal, the following tasks were set:

analyze theoretical basis development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age;

select a diagnosis to detect the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age;

Hypothesis: we assume that the use of a table - a tablet for drawing with sand will contribute to a more effective development of fine motor skills of the hands.

Structure term paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendices.

CHAPTER 1

Physiological features of the development of motor skills in children of primary preschool age

Fine motor skills are the ability of a child to perform a sequence of small and precise movements with the hands, as well as fingers and toes, using the coordinated actions of the muscular, skeletal and nervous systems of the body.

The area of fine motor skills includes a wide variety of movements: from primitive gestures, such as grasping objects, to very small movements, on which, for example, human handwriting depends.

The movements of the human hand, as I. N. Sechenov wrote, are not hereditarily predetermined and are formed in the process of education and training, as a result of associative connections that arise during the work of the visual, auditory and motor speech analyzers.

The great Soviet innovator teacher V. A. Sukhomlinsky wrote that “the origins of the abilities and talents of children are at their fingertips. The more confidence in the movements of a child's hand, the more subtle the interaction of the hand with the tool, the more complex the movements, the brighter the creative element of the child's mind. And the more skill in the child's hand, the smarter the child ... "

According to studies conducted by L. V. Antakova-Fomina, M. M. Koltsova, B. I. Pinsky, the connection between intellectual development and motor skills of the fingers was confirmed. The level of development of children's speech is also directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine hand movements.

In the human brain, the centers responsible for speech and finger movements are located nearby. And the magnitude of the projection of the hand, located in the cerebral cortex, occupies about a third of the entire motor projection. It is these two scientifically confirmed facts that allow us to consider the hand as a “speech organ” along with the articulatory apparatus. In this regard, it is believed that subtle finger movements significantly affect the formation and development of the child's speech function. Therefore, in order to teach a child to speak, it is necessary not only to train his articulation apparatus, but also to develop fine motor skills.

Fine motor skills of the hands interact and influence the development of attention, thinking, optical-spatial perception (coordination), imagination, observation, visual and motor memory.

The development of fine motor skills is also important because the entire future life of the child will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers, which are necessary to dress, draw, write, and also perform a variety of household, educational and labor activities.

In the process of activity, the muscles of the hands perform three main functions:

Organs of movement

organs of knowledge;

Energy accumulators (both for the muscles themselves and for other organs).

If a child touches an object, then the muscles and skin of the hands at that time “teach” the eyes and brain to see, touch, distinguish, remember.

How does the hand study objects?

Touch allows you to verify the presence of an object, its temperature. humidity, etc.

Tapping provides information about the properties of materials.

Picking up helps to discover many properties of objects: weight, surface features, shapes, etc.

Pressing makes it possible to determine the softness or hardness, elasticity, what material it is made of.

Feeling (grasping, rubbing, stroking, circular and crumpling movements) of small and loose objects teaches the child to feel the touch of a palm or fingers. With thumb, forefinger, middle fingers, children feel the details of the mosaic, buttons, nuts, coins; large objects are grasped with all five fingers.

In general, different fingers perform different functions. The thumb performs the function of a support and a moving reference point. The main share of groping movements falls on the index and middle fingers. Thanks to their movements, a consistent development of the contour of the object and its elements is carried out.

The ring finger and the little finger are involved in the process of feeling episodically, only from time to time touching the object. Their main function is to balance the entire moving system.

The palm in the process of feeling flat objects, as a rule, does not participate. But when feeling voluminous objects, it plays a rather active role in reflecting the curvature of their surface and volume.

Thus, the hand cognizes, and the brain captures sensation and perception, combining them with visual, auditory and olfactory into complex integrated images and representations.

Opportunities and significance of the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age

The function of the human hand is unique and universal. The more skill in the child's hand, the smarter the child. It is the hands that teach the child accuracy, accuracy, clarity of thinking. Hand movements excite the brain, causing it to develop.

According to M.M. Koltsov, the level of speech development is directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine finger movements: if the development of finger movements corresponds to the age of the child, then speech development it will be within the normal range; if the development of finger movements lags behind, the development of speech is also delayed. MM. Koltsova notes that there is every reason to consider the hand as a "speech organ" - the same as the articulatory apparatus. From this point of view, the motor projection area of the hand can be considered another speech zone brain.

According to the observations of researchers, the development of a child's verbal speech begins when the movements of the fingers reach sufficient subtlety. The development of finger motor skills, as it were, prepares the ground for the subsequent formation of speech.

It turns out that the majority of modern children have a general motor lag, especially in urban children. Remember, now even kindergartens are asked to bring Velcro shoes so that educators do not take the trouble to teach a child to tie shoelaces. Even 20 years ago, parents, and with them children, had to do more with their hands: sort out cereals, wash clothes, knit, embroider. Now there is a car for every lesson.

The consequence of poor development of general motor skills, and in particular - hands, the general unpreparedness of most modern children for writing or problems with speech development. With a high degree of probability, we can conclude that if everything is not all right with speech, these are probably problems with motor skills.

Work on the development of fine motor skills of the hands and fingers has a beneficial effect not only on the formation of speech and its functions, but also on the mental development of the child. In Japan, for example, targeted training of hands in children is carried out in kindergartens from the age of two (according to experts, this stimulates the mental development of the child), and in Japanese families, children develop fingers from the age of one.

In the process of games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills, children develop memory, attention, auditory and visual perception, perseverance is brought up, playing and educational and practical activities are formed. Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills have a stimulating effect on the development of speech. They are a powerful means of maintaining the tone and performance of the cerebral cortex, a means of its interaction with the underlying structures.

You need to start working on the development of fine motor skills from an early age. Already an infant, you can massage your fingers (finger gymnastics), thereby affecting the active points associated with the cerebral cortex. At early and younger preschool age, you need to perform simple exercises accompanied by a poetic text, do not forget about the development of elementary self-service skills: fasten and unfasten buttons, tie shoelaces, etc.

Children love to wave their hands, clap their hands, play "Magpie-white-sided", show "horned goat". All these games are very useful as they train the hand. Also in early childhood, games with cubes, pyramids, nesting dolls are useful. Later - from different kind designers, for example, Lego, when a child has to assemble and disassemble small parts, put together a whole from separate parts, and for this it is very important that the fingers obey and work well, thereby stimulating the baby’s speech development.

Fine motor skills are developed by:

various games with fingers, where it is necessary to perform certain movements in a certain sequence;

games with small objects that are inconvenient to take in a pen (only under the supervision of adults);

games where you need to take something or pull it out, squeeze - unclench, pour - pour,

pour - pour, push through holes, etc .;

Drawing with a pencil (felt-tip pen, brush, etc.);

fastening and unfastening zippers, buttons, dressing and undressing, etc.

Fine motor skills of the hands are also developed by physical exercises. These are various hangings and climbing (on a sports complex, along a ladder, etc.). Such exercises strengthen the palms and fingers of the baby, develop muscles. A kid who is allowed to climb and hang better masters exercises aimed directly at fine motor skills.

Visual activity is one of the few types of artistic creativity that provides the child with the opportunity to create on his own, and not just learn and perform poems, songs or dances created by someone. There are many different non-traditional drawing techniques - blotography, monotype, drawing with cotton buds, crumpled paper, stencil printing, etc. Of particular interest to children and adults is such a technique as sand drawing. And this is no coincidence. The malleability of the sand and its natural magic are mesmerizing. From early childhood, playing in the sandbox or on the river bank, children involuntarily try to draw with their hands or palms.

This type of drawing is one of the most unusual ways of creative activity, because children create unique masterpieces on the sand with their own hands. Surprisingly, a handful of sand turns into a landscape, starry sky, forest or sea. This unusual form of art is called Sand art, i.e. "the art of sand." Sand - the same paint, only works on the principle of "light and shadow", perfectly conveys human feelings, thoughts and aspirations. Sand painting is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, since it is closely related to independent and creative activity. This is one of the ways to depict the surrounding world.

Few people know about the benefits of drawing in the sand. Sand Art originated in ancient times. As a medical program, sand painting began to be used only in the 20th century. Scientists have proven that it is sand that has the most beneficial effect on nerve endings, and the art of drawing on sand develops human motor skills. Sand painting like nothing else helps to develop imagination and talent, and in general sand painting is the best way to relieve stress, fatigue, relax the brain, eyes and body. Drawing in the sand is of great importance for the development of children.

CHAPTER 2

Diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age

To identify the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age, we analyzed various methods and settled on the methods of N.O. Ozeretsky, N.I. Gurevich, L.A. Wenger.

Purpose: to identify the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age.

We carried out diagnostics in the village of Krasnaya Sopka, on the basis of the pre-school educational institution "Alenka" in the afternoon. Diagnostics is an individual task (Appendix 1).

Diagnostics consisted of the following tasks:

. "Put the coins in the box"

. "Draw circles with your fingers"

. "Let's say hello"

An adult invites the child to stretch out: a) the left hand for greeting - “let's say hello” 6) first the right hand, then the left; c) both hands. Evaluation-conclusion. High level - the child coped with the task. Medium level - weakness of the handshake is noted. Extra movements indicate a low level of correction of voluntary actions: the child squeezes the wrist of the opposite hand; raises the shoulders; opens his mouth, etc.

. "Ring"

. "Our Fingers"

The study involved children of primary preschool age, consisting of 15 people (Appendix 2).

Criteria are divided into three levels: high, medium, low

medium: the child completes the task with little difficulty;

High: Accurate performance of the task.

Thus, analyzing the results obtained, we came to the conclusion (Appendix 3) that:

at a low level in the group there are 6 children, which amounted to 40%. Children experienced significant difficulties in completing the task.

the average level of development of fine motor skills was detected in 5 children, which amounted to 33.3%. The children coped with the task with little difficulty.

A high level was detected in 4 children, which amounted to 26.7%. The children completed the assignments accurately.

So, the analysis of tabular and graphical data showed that the level of development of fine motor skills of children of primary preschool age is at a low level (6 children - 40%) and we recommend that children carry out in-depth work on the development of fine motor skills with a table - a tablet for drawing with sand.

The hand of a child at a younger preschool age is physiologically imperfect. Like the rest of the body, it is in a stage of intensive development. Fine motor skills are poorly developed. The fingers bend and unbend synchronously, i.e. all work together. The movements of the fingers are poorly differentiated, therefore, when one finger is bent, the rest perform a similar action. There is an incomplete range of motion and fatigue. The literature of recent years describes the methods of work on the development of fine motor skills, and all authors confirm the fact that the training of fine movements of the fingers is stimulating for the overall development of the child and for the development of speech.

But where can a child find the space to express all those impulses and experiences that are born inside, but have no way out? And here we recommend resorting to sand.

The purpose of sand painting is to develop fine motor skills of the hands, the ability to concentrate, emotional harmonization, and the development of creative imagination.

Some exercises aimed at the general activation and development of the sensory-motor sphere are useful: for example, for the ability to freely hold the brush, make free hand movements from top to bottom, from left to right, without squeezing fingers, take sand correctly, open and close the palm, just pour sand through cam.

Before starting classes on the table-tablet, it is necessary to accustom the child to work with sand. For this, several gaming activities(Appendix 4).

It is important to arouse in the child activity and a desire to master the action. It is known that skills are acquired by repeating actions repeatedly, sometimes for quite a long time, so vary them. Thinking through the exercises, it should be remembered that the repetition of the same tasks is boring for children. Every time the task needs to be complicated by presenting it in a different variant.

For the best mastering of the sand painting technique, we have developed recommendations that will accompany this type of creativity as a means of developing fine motor skills, the creative nature of children's productive activities.

The goals of this development are:

stimulating the independence and creativity of children in visual activity with the help of sand painting techniques;

Harmonization of the psycho-emotional state of preschoolers;

development of hand-eye coordination;

Free use of the hands of both hands.

In accordance with the goals in the process of teaching children the technique of sand drawing, the following tasks are solved:

development of the ability to convey the shape, structure of an object and its parts, the correct proportions of parts, using different shades of light and shadow;

· learning to create static sand paintings, taking into account the rhythm, symmetry;

development of compositional skills in depicting groups of objects or a plot;

exercise of the fingers and hands;

development of artistic and aesthetic taste.

Training in this technique is carried out as part of the entire drawing course and has characteristic features.

Secondly, the creation of a friendly, creative atmosphere so that a preschooler can express his thoughts aloud without fear of criticism.

And thirdly, the educational process is built using games and game exercises aimed at developing creative abilities, activity and independence in visual activity. The learning process is divided into four stages.

For the organization of educational activities, appropriate equipment is required - a table with glass or a tablet measuring 50 x 30 with backlight. Fine white sand is used for drawing, which is stored in a special compartment in a box on the table (tablet).

In the learning process, preschoolers learn to formulate an idea and keep it throughout the activity; evaluate their drawings and the work of other children, while noting their quality, content, relevance to reality, aesthetic appeal.

For the realization of each idea, a certain amount of sand is used. By adding a handful of sand, children learn to make the drawing dark, bright or, removing the excess, light, transparent, they try to convey their mood, feelings and thoughts in the drawing.

To give color to the image, colored sand is used, depending on the theme of the visual activity or the children's idea, for example " Golden autumn" - sand yellow color, “Summer Forest” - green sand, “Sea inhabitants” - blue and / or blue, etc. But it is advisable to “paint” the drawing in this way at the end of training, when preschoolers have fully mastered the technique of drawing with sand.

Since the drawing is carried out directly with the fingers on the sand, this technique involves:

development of smoothness, grace and accuracy of movements;

Ability to work with the hand and fingers of both hands;

Hand-eye coordination

mastering technical skills: regulation of the strength of movements, a certain amplitude, speed, rhythm; the ability to change the scope and direction of movement of the hand when drawing; harmonious combination of lines, colors and shadows.

Each meeting with children consists of preparatory, introductory, main and final parts.

In the preparatory part, exercises are carried out for the development of fine motor skills, observation, preparation of the hand for drawing, psycho-gymnastics for the development of the emotional sphere, attention, memory and imagination.

The introductory part provides for the use of an artistic word; holding games to attract the attention of children; topic conversation.

The main part is directly working with sand on the topic. Musical accompaniment plays an important role in this. Music is selected taking into account the theme and sounds throughout the activity. So, the teacher can use the works of classical music by P. Tchaikovsky, W. Mozart, A. Vivaldi, I. Bach, F. Chopin, R. Strauss, C. Debussy; recordings of sounds of nature (water element, sounds of gardens, jungle, tropical forests, etc.). Physical education is mandatory.

The final part is reflection. Exit from the game environment. Encouragement of the participants in the game and a story about possible subsequent games, adventures.

Modern research proves that while painting with sand, a child not only acquires practical skills and implements creative ideas, but also broadens his horizons, develops artistic taste, acquires the ability to find beauty in the ordinary, learns to think creatively.

CONCLUSION

IN Lately the development of fine motor skills teachers and psychologists are attaching more and more importance, because it is an important component of the education and development of the child.

A table-tablet for sand drawing is a new and at the same time simple type of visual activity for preschoolers, accessible to almost everyone and does not require special training. And for the teacher, this is another way to understand the feelings of the child.

This type of drawing is one of the most important means of understanding the world and developing aesthetic perception, since it is closely related to independent and creative activity. This is one of the ways to depict the world around us and develop fine motor skills of the hands.

In our work, we carried out diagnostics according to the methods of N.O. Ozeretsky, N.I. Gurevich, L.A. Wenger to identify the development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age, which showed the predominance of a low level of development of fine motor skills of hands in children.

Taking into account the identified features, we have selected recommendations for teaching the work of younger preschoolers with a table-tablet for sand drawing in order to develop fine motor skills of the hands.

We also note a few important rules for drawing with sand:

1) The child only needs to be offered options for games and tasks, and not forced to follow a strict program;

) The structure of the lesson should be adapted to the interests of the child;

) Create space for his self-expression, and do not set rigid boundaries and rules;

) Appreciate his initiative and opinion, but not tacit agreement with you;

) Stimulate the development of creative situations with questions, but not ready-made answers;

) Support the child in finding their own non-standard solutions to the tasks you set;

) Appreciate the natural wisdom of the child and his uniqueness, but do not teach him to "be like everyone else."

LITERATURE

1. Akhutina T.V. L.S. Vygotsky and A.R. Luria: the formation of neuropsychology // Questions of psychology. - 2011. - No. 5. - S. 39 - 43.

Babaeva T.I., Mikhailova Z.A. Childhood: a program for the development and education of children in kindergarten: 3rd edition, revised. - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2004.

Belaya A.Ya., Miryasova V.I. Finger games. A guide for parents and teachers. - M.: Sigma, 2009.

Belousova O.A. Teaching preschoolers to draw with sand // Handbook of the senior educator preschool. - 2012. - No. 5. - S. 14 - 18.

Venger L.A., Pilyugina E.G. Raising a child's sensory culture: a book for educators kindergarten. - M.: Education, 2014.

Kiseleva V. Development of fine motor skills // preschool education. - 2006. - No. 1. - S. 43 - 45.

Koltsova M. The child learns to speak. - M.: Phoenix, 2011.

Leontiev A.N. Fundamentals of psycholinguistics: Proc. for university students studying in the specialty "Psychology". - M.: Education, 2013.

Lopukhina I.S. speech therapy. Speech. Rhythm. Motion. - M.: Korona-Print, 2014.

Nikitina A.V. Unconventional Techniques drawing. - M.: Korona-Vek, 2010.

Petrova E.S. We develop motor skills of the hand. - M.: Chance, 2010.

Ruzina M.S., Afonkin S.Yu. The country finger games. - S.-Pb.: School, 2007.

APPS

motor skills preschooler drawing sand

Attachment 1

Tasks according to the methods of N.O. Ozeretsky, N.I. Gurevich, L.A. Wenger

. "Finger with a nose greet"

After the preliminary demonstration of the task, the child is invited to close his eyes and touch the index finger of his right hand: a) the tip of the nose; b) the lobes of the left ear.

The task is repeated in the same sequence with the other hand.

Evaluation-conclusion. A correctly completed task is the norm; if the child makes inaccuracies (touches the middle or upper part of the nose, ear), this indicates the immaturity of his coordination mechanisms and non-compliance with the age norm.

. "Put the coins in the box"

Placed on the table cardboard box 10x10 cm in size, in front of which, at a distance of 5 cm, 20 coins (tokens, buttons) 2 cm in diameter are laid out in disorder.

At the signal of an adult, the child must put all the coins as quickly as possible (you need to take them one at a time) into the box.

The task is performed alternately with the left and right hand.

Evaluation-conclusion. The norm is the correctness and execution time: for the leading hand - 15 seconds, for the other - 20 seconds.

. "Draw circles with your fingers"

For 10 seconds, with the index fingers of hands horizontally extended forward, the child should describe identical circles of any size in the air (arms move in opposite directions).

Evaluation-conclusion. The task is not completed if the child rotates his arms simultaneously in one direction or describes circles of different sizes.

. "Let's say hello"

. "Ring"

Fold the thumb in turn with each finger on the right hand, then on the left.

Evaluation-conclusion. Note the range of motion (complete, incomplete), pace of execution (normal, slow, fast), activity (normal, lethargy, motor restlessness), coordination of movements (normal, uncoordinated movements), ability to switch movements.

. "Our Fingers"

Bend and unbend all fingers in turn, starting with the thumb, first on the right, then on the left hand.

Evaluation-conclusion. Smooth, accurate and simultaneous sample execution; tension, stiffness of movements; violation of the pace of execution (not at the expense of the teacher); failure to complete the task; left-handedness.

The criteria are divided into three levels: high, medium, low.

low: the child experiences significant difficulties in completing the task;

High: Accurate performance of the task.

Annex 2

Diagnostics of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children 3-4 years old

child number		exercise number

	Milan R.




	Xenia B.
	Stephen V.


	Violetta B.

Low level 6 kids

Intermediate level 5 children

High level 4 kids

Appendix 3

Diagram of the development of fine motor skills of hands in children 3-4 years old

Appendix 4

Game activities on the table-tablet for sand painting

“Difficult road”: you need to draw a wavy line with your finger across the sand (the difficulty is that the child does not weaken the finger, but strains and holds it with a hook).

"Dangerous turn": you need to run your finger over the sand, twisting it into a spiral (depict a spiral sign).

"Lightning": you need to draw a curved line with your finger in the sand.

"The monster on the island": a fabulous monster sleeps on the island (put or bury a toy in the sand). It is necessary to bypass the monster and not touch it - it can wake up.

"Rainbow": draw a semicircle in the sand with four fingers - a rainbow. And then add the sun.

"My cheerful ringing ball”: draw a ball with an embankment of sand (circle it around the poured sand), it is elastic, cheerful in character (you can draw a face and legs for it), and the other is not quite round, not very elastic and lazy (display emotions), almost does not jump.

Sand Path: Show your child how to pick up a handful of dry sand and slowly pour it out, creating different shapes (path to the bunny's house).

"Sand painting":

draw symmetrical objects with both hands at the same time;

Draw on wet sand

We print flat figures, molds of the image on the sand;

Draw with a finger

We print on the sand with the palms of our hands;

draw with children's rakes on the sand.

In this article:

The sand is fine natural material, which is able to take the form of various objects, it has flowability and passes water well.

Children touch it with their hands, build castles, dig tunnels or sculpt "Kulichki". They are addicted to the game, thereby unconsciously taking part in sand therapy. Every kid loves to mess with the sand. This simple activity can affect the psychological state of the child, help him with self-development.

Sand therapy is an effective method of helping a preschool child grow into a healthy, harmonious and developed personality.

History of Sand Therapy

Philosopher Carl Gustav Jung at the very beginning of the twentieth century first noticed the effective impact of playing with sand on children with mental disabilities. He began to develop this technique and apply it to the therapy of his little patients. This method has spread widely around the world and has become known as Jungian.

Sand and its impact on the child

Sand therapy helps the child to be himself. A preschooler does not know how to express in words what he feels and what emotions he experiences.

Playing with sand helps children create different stories in the 3D world by transforming them into sand figures or drawings in the sand. The child unconsciously transfers his fears, experiences or psychological trauma to the images.

Such a game is important for children, thanks to it they communicate. The toys that are used in it are the means. They help them express themselves.

Important! The child should not be dictated to the rules when he plays in the sandbox. Parents or a psychologist need to take the role of "observer".

In playing with sand, the child shows various emotions:

destroys the figures that he built - thereby splashing out anger and irritation;
buries a toy - thus "buries" his fear or negative emotions.

With the help of sand therapy, a specialist can:

To identify psychological deviations in children.
Develop children with mental retardation and cerebral palsy.
Help the child to socialize, learn to communicate with peers.
Develop various skills.

Therapy also has a preventive effect. Negative emotions in children can accumulate, in gaming activity they splash out.

How does sand therapy work?

The main effect of sand therapy is that it helps to fight psychological traumas by transferring them to the sand. Feelings of control and interconnection over their inner feelings and desires begin to form. A child, playing in the sand, expresses all his feelings and fears, is freed from traumas that do not develop into psychological traumas.

Sand Therapy in Child Development

Thanks to sand therapy, the following skills can be developed in a child:

Motor. The child learns to pour sand into a bucket, jar or bottle with a narrow neck.
Descriptive. Preschoolers draw animals, plants, equipment, etc. on the sand.
Develop speech functions and phonemic hearing. Children draw letters in the sand, which helps teach them how to pronounce and automate the sound.
The development of mental abilities, memory and attention.
The development of fine motor skills of the hands. Each finger participates in the game, which will favorably affect the overall development of the child.
To correct breathing. Sand acts as a medium for breathing exercises.

Playing in the sandbox helps the child to perform actions with sand: dry and wet. He learns its properties and learns to establish a causal relationship. In the process, creative abilities also develop - the child comes up with new images and makes them out of sand.

Benefits of Sand Therapy for Children

The advantages of playing with sand are undeniable:

Fine motor skills develop in preschool children.
Extensive scope for imagination and mental activity.
The thinking mechanism is regulated.

In speech therapy classes, performing exercises with sand helps:

express your thoughts logically;
the formation of dialogical speech of preschoolers;
be responsible for your actions in the game;
rely only on their own strength;
erase psychological trauma and problems from the head.

Actions of the teacher in the organization of sand therapy

When organizing sand therapy, the teacher must:

prepare a place for sand therapy. It should be a quiet corner, where there will be no noise and fuss;
purchase a box that needs to be painted blue or light blue. This coloring acts favorably and calms the psyche. Pure white sand is poured into it;
next to the box put a box with toys. They should be small so that the child can create a model of the game. The kit must include figures of people and animals;

Note! During sand therapy, the child chooses exactly those figures that symbolize his inner state at the moment.

create comfortable conditions for gaming activities;
support the game of children, help them survive various situations;
evaluate the behavior of children during the game and draw conclusions.

To practice sand animation you need:

Buy a table with a glass top, make a backlight from below. Install low sides along the edge of the table.
Pour clean river sand onto the surface, in such quantity that you can draw drawings on it.

In therapy sessions, there should be a calm environment conducive to therapy. You can turn on calm music. The teacher observes the course of the game, if necessary, tells the child the scenario.

Sand therapy for preschool children

For toddlers, this therapy is a fun way to touch soft-touch material. It helps children develop mentally and physically, giving them the opportunity to prepare for school.

For kids, playing in the sand helps:

learn numbers and letters;
distinguish between left and right;
correctly navigate the seasons;
train memory, vision and hearing;
develop fantasy.

It is better to start such therapy from the age of 3, but it is possible even earlier, when the child stops putting everything in his mouth.

Features of sand therapy for children

Sand therapy is also suitable for adults, but the use of sand therapy has its own characteristics in games:

The parent or the teacher deals with the psychological problem of the child.
It is important to set boundaries with children.
A more natural game that is unusual for adults.
Children are engaged in more dynamic and active games.
The main stages of the game: chaos, struggle, outcome.
The complete absence of abstract paintings.
The preferred predominance of fairy tale characters, animals, cartoon characters in the game.

Indications for therapy

Sand training is indicated at any age, especially for children with psychological trauma and developmental delay. A kid who has difficulty expressing his feelings and experiences, such activities will only benefit. In addition, therapy helps preschoolers develop intelligence and prepare for school.

Contraindications

The main contraindication to sand therapy is the child's lack of trust in his teacher. As well as increased anxiety, excitability and resistance to sand games.

Sometimes a contraindication is an allergy to materials in a child.

Class equipment

For sand therapy you need:

Wooden box with a waterproof bottom, size 50x70cm.
Clean sand of medium size, it is best to moisten it slightly.
Colored sand is suitable for preschoolers.
Colored sea salt for enhanced development of fine motor skills of babies.
Miniature figurines of animals, cartoon characters, flowers, houses, transport, fairy-tale characters.

Game techniques

Basic game methods:

“Guess” - bury the figurine in the sand and ask the kid to guess who exactly was hidden in the sand. To make things easier, ask leading questions.
"Fun" - come up with interesting story for the characters and lay out the main suggestive words on the sand with figures, after which the child turns away, and the adult scatters the figures on the sand. The kid must find the lost words.
"The Lost City" - let the rental company build the city of their dreams and invent a story for its inhabitants.

What is needed for sand therapy at home?

For homework you will need:

clean sand;
rectangular box;
miniature figurines.

Pour sand into the box by two thirds, it is also necessary to have water to wet the sand.

Games for the development of auditory attention and memory

In this type of therapy, there are many games aimed at developing memory, hearing and speech. Let's consider the main ones:

"Tic-tac-toe" - this is how the baby trains memory and develops intelligence.
"Animals" - put the animals in a row and ask the child to name them and write each letter in the sand.
"Geography" - you need to buy a world map and resolve it into 6 parts, then let the child fold it like a puzzle. At the same time, he can pronounce the names of continents and oceans. After building a city on the sand with rivers, mountains and houses to develop spatial thinking and memory.

Projective sand games, exercises for emotional release and aggression removal

Consider some games for anxiety relief and personality development:

"Handprints" - this is how the child learns to evaluate his feelings. The kid should describe what he feels and express his emotions.
"Rain" - in this game, the baby relieves stress well. The child pours sand from one hand to back side other hand.
"Patterns" - the child must draw various images on the sand and tell how he feels at the same time. This activity is the perfect stress reliever.
"Hide and seek" - relieve stress and allows you to find out psychological problems child. Children are given a choice of toys that he hides, then dig out and talk about his emotions.

The role of sand therapy for children with disabilities

For healthy kids, such games are simply useful and entertaining. The situation is different for children with developmental disabilities. Sand exercises are used as a behavioral correction, stress relief and sensory development.

Sandbox games are spectacular for kids with:

Such children in the sandbox form their own character of the game, the characters communicate with each other, carry on a conversation. So Toddlers with developmental disabilities form their own character.

For kids with speech delay, the sand literacy game is suitable. It improves the correct perception of words, forms the correct pronunciation, develops reading and writing.

Children with intellectual upholding should play with sand for about an hour.

Such therapy treats neurological problems and is an active prevention of developmental disorders. Frequent play in the sandbox charges the child with positive emotions and frees him from the negative manifestations of the outside world.

Stages of sand therapy

There are three main stages of playing with sand:

"Chaos" - there are no differences between the figures, that is, it is not clear who they are: animals, heroes, plants, fairy-tale characters. This says that the baby is anxious and restless.
"Fight" - the child clearly divides toys into good and bad, and there are much more evil ones. This period is called the inner struggle of the baby, in which case you should add good characters to his game plot.
“Exodus” is the stage that means complete peace and harmony of the child.

Sand therapy fully develops the child, eliminates neurological problems. It is also just a pleasant and useful pastime with your own child.

Types of sand games

There are 2 main types of sand games:

Sand painting. This type of therapy helps the child to relax. He fantasizes, drawing various images: people, animals or nature. Sand can be leveled with both palms and fingers, painted with a fist or wrist. You can make holes, rake it or sift it between your fingers. Sand animation helps to develop creativity, thinking and imagination. Especially this type of sand therapy is suitable for excitable and hyperactive children.
Sandbox game. The child plays in an impromptu sandbox - a box of sand. He uses figurines of people, buildings, vehicles, fruits, vegetables and other objects. The preschooler independently invents a story and plays it, expressing hidden emotions. When organizing therapy by a psychologist, he himself suggests a plot so that the child experiences a specific feeling. For the development of speech, a speech therapist conducts the necessary classes in a playful way.

Sandplay therapy includes a variety of story games that help children develop.

Methods of sand therapy in the development of speech

Children of preschool age often develop speech disorders. Sand therapy is an effective tool for the development of children's speech. This method is new and is gaining more and more popularity.

A speech therapist in classes with children uses sand games:

"Sounds in the Sand"

The teacher draws an animal or object on the sand and asks the child for its name. Then he asks to draw other objects whose names begin with the first sound of the word. Thanks to this game, the speech therapist helps the child to automate a particular sound.

"Remove the excess"

The teacher draws 3 objects, one of them does not fit the logical chain. For example, circle, square and apple. The child must erase the excess and add the desired pattern. Sand play promotes speech development.

"Turn the Letter"

The teacher draws a letter, the child must turn it into another.

"Draw a letter, a word"

The preschooler draws with his finger the letters or words that the teacher pronounces. In the game, you can use sticks or ropes with knots to write.

Important! The speech therapist will select sand therapy individually for each child, which is necessary for him to set the sound and automate it.

Sand games for breathing correction

In speech therapy, sand therapy is used to develop diaphragmatic breathing. Before the start of the games, the teacher teaches children to breathe correctly. They should inhale air through their nose, while trying not to raise their shoulders, and inflate their stomach with a “balloon”. Inhalation and exhalation are slow and smooth.

The following games are used to correct breathing:

"Smooth road"

A speech therapist uses a typewriter to walk a path in the sand. The child should level it with a stream of air.

"Picture Under the Sand"

You need to put a color picture on the table, pour sand on top. The child must blow it off the image.

"Road to the Animal"

Two figures of animals are placed on the sand at a distance from each other. A preschooler must, with the help of a long stream of air, form a path from one animal to another.

"Treasure"

A small object is buried in the sand. It is necessary to blow off the air in order to "dig" the treasure.

"Boiling water"

Dig a hole and fill it with water. You have to blow hard on the water to make it bubble.

Therapeutic sand play for the development of fine motor skills

The development of fine motor skills is inextricably linked with the development of speech, memory and thinking of the child. There are many different toys for this. board games, creative kits and various other methods. Sand therapy helps to develop motor skills in children of different ages.

To develop motor skills, the teacher conducts the following games:

"Paint a Picture"

A child draws a picture on a backlit glass table with his fingers, if necessary he helps himself with his wrist or fist.

"Sensitive Hands"

The teacher and the child put their hands on the sand. The senior participant tells how it feels. Then he asks the child what he is experiencing. Such a game can be played often, children in the process not only develop fine motor skills, but learn to understand their feelings.

Note! Sand therapy helps to simultaneously develop various skills: hand motility, breathing, speech.

"Sea World"

The child plays with sand in a box, creates a "sea world". The teacher gives toys on the marine theme, as well as pebbles, shells, beads. With their help, the child lays out fish, boats and comes up with stories.

Stages of organizing sand therapy in kindergarten

Sand therapy is organized by teachers in kindergartens, psychologists and speech therapists. They use sand games for activities with children. At home, parents can organize a place where the child can play in the sandbox for their own benefit.

The main stages of the organization of therapy include:

Preparing a child for sand therapy. He must have a desire to participate in the game.
The teacher must be able to conduct sand therapy, have a creative approach and potential.
Children must be healthy at the time of the game. They should not have an allergic reaction to the sand.
Play area preparation: sand box, animation table and toys.
Conducting the game.

There are a lot of options for sand games. A competent specialist will select the necessary methods that are necessary for the development of a particular child.

Sand can fascinate with its amazing possibilities. Pay attention to how many different fantasies can be embodied in a sand drawing. It is safe to say that not only children, but also adults can spend time with sand with pleasure.

Hello!

Today I want to talk about such entertainment as Rainbow Sand.

Surely many parents have already played it with their children. I bought it for my child myself, consciously, I wanted to try it and find out what kind of miracle sand is, how to play with it and what is the use of it.

I have it Rainbow sand from LORI from the Home sandbox series.

Cardboard box, inside 4 round packages of 140 gr. four colors of sand: green, blue, red, yellow. Inside there were also 2 molds and instructions. The price is 340 rubles in a regular children's clothing and toy store.

The instruction is detailed, there is a part for adults, rules for working with rainbow sand, as well as warnings that if it gets into the eyes, they must be washed immediately, parents should ensure that the child does not take the sand into his mouth.

The age on the box is 3+, but I want to warn parents, grandparents who buy, give or just play rainbow sand with children up to three or even up to 4-5 years old (it depends on the child of course), you need to be absolutely sure of the child that he will not lick the sand, lick his fingers (this sand does not stick to his hands, but small particles remain on the skin).

Rainbow sand was made in the city of Yaroslavl, GOST and TU are indicated on the package, but for some reason there is no Rostest badge. There is no information on the toxicity of the sand.

Another point is the smell of iridescent sand. The smell is very sharp, unpleasant, chemical. Perhaps such a smell is caused by polymers added to quartz sand, just in order for the sand to acquire such a consistency - it seems to be ordinary sand, but the particles of sand seem to be magnetized to each other, due to this, rainbow sand does not crumble, but pours, dry, but accepts and holds any form.

Rainbow sand is very suitable for the entertainment of a child, the child likes to touch it, hold it in his hands, knead it like plasticine, make different figures, and simply “pour” it from hand to hand. For the first time, my child, having tried to play with this sand, was completely delighted and surprised how sand can do this! But, of course, I explained to my 5-year-old daughter that this is a special, "magic" sand.

We played together, used molds together and sculpted with just our hands.

Another plus of colored rainbow sand is that you can mix existing colors and get new ones!

In order to play with rainbow sand, you need to come up with a sandbox, in our case there was an unnecessary cardboard box with high walls, this is important! The sand is so fine, and the child is not always neat, that you have to collect sand from the table and from the floor with a damp cloth, we also had it on our clothes.

At Rainbow sand from LORI from the Home sandbox series there are several disadvantages, as I said, a strong unpleasant odor, small particles sticking to the skin and clothes, and the lack of information on toxicity.

Despite the identified shortcomings, I want to recommend parents, grandparents to engage in such activities with children with such sand more often! They develop fine motor skills well, give room for the imagination and creativity of a child (and an adult), and I also think that they calm the psyche of a child when he works with materials such as rainbow sand! But I ask you to be vigilant and watch how your child plays in the rainbow sand without leaving him, even if he is already 5 or more years old!

Thank you for your attention and fun games!

Fine motor skills are the ability to perform small and precise movements with the hands and fingers and toes as a result of the coordinated actions of the most important systems: nervous, muscular and bone.

The development of fine motor skills directly affects the development of speech and mental abilities of babies. You need to start developing brushes, fingers and palms with infancy and to the school itself, increasing the level of difficulty every year.

1. Developing mat

First you can buy an orthopedic embossed mat. It treats and prevents flat feet, strengthens muscles and ligaments, relieves fatigue from the legs. Rugs have different surface, there are such as: "grass", "thorns", "hard stones", "soft stones", "bumps" and others. Foot massage will pleasantly surprise not only kids, but also adults.

For older kids, you can find rugs that are assembled like puzzles. Such mosaics often have letters or numbers - a child can make up numbers or words.

2. Figurines on magnets

Be sure to buy fridge magnets. Very young children will begin to develop a grasping reflex and the skill of moving magnets. Older children will be interested in learning letters and numbers with the help of magnets, and then there will be a love for building syllables and words, an interest in counting. With an interesting set of magnets in the shape of animals, the child will quickly learn the names of all pets and wild animals.

3. Modeling dough or polymer clay

Modeling dough and polymer clay massage the fingertips, improve tactile sensitivity, develop imagination and analytical skills. It is during modeling that the child can begin to study geometric shapes learn to combine them. Suitable for the smallest sculptors salty dough, kids can taste it - it's completely harmless. Older children can sculpt clay figures - crafts will harden and can be kept as a keepsake.

4. Kinetic sand

If you want to surprise your child with something completely unusual, then you can purchase kinetic sand, consisting of quartz sand and E900 synthetic additive. It is absolutely safe, more plastic than ordinary sand, does not dry out and does not stick to hands. From it you can build figures, castles and much more. Sand comes in different colors.

5. Easels and drawing boards

What child doesn't love to draw? Therefore, any kid will be delighted with this purchase. Drawing is not only exciting, but also useful, as it is a good development of creativity, a sense of style and composition, and, of course, self-expression of a child. Many moms choose 2-in-1 easels with a crayon board and a magnetic board on which you can draw with felt-tip pens.

6. Finger coloring

These coloring pages are suitable for kids who do not know how to hold a brush in their hand, and for those who are older. The toy will help the child learn to control the scope of the brush (hand) and not go beyond, feel the force of pressure, and the child will also try to mix the palette. Usually coloring calms the baby's nervous system, develops coordination of movements, promotes the creative process and imagination.

7. Mushroom screw and screw structures

Mushroom screw - wonderful simple toy, which shows the screwing mechanism. The mushroom has a cap with a screw and a stem with a hole through which it can observe how the screw is screwed into the stem. The process develops manual dexterity and strengthens the muscles of the hand and wrist.

For older children, there are constructors where, with the help of bolts and nuts, you can assemble cars, houses, planes and much more. Who knows, maybe your child is a future engineer?

8. Laces

If there are still no laces among your child's toys, then this should be urgently corrected. Lacing games help develop perseverance, logic, improve the eye and flexibility of the hand.

To get started, you can learn how to put multi-colored pasta on a thread or wooden Toys, then sew on a button (with a wooden needle), study possible ways lacing (stitches, cross), then go to plot lacing, where you need to sew on the missing details. At the highest level, you can generally “lace up” entire compositions.

9. Lego

Every child should have this toy, because it trains the skill of modeling and construction, trains creativity, memory, observation and attentiveness, and children just like it very much.

The beauty of this toy is that it is suitable for any age (for children under 3 years old, the designers are larger, for older ones - smaller). It is worth noting that the Lego collection includes a wide variety of models - from fire engines and ambulances, boats to entire islands or even cities.

10. Finger theater

If you feel that the child works with one hand (or the same fingers) more often, pay attention to finger theater. This toy will help develop all the fingers on both hands, strengthen the hand (which prepares for writing), improve imagination, thinking, memory, stimulate the speech apparatus, and also help the child better navigate in space.

When purchasing a theater, remember that you need to take seriously the preparation of the scene, the search for spectators (toys or relatives), the distribution of roles and the very process of playing. And who knows, maybe a small director is growing up in your family?