A 2-year-old child is talking to Komarovsky. The development of your child - the library - Dr. Komarovsky. The main stages of the child's speech development

The two-year-old child is still small vocabulary then parents need to worry. Usually at this age, the baby can already speak in sentences of 4-5 words, and he can also use pronouns, singular and plural, and also knows his name. The child's vocabulary should contain about 300-400 words with which he can express his emotions and desires.

In order for the child to associate words with images, you, as a mother, when talking with a child who is two years old, should look at the baby and observe his reactions. Also, the baby should see your face and see how mom reacts to his words, so the baby will be able to study facial expressions and emotions.

When talking with a toddler about certain objects, you must definitely show him pictures of these objects. If we are talking about a cat, you can find a photo of a cat in a book, show your baby a cat on the street, or a video on a tablet. So the baby will remember the words better, and will associate them with objects from the real world.

Talk to him constantly

Any speech therapist will tell you that it is very useful if dad and mom are constantly talking with a baby who is two years old. Talk to your child while walking board games and household chores. This will help the baby to choose the right words in a given situation and quickly speak in whole sentences.

In addition, as any speech therapist recommends, such classes will look like a simple game, they are not difficult and the baby does not need to be forced to do anything, he will be drawn into communication himself and will beautifully and correctly repeat the words after his mother. Such lessons will only benefit the baby, and mom and dad will be able to easily and effortlessly teach the baby to talk.

But, such classes and exercises in speech should be built according to certain rules. Mom and dad should not distort words with a baby, any speech therapist will tell you this. Children remember everything very quickly and firmly and it can be very difficult to retrain to speak this or that word correctly.

As every speech therapist recommends, mom and dad should read fairy tales to the child. It is best that these are picture books that will stimulate the baby's imagination, and reading will expand his vocabulary completely unnoticed by the crumbs themselves, who are already two years old.

Try not just to tell the baby something, but to draw him into a full-fledged dialogue. Let the baby not always answer you correctly, but any speech therapist will recommend such a workout as the most better lessons for any child over the age of two. The kid will be able to develop his speech, speak coherently and clearly, this will definitely benefit him.

Ask your child questions

If mom and dad ask the baby questions, then at first he will try to answer with gestures and emotions. Try not to go along with the baby, and ask him questions, demanding verbal answers. Of course, the baby, who has gone into the third year, will not like it at first.

Perhaps the baby will cry and try to get what he wants with the help of gestures. Clearly stand your ground, and demand an answer from the baby, even if it is not said too correctly. Such lessons will very quickly turn from a duty into a game, and the baby will answer you more willingly.

Any experienced speech therapist will give the following advice to parents whose child, who is in his third year, does not speak:

1. Develop baby fine motor skills hands Play finger games, use educational toys and improvised materials, such as buttons, jars, caps, shreds and other similar things.
2. Mom and dad of the baby, who is in his third year, must agree and not allow the child to use only gestures in the dialogue. It is better to teach your baby together simple words such as give, na, thank you.
3. Let your toddler, who is two years old, interact with other older children. Talking with children who speak well, the baby will learn, such inconspicuous exercises will only benefit the child.
4. Mom can go to the trick and "forget" the end of the phrase. The kid can finish it for you correctly and thus your lessons continue imperceptibly for the child.
5. If a baby in his third year asks a question, you should listen very carefully. This attitude greatly stimulates the child's interest in making the classes regular and interesting.

Learning to pronounce sounds

The mother of a baby who has gone into his third year must definitely encourage the baby to learn the pronunciation of certain sounds. As any speech therapist will recommend, you should start these lessons with the pronunciation of the vowels. It is desirable that the baby be interested in the constant repetition of new sounds and sound combinations. Let the baby repeat them as much as he wants.

When the baby learns the vowel sounds well, it will be possible to move on to the consonants. Start with simple ones, like b, c, d, and gradually move on to more complex ones. Dr. Komarovsky recommends presenting such lessons in the form of a game so that the baby is not bored. It will be nice to watch short educational videos with the baby in which the characters make sounds.

Letter P

Many mothers are thinking about how to teach how to teach a child to say the letter r. A speech therapist may recommend the following methods:

1. Learn with the baby a few rhymes with the letter p.
2. Playfully growl, trying to show the baby the correct setting of the lips and tongue.
3. Do special exercises that a speech therapist will prescribe. Usually such exercises can be found in the video.

Letter L

In order for the baby to pronounce the letter L correctly, you must definitely do the following exercise, as recommended by Dr. Komarovsky. Ask the baby to smile broadly and use the tongue to run along the inner surface of the teeth in the lower jaw. First, you can find an instructional video and watch it to explain to your baby.

To do this, you need to stick your relaxed tongue out of your mouth and chat it up and down, trying to pronounce the letter R.

Letter Z

Teaching a toddler to say the letter Z is very simple. Ask your child to say S, but on raised tones vote. Fix this exercise with the words tooth, hare, star, umbrella. Show your baby how the throat muscles tense up when a ringing sound is made, bring his pen to your throat.

When and what to do if the child does not speak? - Dr. Komarovsky

Every 14th child has a pronounced speech development delay (SRR). Problems with the development of speech already become noticeable from 2 years.

The article contains material on the causes and signs of IRR in children of two years of age, the norms of speech development in children and the opinions of doctors on this issue.

Signs of delayed speech development in children in the table - when is it worth sounding the alarm?

Indicators of successful and unsuccessful speech development in babies

When a child should start talking - the norms for the development of speech in babies in the table

There is no special body that is specifically responsible for human speech. Speech and words are formed by such anatomical devices as chewing, respiratory, swallowing. But before a word or word form is formed, the cerebral cortex is involved in the process.

In children, the process of speech formation has several stages:

1. The first stage begins at birth and continues until the age of 6-10 months. It includes screaming, babbling and cooing. With these so-called "signals", the baby notifies the parents that he is hungry, he is cold or hot, uncomfortable or he feels pain. Further, listening to the conversations of others, simple syllables “ma”, “pa”, “ba”, etc. begin to form in him.
2. The second stage begins at 8-10 months and lasts up to 2 years. During this period, the baby begins to understand the elementary phrases that the parents say and can answer the question with a gesture (for example, “where is mom?”). With intonation, he expresses joy, discontent, fear. Upon reaching the age of 1, the child begins to call words with onomatopoeic expressions (for example, a car - bi-bi, a cat - kitty-kitty, a toy - lala).
3. Period 3 begins at age 2 when the baby clearly understands the speech of an adult, performs instructions, easily points to the named objects. The child can already name phrases of two to four words, pronounces all sounds mother tongue, his vocabulary on average consists of 300 words.

Table number 1. Normal development of speech in children by age

Why a child does not speak at 2 years old - all social, psychological and physiological reasons for delayed speech development in children in the table

Normally, upon reaching the age of two, the baby should actively communicate with parents and loved ones, call a spade a spade, tell various stories. But it happens that a child at 2 years old does not yet utter any words, or does it very badly, but at the same time he does not. There can be many reasons for this, they are reunited into three main groups - social, psychological and physiological.

Causes of delay or lack of speech in a child at 2 years old

Pathologies of the nervous system leading to speech underdevelopment

General underdevelopment of speech - forms of speech pathology:

1. Dysarthria.
2. Aphasia.
3. Motor alalia.
4. Sensory alalia.

dysarthria

Dysarthria manifests itself in moderate, severe and erased forms.

Characteristic features of this pathology:

• The whole pronunciation system of speech suffers in a child.
• The rhythm of breathing is disturbed.
• The voice becomes nasal.
• All sounds are pronounced blurry and indistinct, as if "on the nose".

In severe forms of dysarthria, violations of the tone of the facial muscles are noticeable - they are either too relaxed or too tense.

The child cannot lift the tongue up, stick it out or reach the corner of the mouth. The tongue constantly trembles, when trying to keep it in one position, it turns blue, excessive salivation appears.

The baby suffers from both large and fine motor skills, he is awkward, cannot jump, stand on one leg, does not like to draw or cut, and has difficulty maintaining balance.

Reasons for the development of dysarthria:

1. Asphyxia or trauma during childbirth.
2. The impact of incompatibility with the mother on the Rh factor.
3. Trauma and tumors of the brain.
4. Hereditary pathologies of the central nervous system.

With normal hearing and developed organs of articulation in children, the disintegration of speech that has already begun to form occurs.

A characteristic feature of aphasia - the child spoke and suddenly fell silent, there were violations in the pronunciation of sounds, the loss of the meaning of statements. This violation of speech development leads to a delay in the development of the intellect.

Causes of aphasia – injuries, tumors and inflammatory diseases of the brain.

motor alalia

Speech pathology, which has a wide range of disorders: from the complete absence of speech to minor problems such as misuse of word endings or declension by gender and number.

A characteristic feature of a severe form motor alalia - the child understands what is said to him, but his own oral speech practically does not develop. Children with such manifestations are not able to independently put their lips, tongue in the right position, they are clumsy in performing the simplest movements.

Fine motor skills of the fingers in such children are almost not developed, both memory and thinking suffer.

Reasons for the development of motor alalia - cell damage speech zones brain or their delayed development due to birth trauma, infections, exposure to toxins on the fetus during prenatal development.

sensory alalia

With this pathology, children do not understand the meaning of the speech addressed to them, or understand the words separately, but cannot understand the meaning of the whole phrase or statement.

Sometimes a child with sensory alalia observed logorrhoea(meaningless and incoherent pronunciation of individual words).

May be observed delayed intelligence, negative manifestations of the nervous system: irritability, negativism, violations of large and small motor skills.

It is necessary to distinguish these persistent and severe pathologies of speech development (OHD) from the tempo delay in the development of speech (SRR), when a certain lag in this regard from peers is caused by the developmental characteristics of the baby, hereditary characteristics, and lack of communication with parents.

This can only be done by a specialist: a psychoneurologist, a speech therapist, a psychologist for children with developmental disabilities.

Expert opinion

Doctor Komarovsky:

Most children begin to make sounds that have some meaning around the age of one. But there are perfectly normal children who are in no hurry to speak. It seems that this depends mainly on the temperament and characteristics of the nature of the child. friendly minded, cheerful child tends to speak early. A calm child, prone to contemplation, observes what is happening around for a long time before he has a desire to express his opinion.
The environment in which the child grows up and the attitude of those around him also play an important role. If, due to nervous tension caused by something, the mother is silent all the time in the company of the child, then he, not feeling a desire for communication on her part, also closes in on himself. Adults sometimes go to the other extreme: they constantly talk to the child and command him, depriving him of any initiative. Such a child will feel awkward with people and withdraw into himself. He has not yet grown to the age when he can argue with an adult or just leave. It is believed that those children who are served by the whole family begin to speak late, not allowing them to move their hands on their own, warning their every desire. If a child does not begin to speak for a long time, the first thing that comes to the mind of parents is whether their child is lagging behind in mental development. Indeed, some mentally retarded children start talking late. But very many of them pronounce their first words at the same age as normal children. The facts show that the vast majority of children who hardly speak before the age of 3 are of normal mental development or even turn out to be unusually intelligent.
I think it is not difficult to guess what to do if the child does not begin to speak for a long time. Do not be angry with him for this and do not rush to conclude that he is stupid. Be gentle with him and try not to hold him back too much. Give him the opportunity to be among other children, where he will feel more natural. Talk to him in a friendly tone, using simple words. Encourage him to name things when he needs them. But do not demand from him that he speak, and do not express your displeasure.

From the book "To Parents about the Child's Speech" by N.V. Nishchev:

The reasons for delayed speech development are varied: problems in the development of auditory, visual and tactile perception; intellectual deficiency, hereditary type of late development of speech. Among possible causes it should also be noted somatic weakness, soreness of the child, due to which the formation of all mental functions is delayed; and social factors, namely the lack of adequate conditions for the development of the baby's speech. In conditions of overprotection, the speech function often remains unclaimed, as others understand the child without words and warn all his desires. A primary delay in speech development is possible in cases where parents constantly accompany their appeals to the child with gestures and actions, and the baby gets used to responding not to words, but to gestures. It is extremely harmful for a child to stay in an overly informed speech environment, when he hears the speech of adults communicating with each other, as well as radio, television, and gets used not to listen to speech and not attach importance to the word. In this case, the child may pronounce long meaningless pseudo-phrases, imitating full-fledged speech, and the development of true speech will be delayed. As a rule, in dysfunctional families, where adults have neither the time nor the desire to communicate with children, the speech development of the latter is also delayed.

N. S. Ilyina, speech pathologist:

In modern speech therapy, there are two groups of factors that cause a delay in the rate of speech formation:

a) imperfection social conditions upbringing and pedagogical errors;
b) insufficiency of the sensorimotor or neurological base of the child.

The first group includes incorrect methods of education in the family or children's institution, consisting in insufficient attention to the child by adults, or, conversely, in overprotection. In both cases, the child does not form the motivation for verbal communication. In the first case, there is no one to turn to, in the second - there is no need, everything will be done on time anyway. Within the framework of the clinical classification, such a violation is considered as a delay in the rate of speech development of a functional nature. Often, manifestations of underdevelopment are aggravated by the personality characteristics of the child, who is prone to stubbornness, self-will, and hysterical reactions.

The delay in the rate of speech development, due to a decrease in the motivation of communication, with timely work begun and with changes in the conditions of education, reveals a tendency to a quick and complete correction.

If a child has a lack of formation or insufficiency of the sensorimotor sphere (phonemic perception, motor skills of the articulatory apparatus, visual gnosis) or neurological diseases, then such underdevelopment requires not only changes in the conditions of education, but also the help of a specialist in the form of consultations or regular classes. Correction of this form of speech pathology takes a longer time and requires more effort and attention.

With a delay in speech development, early correction is the most effective, i.e. under the age of three. However, this does not mean that when detecting speech underdevelopment at 6 or 7 years old, you need to give up. In any case, special classes will have a positive impact on the speech and personality of the child, if they are systematic. The success of a child's development largely depends on the active position of parents, who, under the guidance of specialists, can organize proper communication with the child.

The formation of speech in children is not subject to strict rules. A child who starts talking at 2 years old is not necessarily healthier and more developed than his "silent" peer. There are approximate terms for the appearance of speech, which in practice shift depending on the rate of accumulation of vocabulary, the physical and psychological state of the baby, the desire and unwillingness to talk.

When the child starts talking

Normally, speech develops from mindless imitation of sounds to the conscious folding of sentences. The stages of its complication are as follows.

1. In the first year of life, the baby learns to put syllables into the simplest words: “mom”, “dad”. Communicates his own needs in monosyllables, does not use phrases, does not try to express himself in whole sentences.
2. At the age of one and a half, it begins to try out words more difficult: consisting of three or more syllables. Remembers the names and degrees of kinship of constantly nearby relatives, the names of familiar surrounding objects, toys. Accumulates vocabulary, tries to compose phrases. The latter occurs as an imitation of adults. There is still no full-fledged meaningfulness in the attempts.
3. At 2 years old, on average, a child knows 300 words, has general ideas about the construction of sentences. Accompanying gestures and facial expressions are added to words and simple phrases. During this year, the baby learns that speech is a way to communicate with other people, and not just signal needs.

Lack of speech at 2 years old is not a reason to panic. It is more important to understand what is the reason for the "lag". The reasons are divided into anatomical, physiological and psychological.

The main reasons for silence

1. Birth and congenital trauma. With intrauterine development disorders, the areas of the brain that determine the assimilation and use of speech sometimes suffer. Pathologies are diagnosed early, and become known before 2 years of age.
2. neurological disorders. The formation of the central nervous system in general and the brain in particular are slowed down and disrupted under the influence of neurological problems, reduced tone, and hypotonia.
3. Congenital (acquired) deafness, hearing impairment. Hearing-impaired and deaf children do not learn speech as easily as their completely healthy peers. Hearing disorders are caused by unfavorable heredity, problems in the course of pregnancy, infections early years life.
4. General underdevelopment of speech. It implies pathologies caused by objective external causes: smoking and drinking by the mother, infections, taking antibiotics during pregnancy, intoxication.
5. Mental retardation and mental retardation are both included in the group of intellectual disabilities, but their nature is fundamentally different. Mental retardation is caused by physiological causes and is most often congenital. ZPR is formed against the background of negative psychological factors and has an acquired character. ZPR is easy to overcome with the participation of a specialist, it is possible to compensate for mental retardation only partially.
6. Autism. Autism is confused with the usual detachment characteristic of some children. Real autism is manifested in the lack of interest in the environment, other people and children, isolation, indifference to communication. Since autistic children do not make contact, the assimilation of speech does not occur.
7. Lack of attention from adults, neglect. In order for a child to speak, it is necessary to communicate with him, play, talk, and engage in joint activities. The indifference of parents and other relatives is a common reason for the unwillingness and inability of the child to speak.

Reasons, according to Komarovsky

The doctor identifies several other reasons that hinder the development of speech and prevent it from appearing on time. What is Komarovsky trying to convey to his parents?

1. The nervousness of mom and dad slows down the appearance of speech. By the age of two, a child does not have developed speaking skills, parents begin to get nervous, take the child to specialists, and work hard with him. The effect is that the baby closes more strongly, is also nervous, does not understand what they want from him. Particularly zealous parents begin to study at all as soon as the child is one and a half years old. The result is even worse.
2. Modern gadgets are the next reason for the slow development of speech. It is not the advanced devices themselves that are to blame, but the attention of parents and the child to them. Of course, the baby is interested in what is happening on the screen. But it would be better if he played with his parents. And the latter do not have time, or they themselves are more passionate about smartphones and tablets. Gadgets do not involve fantasy, like playing with dolls or cars. With them, you can’t independently come up with a story, voice actions. This is where the “braking” comes from.
3. Time deficit. Parents spend more time on themselves than on their children. work, hobby, computer, GYM's, favorite TV shows ... The result - there is no communication in the family, the child has no one to learn speech from. But emotional closeness, communication, conversations are much more effective than taking medications.
4. A silent child can speak. A paradox that parents do not know about and forget about. Without talking, by the age of two, the baby responds adequately to the requests of adults: it shows the named objects, points to relatives whose name is pronounced. But the child himself does not need to speak. It means that her parents did not create her. Then what to do?

What to do

1. medical examination

At the first stage, it is desirable to exclude the anatomical and physiological causes of silence. Visit doctors: otolaryngologist, neurologist, speech therapist, child psychologist. The ENT will check the baby's hearing, make sure of his ability to distinguish and isolate sounds, determine their source.

The neurologist will confirm the absence of developmental abnormalities. We must prepare that the doctor will ask about the previous months of life: at what age did the child start cooing, when did he stand on his feet, what self-care skills does he have.

The speech therapist will check the child for common pathologies in the formation of the speech apparatus: low tone of the tongue and facial muscles, short frenulum. The psychologist will determine whether the current development of the baby corresponds to the norm, whether there are suspicions of ZPR.

1. Communication instead of gadgets

It is impossible to completely protect the child from contact with the TV, tablets, smartphones. But it is possible and necessary to reduce the time that he spends next to gadgets. Senseless pastime must be replaced by live communication, emotional intimacy, joint games, walks.

1. Constantly speaking actions

You should talk to the child, even if there is nothing to talk about. Let it be the voicing of actions performed during cleaning, cooking, feeding, dressing, walking in the yard. By pronouncing actions, you will quickly form an idea of ​​the relationships between objects, the structure of sentences, the correct word order, stress, declension.

1. Encouragement instead of nerves and abuse

You can’t force a baby to speak by force, let him gain an impressive vocabulary. The child will speak when he wants to. Swearing, demands, ostentatious resentment will not help here. On the contrary, if mom or dad react negatively to the silence of the child, he will close, step back and not utter a word for a long time.

The methods of encouragement are simple and varied: smile in response to the baby’s attempts to pronounce syllables and whole words, verbally praise, fulfill the voiced request immediately, postponing “incredibly important” things. Encouragement is useful when trying to communicate with both parents and other people around, relatives, peers. Stress, regardless of its origin, slows down speech development.

1. Fairy tales, sayings, nursery rhymes

Reading fairy tales to a child, describe pictures to him. Or ask questions: “Who is this?”, “What is he doing?”, “What color?” Learn rhymes and nursery rhymes - games accompanied by pronunciation of memorized phrases and simple movements. Ladushki is the most famous example.

1. Visiting "public" places

It is useful for the baby to be close to peers. AT Kindergarten 2 years old is too early, but spending time on the playground and playing with other children is just right. Even if the surrounding children do not speak themselves, interaction with them can push the baby to use speech.

1. Light provocations

It was repeated more than once: the child will not speak until he needs it. Parents who understand the child without words and instantly fulfill all his whims run the risk of not hearing the first words from their pet for a long time. On the contrary, you should not react to the baby’s gestures alone, his crying, expressive “mooing”. It is better to ask what he wants, ask clarifying questions, literally force him to pronounce desires.

The appearance of speech is individual, depends on hereditary factors, conditions of education, the presence or absence of motivation in the child. Komarovsky urges parents to remain calm, spend more time with the child, protect them from stress, and provoke the voicing of needs. In rare difficult cases, the help of doctors is required.

Some parents dream of the child being silent for at least five minutes, but the fidget always comments on something. And some mothers and fathers dream that the child would at least say something. But the child is stubbornly silent.

At the age of 1, as a rule, they only begin to worry about children's silence, at 2 years they are already ready to run with a silent child to doctors and psychologists. If the baby does not speak at 3 years old, this is a cause for serious concern.

The well-known pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky helps parents figure out the timing of the formation of children's speech.

Speech development

If a child does not develop speech, then he will not speak. The timing of the beginning of meaningful speaking is a rather individual concept. Some babies go from syllables to trying to pronounce words before the age of one, others only try to do it by 2 years.

There are average statistical terms, with a strong lag from which one can suspect a delay in speech development in a child:

• At 3 months, babies begin to walk;
• At 6-8 months they can babble;
• Girls usually say their first word by 10 months. Boys do this closer to 12 months.
• At 1.5 years old, a child is quite capable of pronouncing about a dozen words.
• By the age of 2, he usually knows pronouns, the number of words in the lexicon normally grows rapidly.
• By the age of 3, a healthy, developed baby can pronounce about 350 words without problems, freely operate with them, incline, and express their emotions.
• At 4 years old, the baby's vocabulary is already more than one and a half thousand words;
• At the age of five, the vocabulary doubles, the child knows and pronounces more than 3,000 words.

The ability to speak without the ability to listen cannot exist, and therefore, for the development of speech data in the presence of a child and with him, you need to talk a lot.

Experts advise starting from the prenatal period - a conversation between a mother and an unborn child benefits both. On the later dates During pregnancy, the fetus already perfectly perceives sound vibrations.

After birth, communication with the baby should be continuous. Let him not understand a word of what you say, but he must definitely listen to human speech a lot and often.

It is very important for babies up to six months to observe the articulation apparatus of mom and dad, by this age he begins to catch the connection between sound and lip movement. The baby himself tries to imitate what he hears. First it's cooing, and then babbling.

With due patience of parents and regular exercises based on the repetition of new words, on the connection of words with images, kids learn speech with pleasure, their vocabulary increases almost daily.

Even if the baby is not in a hurry to speak on his own, he has proper development passive speech should be developed by the age of 2. Such a little one can be asked to perform two consecutive actions - to take an item and pass it on to one of the family members.

By the age of three, usually even children who speak poorly should be able to build a chain of three consecutive actions based on understanding passive speech.

However, this is a theory. In practice, everything is not so rosy, and sometimes parents begin to worry and ask the doctor about the reasons for the delay in speech development.

speech delay

If a child of 1-2 years old does not speak, it is too early to worry, says Yevgeny Komarovsky.

The age at which you need to take seriously the lack of speech is 3 years. At the same time, parents should clearly articulate for themselves and for their doctor exactly how the baby is silent: he does not understand adults or does not speak, but he understands everything.

Often the baby speaks, but adults do not understand him, because he mumbles something incomprehensible, does not memorize the names of objects, naming them in his own way in his own language, inaccessible to adults.

About what to do if the child does not speak, you can find the answer in the next video from Dr. Komarovsky.

Sometimes three-year-old children speak, but they are limited only to individual words that cannot be linked into sentences or even phrases.

After mom and dad describe the essence of the problem as fully as possible, you can begin to look for the reasons for the tiny silence.

A delay in speech development in physicians is a condition in which three years old there is no connected speech. At the same time, the presence of phrasal speech at this age is also considered a deviation from the norm, but not so significant.

According to medical statistics, speech lag is recorded in 7-10% of children aged 3 years, and boys are much more often silent than girls - there are 4 silent boys per non-speaking girl.

Reasons for silence

The most basic and most common reason that prevents a three-year-old child from talking is hearing problems. They can be both congenital and acquired.

Hearing may be reduced slightly or significantly, up to deafness. The baby should be shown to the otolaryngologist. He will conduct a visual examination of the hearing organs, check the baby's ability to perceive sounds.

If necessary, a tone audiometry procedure will be prescribed, which shows with great accuracy how good the hearing is.

If there are no hearing problems, parents will have to pay a visit to a pediatric neurologist. With some neurological disorders suffers speech center, so the doctor will have to find out if the baby has such pathologies. You will probably have to do an MRI to rule out the possibility of neoplasms or defects in the structure of the brain.

Komarovsky argues that brain anomalies and diseases are very rarely the cause of speech lag, but such a possibility cannot be completely ruled out either.

Congenital dumbness is an extremely rare phenomenon with normal hearing, it is based on lesions of the speech apparatus.

If the baby is examined by specialists, and all of them as one claim that the child is perfectly healthy, silence may have pedagogical and psychological reasons.

Sometimes the baby may refuse to speak after a strong experience of stress, fear, severe fright. Much more often, the reason for silence lies in the wrong educational approach of mom and dad: if parents in the evenings communicate more with virtual friends on the Internet than with your child, who is spinning nearby, then the baby simply has nowhere to get sufficient verbal communication skills. In these matters, you can contact a child psychologist, psychiatrist.

There are often problems with speaking at the age of three in bilingual children whose families speak two languages ​​at once.

Sometimes the reason for the lack of speech can be mental illness, usually congenital (autism, etc.). In 10% of cases of delayed speech development at 3 years, the true cause cannot be established.

If a child at 3 years old speaks separate syllables, but does not know how to put words out of them, or says separate words, but does not collect them in phrases and sentences, Evgeny Komarovsky advises visiting neurologist and speech therapist.

And if the baby understands everything, but answers with completely incomprehensible sets of sounds while maintaining the intonations characteristic of normal speech, he needs a mandatory speech pathologist consultation.

dangerous age

There are several age periods when speech formation is most intense, and any negative factors can affect the speed of these processes (both speed up and slow down):

• 6 months. If at this age the child has little communication, then he does not develop the need to speak, imitate sounds, babble.
• 1-2 years. At this age, there is an active development of cortical speech zones. strong stress, frequent illnesses, lack of communication, injury can slow down cortical metamorphosis.
• 3 years. At this age, coherent speech is formed. Exogenous factors can slow down this process.
• 6-7 years old. Under the influence of negative factors at this age, the child is unlikely to become silent at all, but violations of speech functions (stuttering) are quite possible.

How to teach to speak

If the reason for the delay in speech development is organic (hearing diseases, neurological abnormalities, pathologies of the speech apparatus or the speech center of the brain), then Komarovsky advises starting by eliminating this cause.

The child should be given adequate treatment depending on the diagnosis. In parallel with this, the doctor will definitely give recommendations on conducting classes for the development of speech.

If the reason for the silence of the child lies in the social, pedagogical or psychological problems, you should also eliminate the factors that prevent the baby from expressing his thoughts through speech.

Dr. Komarovsky will tell you how to help a child learn to talk in the next video.

Yevgeny Komarovsky argues that sometimes it is quite enough to send a three-year-old with an acute deficit of communication in the family to kindergarten. In a children's group, many boys and girls learn to speak much faster than in the company of adults.

Parents who decide to develop the speech of a three-year-old child in the absence of diseases that caused silence must independently prepare for a slow and laborious process. Can help them with this child psychologist or a child psychotherapist, if there is such a specialist in your city. The key to success for 70% lies precisely in the efforts and efforts of parents.

Treat your child as a separate person, as significant and important as every adult in your family. Talk to him, discuss important questions and daily, household (what to cook for dinner, where to go for a walk on the weekend, etc.). Even if the child does not answer anything at first, he will begin to form a useful habit - to communicate. In parallel with it, the development of inner speech will begin, a better understanding of passive speech.

Overprotective parents can cause a lack of motivation to speak. If the mother asks what kind of apple the baby wants - green or red, and she herself is responsible for it (red, because it is tastier), then the child simply does not have the opportunity to pick up words and answer.

If such situations are repeated regularly, then the crumbs get into the habit of being silent. If this situation repeats yours, change your attitude towards the child and free him from excessive guardianship.

You should not encourage lisping and babbling. If the mother, following the baby, calls objects around him in his own language, uses quite a lot of diminutive suffixes (car, porridge, daddy, son, etc.), then the child will not form the correct speech function.

Words with such suffixes are much more difficult to pronounce. Talk to your baby like an adult. It will be pleasant and useful for him.

Turn your child on music. Songs, onomatopoeic choruses, classical music - all this favorably affects the ability to perceive the world, sounds, speech.

Any free minutes can become classes. Make use of every hour you spend with your child. On the way to the store or pharmacy, describe and discuss with him everything that happens on the street: a car is driving - it is red, it is big, a dog is walking - it is small, kind, beautiful.

During cooking, the mother can show the child kitchen utensils and call them out loud (spoon, pan), as well as products (apple, carrot, cabbage, nut).

If there are several children in the family, then, as a rule, problems with speech development are observed in the younger ones. Psychologists believe that frequent communication with other children affects this way, since communication with adults is still considered optimal for the development of speech.

The younger kids from large families often they are simply too lazy to speak the right way and in the right amount.

Ask your child more questions. Even if he can't answer them, don't stop asking. Sooner or later, the son or daughter will definitely respond.

• Dr. Komarovsky emphasizes that if a child does not speak more or less coherently at the age of 3, this is a clear reason to see a doctor.
• Assessing the speech abilities of their child, parents should take into account not only how much and what he says at the moment, but also monitor the dynamics of speech: if the baby speaks a certain number of words at 2 and 3 years old, and his vocabulary practically does not increase, Komarovsky calls it a dangerous trend.
• If at the age of three a child lags behind the standards and knows only a dozen or two words, after a couple of months the vocabulary increases by another dozen new words, this is normal. Although the baby is lagging behind according to the norms, in his personal development he has a positive trend.
• A child with a speech delay should not be given gadgets for a long time.
• Instead of playing computer games and watching cartoons for a long time, take a walk together, play with your child, read a book to him.
• There is no need to compare the child with other children. Yours is a unique personality, there is no other like it, so any comparisons are inappropriate.

Forecast

If the parents threw all their efforts into starting to develop the speech functions of a three-year-old child, attracted specialists to this, the child received treatment if necessary, then the prognosis is quite favorable. 85-90% of children completely “catch up” with their peers by the age of 6-7 years.

• 3 years
• speech therapy classes
• Does not speak

Answers to parents' questions from a speech therapist - defectologist.

A child at 1.5 years old does not speak: answers to parents' questions from a speech therapist - defectologist

Since the fall of 2014, all readers of the "Native Path" have the opportunity to receive online advice and a system of online classes on the development of their child's speech at any age from a speech pathologist from St. Petersburg, a leading specialist of the children's speech center without leaving home OPPI-ONLINE Komarova Tatyana Andreevna.

In December, an article by Tatyana Andreevna was published on the Native Path, in which we announced a competition for the most interesting question for a speech therapist from parents. We plan to record video answers to your most interesting and deepest questions. The results of the competition have not yet been summed up, but already today you can listen to the first answer of a speech therapist - defectologist to the questions of the mother of a child a little older than 1.5 years about delayed speech development.

I am quoting questions from the video that Tatyana Andreevna answered - questions for a speech therapist from a mother whose child was diagnosed by a neurologist with a diagnosis of speech development delay, because the child is more than 1.5 years old, but he does not speak.

"Hello! Child 1 year 7 months. He doesn't say a single word at all. He hums and babbles. Shortened woof woof, the bb is not even going to speak. He can say "ma-ma", but not as a word, but as a syllable, and he does not connect with me at all. Most of the time, the child just hums.
The child is healthy, was born on the Apgar scale 9/9.

My conscience is completely clear. Since birth, I have been doing everything possible with my child (and your simply amazing site will help us!). And I constantly talk, and I ask questions, and I don’t chatter, and I show a puppet theater, and I read, and I sing speech therapy chants, and I speak tongue twisters, and tongue twisters at a slow pace, and nursery rhymes, I even show articulatory gymnastics on myself, and finger games, and we develop fine motor skills, and it is absolutely beautiful, and we are engaged in creativity, and how much I sing to him - I don’t know any such mother.

And in terms of emotional contact and the psychological climate in the family - everything is also very good!

And the child is smart, and understands everything. The neurologist writes "Delayed speech development."

With that in mind, my questions are:

1) Why are mothers constantly intimidated: “If you don’t study and communicate with the child, he won’t speak for a long time”? Now I don't believe it.

2) Our neurologist is going to activate the speech center with special medicines that are given to people after a stroke. What can you say about it?

3) Now there is an active propaganda of a very fashionable direction in medicine “Osteopathy”, supposedly this can help. What do you think about this as well?

4) A center for the development and correction of speech has opened in our city. The director of this center spoke on TV. Firstly, she assured everyone with a 100% guarantee that if a child does not speak at 1-1.5 years, then he will DEFINITELY have problems at school. And in this center there is some kind of miracle device that you put on your head and it sends miracle impulses to the speech center (if necessary, I can give a link to the video). Here, too, I would like your opinion.

The answers to these questions are in the speech pathologist's video above on this page.