Summary of the lesson “Geometric figures” for a child with Down syndrome. Exercises for children with Down syndrome

Approximately one child in a thousand is born with Down syndrome. This is a serious pathology that slows down not only the intellectual, but also the physical development of a person. 80% of “sunny” children have decreased muscle tone and disproportionate body structure. In such conditions, it is difficult for children to coordinate movements, they take a long time to learn to walk, often fall, touch objects around them, and are slower to learn new movements.

There are several tips to help children become more resilient and improve coordination.

First, encourage your child to do homework with you. Certainly, apartment renovation He’s unlikely to help you do it, but he’s quite capable of simple everyday tasks. If you are cleaning, give him a rag and let him “wipe the dust” from the chairs or sofa. Or from a cat (the main thing is that the cat doesn’t mind). “Sunny” children love to repeat actions they see, so it’s quite possible to show him, for example, how to comb daddy’s hair, or put books on a shelf, or sweep the floor - the child will be happy to “work” together with adults.

Secondly, there are a lot of simple physical exercises and games that develop coordination that you can do at home. In children with Down syndrome, heart defects are observed in 40% of cases, so all exercises should be performed sparingly and only after consultation with a doctor.

Exercises with the ball.

It is, of course, safer to play with a ball outside - there is less chance of breaking or dropping something. But if you really want to go home, then you can use a ball:

ride yourself and from mother to child

roll into the gate

mint

put it under your chest, place your hands on the floor and crawl back and forth over the ball

roll along outstretched legs while sitting on the floor

Exercises with a rope.

It is best to buy a climbing rope at a hardware store, not very thick, number 8 or 9, or a gymnastic rope. Rubber jump ropes are too thin, and they also whip painfully on the body, so the effect and pleasure from them will be less.

walk on a rope spread on the floor
standing on a rope, squatting and standing up
jump over it (lying on the floor)
throw it and catch it
make a ring out of string on the floor and throw a ball at it
fold in half and, and, taking the two ends, rotate in front of you and to the side

Exercises with a ball.

WITH balloon You can do everything you can’t do with a ball - throw it up to the ceiling, throw it to your mother, knock down empty boxes placed in a row. And playing with balls is a lot of fun! (However, your favorite Venetian glass vase should still be hidden away).

Set up an “obstacle course” at home - lay out the soft puzzle pieces on the floor and step “from bump to bump.” For this purpose, you can also buy drywall and cut it into 10x10 cm pieces (sheets of paper or regular cardboard will slide on both carpet and parquet). Make a small slide from the same plasterboard or chipboard, pointing it from the sofa to the floor, and the baby will also enjoy climbing a double-sided ladder of two or three steps, which you can also make yourself or buy at a toy store.

Get organized with other parents, sign up your children for swimming or aikido (children with Down syndrome can be trained in groups of two or three people). Swimming is an almost universal sport, safe and at the same time developing all muscle groups. In Aikido there is no aggression, no sudden movements, no special physical training is required, and, like all martial arts, it develops coordination of movements very well. Hippotherapy (therapeutic horse riding) and dolphin therapy provide excellent results, including in the emotional sphere.

This is, of course, far from full list. But if you do twenty minutes a day for a month, you will get noticeable results. Your child will become more resilient, have better spatial orientation, and will also enjoy new and interesting games.

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Developing fine motor skills in children with Down syndrome

Children with Down syndrome have some peculiarities in the formation fine motor skills. Fine motor skills develop at different rates, and everyone has their own strengths and weak sides. However, there are a number of features associated with Down syndrome that can affect the development of fine motor skills. These include anatomical features such as decreased muscle tone, medical problems, and delayed cognitive development.

Effective exercises for the development of fine motor skills in children with Down syndrome are: lacing, assembling pyramids, nesting dolls, puzzles, fastening zippers, buttons, stringing large beads, playing with mosaics, cubes, sand, winding a thin rope on a reel or your own finger, tearing and crumple paper.

All these exercises contribute to the development of independence, color perception, holistic perception of an object, attention, and logical thinking of the child.

At the initial stage, fine motor skills exercises are quite difficult for children. After some time, classes become automated and movements accelerate.

Also, the development of fine motor skills is realized in the game, in various types of activities, including design and visual activities (drawing, modeling, appliqué).

The development of fine motor skills has great importance, because it gives a child with Down syndrome the opportunity to interact with the world around him, and, therefore, contributes to the formation of speech, writing and self-care skills, and also children reveal their capabilities.

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Exercises for children with Down syndrome

Turkina Elena Nikolaevna,

Children with Down syndrome occur in 1 in 800 births. This is the most common genetic anomaly, independent of external factors - nationality, lifestyle and education of parents.

As a rule, children with Down syndrome have lagging development rates compared to the age norms of ordinary children, have different initial levels, and the dynamics of their development can also vary significantly.

The development of a child with Down syndrome has characteristic features:

1. Slow formation of concepts and development of skills:

decreased rate of perception and delayed response formation;

necessity large quantity repetitions to master the material;

low level of generalization of material;

loss of those skills that are not in sufficient demand.

2. Low ability to operate with several concepts simultaneously. Related to this:

difficulties that arise in a child when he needs to combine new information with already studied material;

difficulties in transferring learned skills from one situation to another;

replacing flexible behavior that takes into account circumstances with the same type, memorized and repeated actions;

difficulties in performing a chain of actions;

violations of action planning.

3. Uneven development of the child in various areas (motor, speech, social-emotional) and the close connection of cognitive development with the development of other areas.

4. The peculiarity of subject-practical thinking, characteristic of junior before school age, is the need to use several analyzers simultaneously to create a holistic image (vision, hearing, tactile sensitivity). The best results are obtained by visual-bodily analysis, so the best explanation for the child is the action that he performs, imitating an adult or together with him.

5. Impaired sensory perception (sounds, signals, ideas about color, shape, size, etc.), which may be associated with reduced sensitivity and frequent visual and hearing impairments.

It is impossible to cure a chromosomal abnormality, but systematic training and constant medical supervision allow a child with Down syndrome to master vital skills and achieve success in socialization and development. He can be taught to communicate, eat independently, dress, take care of himself, read, write, dance and do much of what his peers can do.

The role of parents in this regard is irreplaceable. Nothing helps a child develop more than their help, support, care and love.

Working with a special child, Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the development of self-care skills, general and fine motor skills, motor coordination, subject-practical, gaming and cognitive activity.

It is very important to start developmental activities with your baby as early as possible and conduct them regularly. During the day, you can organize 1-2 classes of 10-15 minutes. It is advisable to spend them at the children's table. To prevent the child from being distracted, before class you need to clear the table of unnecessary toys and foreign objects, leaving only those toys that are needed. During classes, it is better to sit opposite the child so that he can easily establish eye contact with an adult, see facial expressions, and copy the actions of mom or dad.

Thinking in early preschool age is subject-oriented practical nature Therefore, it is necessary to involve the baby in practical activities. It is very important that the child looks, listens, and performs actions with objects. The child needs to examine and touch the material with which he acts, so that it is easier to relate it to the verbal instructions and create a more complete and accurate image. Therefore, during classes it is good to use bright toys, toys with different textures, and household items. In this case, the same sequence should be followed:

be sure to name the object (toy);

characterize its shape, color, taste, size;

show how this object can be used.

You need to try to use the same skills to practice various materials. The use of pictures is possible when the child is already familiar with the objects depicted on them. Teaching using “questions and answers” is possible only in cases where the child has already reached a sufficiently high level of development. Show your child how to perform a particular task, then repeat the necessary actions with him.

Classes with the baby should be carried out in game form, using the unexpected, surprise appearance of a toy, training as a “student” of your favorite bear cub, helping a doll, etc. Use mechanical, luminous and sounding toys, games with magnets and Velcro that are attractive to children. Try to play games with your child that broaden his horizons, develop visual and auditory perception, thinking and speech. All kinds of games for sorting objects by size, color, shape, finding identical objects, games with nesting dolls, pyramids, and inserts will be useful for a preschooler.

It is important that the tasks are accessible to the child. When starting to learn a new skill, you should first use simple and easy tasks, and then gradually increase their level of difficulty. For example, if you want to teach your child how to put together puzzles, start with a picture of two or three large elements, and leave the picture of 30 small pieces on the shelf. The level of difficulty of the task should be in the “zone of proximal development” of the child’s cognitive abilities, i.e. It is necessary that the degree of difficulty of each subsequent task be, at least not much, increased. This will allow the child, with your help or through imitation, to perform some exercise and thus rise to a higher level of development.

It is necessary to saturate classes with an emotional component, since children with Down syndrome have relatively intact emotions, and the assimilation of practical experience is carried out through emotional channels. It is advisable to include more music and singing in your activities with your child, to use visual activities, theatrical games. It is important to ensure that the action, which should become habitual for the child, is accompanied by pleasant experiences. This includes verbal praise, affectionate stroking, and encouragement in the form of some kind of gift. Talk to your child in a calm, friendly tone. Always positively evaluate his attempts to cope with the task, fulfill your request, support any of his initiatives.

Particular attention should be paid to the development of the baby's speech. In this case, it is necessary to rely on the greater imitation of a child with Down syndrome. In addition to conducting special classes on speech development, comment on your actions, which the baby observes, with simple sentences: “I wash my hands”, “put on a jacket”, “cut bread”, “my plate”, etc. Name objects and actions , on which in this moment The child’s attention is focused on what is most relevant to him. For example, if a child wants an apple, then, pointing to it, you need to ask: “Apple?” and answer: “Yes, it’s an apple.” You must use a minimum number of words, speak slowly and clearly, and repeat the same word several times. It is desirable that the articulatory movements of the adult’s lips fall into the child’s field of vision and evoke a desire to imitate them.

Many children with Down syndrome use substitute words, gestures and movements. This should be supported and helped them communicate at this level because realizing the meaning of each gesture through words activates spoken language. In addition, gestures can be useful as a supplement to speech at times when the child has difficulty conveying his message in words. There is no need to force the child to say or repeat anything. It is better to avoid the words “say” and “repeat” altogether, since the child may develop a negative reaction to these requests. It is better to replace these words with appropriate questions or the words “show”, “guess”. Read more books to your child, select texts in accordance with his level of understanding. At the same time, use publications with bright, large pictures that illustrate the content of the text. It is useful to draw individual characters at the same time while reading.

For a baby with Down syndrome, games and exercises are needed to develop fine motor skills: the formation of a pinch grip (with the thumb, middle and index fingers) and the formation of a pincer grip (with the thumb and index finger). Invite your child to play with wind-up toys, books with stickers, put together puzzles, put coins in a piggy bank, buttons and beads in a box, cover jars and bottles with lids, markers and pens with caps. In your daily routine, set aside some time for outdoor games. Teach your child to walk along a square, a circle, or various lines laid out from ropes, ribbons. Play games that involve throwing and catching a ball, throwing it into a box or basket. Teach how to step over low obstacles, jump on one leg or the other, and get various things that are in hard-to-reach places (stand on a chair and get a teddy bear from the closet).

For a special child, it is very important to follow a routine, teach neatness, and early participation in various activities. household labor together with adults, and then independently under their guidance. Be sure to involve your child in performing self-care tasks as much as possible: washing his face, hands, drying himself with a towel. Teach children to perform simple household tasks: watering flowers, wiping off dust, putting away toys, setting the table, and so on.

Raising a child with Down syndrome requires a lot of time, patience and perseverance from parents, but thanks to this, gradually in the process of play, object-based practical activities, and self-care, his speech develops, deficiencies in thinking are compensated for, and positive emotional qualities are formed.

1. Maller A.R. Helping children with developmental disabilities: A book for parents. - M.:ARKTI, 2006.

2. Mastyukova E.M., Moskovkina A.R. Family education children with developmental disabilities. - M., VLADOS, 2003.

3. Medvedeva T.P. Development of cognitive activity in children with Down syndrome. A guide for parents. - 2nd ed. - M.: Monolit, 2010.

4. Newman Sarah. Games and activities with a special child: a guide for parents. - M.: Terevinf, 2004.

20 educational games and exercises for children with Down syndrome

These games and activities for children with Down syndrome help develop thinking, cognitive and educational skills.

Children usually experience significant delays and difficulties in learning to speak, although they understand much more than they can express. If you are raising a child diagnosed with Down syndrome, encourage their developmental and communication skills. Choose games, activities that the best way appropriate for his age and developmental level, be sure to reward his efforts with praise and hugs.

Educational games that correspond to development by month

AGE 0 - 2

listen to me

Teach your baby to recognize speech sounds early in life through play. Hold him standing in front of you, supporting his head, and slowly create sounds like “a-ah”, “o-oh”, “p-pa”, “m-ma”. Make exaggerated lip movements. You will be delighted with his copying efforts. There are sound cards with pictures of letters that can be used starting from 9 months to teach him to listen, distinguish words, and copy lip movements.

Say it out loud

Visual learning is key for people with Down syndrome. Memorizing verbal information is more difficult. Help him learn the names of familiar objects by using simple gestures along with words, says Buckley, co-author of " Speech and language development for children with Down syndrome" (from 0 to 5 years). For example, put your hand to your ear when the phone rings and say “phone” or pretend to drink from a bottle or cup and say “drink.”

Together with you

Draw attention to an object: a rattle, a favorite toy, a picture, and ask to look at it. Gradually increase his attention span when you talk about the subject. Activities that encourage joint attention, when the child and teacher watch and listen together, help children learn language faster and improve attention.

One at a time

In his book " Early communication skills for children with Down syndrome" Libby Kumin says that all communication depends on the listener and the speaker. Rolling the ball back and forth is an easy way to practice this skill. When you roll the ball say "turn" moms" when pushing him back, say his name ("turn Jack"). As soon as the name is said, ask them to point to themselves and say “I” or their own name.

Age 2 – 3 years

I want to!

Learning the meaning of signs and symbols helps communicate before language skills emerge. In its how-to guide, This Sign Means Ice Cream, the Center for Early Literacy recommends showing your child a real object or activity along with a corresponding picture. Take pictures of objects or activities that your child likes, so he can “ask” what he wants by pointing or handing the picture to you. Always encourage him to say this word.

Rainbow of learning

Play this fun game to teach colors: Collect many things of the same color from around the house - a red shirt, a blanket, a cup - and place them in a red bag or laundry basket. "Object-Based Visual Activities" real world, makes the overall concept easier to understand,” says Dr. Kumin. If the child is at the one word level, name the color when you pull out the object. When it learns to process a two-word phrase, color and object name.

Tell me more

Children with Down syndrome take longer to form multi-word sentences. Research shows that people typically have a vocabulary of 100 words before they begin to add words. Move from the one word to the two word stage using the expansion imitation technique. First repeat the spoken word, then complete it with another. For example, if he says “boat” during a game, say “Boat, sailing.” If he says “dog,” you can say: “Dog.” Black Dog". Repetition is important, says Dr. Kumin, so don't get discouraged if you have to do it often.

Visual assistant

Use items to summon two-word phrases. In its simplest form, the tool is a rectangular piece of laminated cardboard with two colored dots located a few centimeters apart. "The board serves as a visual reminder to put two words together," says Dr. Kumin. For example, when modeling the phrase “The car is driving,” point to the first dot when you say “car,” then to the second dot when you say “driving.” Use your hands to show the movement, this will provide tactile support. As the child progresses, draw more dots to provide clues as the phrases increase in length.

AGE 3 – 5 years, vocabulary expansion, sounds

Tea time is learning time

When the language you use is connected to everyday activities, it makes learning functional and more motivating. Add everyday words to your vocabulary, such as sit, drink, There is, wash. Drink tea, take a bath with dolls, describe what you are doing. Then follow the child - serve food, wash, dress the dolls, offer to talk about what you are doing, using two or three word phrases (“Dolly is drinking tea” or “Mom is washing the doll”).

Wow! New word

Strengthen your child's visual memory strengths by using praise to improve self-esteem and expressive language. Joe and Susan Kotlinsky, parents of a daughter with Down syndrome, created a special system for teaching reading. They suggest taping an 8 1/2" x 11" piece of paper in a visible place. Every time your child says a new word or a word you haven't heard, stop what you're doing and say, "Oh, that's a new word!" and write it on a piece of paper. Print the word in lowercase letters on a 5" x 7" card. Then show the card and say the word at the same time. Later, show the card again and repeat the word. Over time, the child will try to add new words to the list.

Sound Bubbles

Write the letters on the back of the colored circles. Ask your child to turn each circle over and say a sound. Prompt by making the correct sound, reducing the prompts over time. Start with a few circles and sounds that the child is already making, and slowly add new ones. "Most children with Down syndrome will begin learning sounds between 3 and 5 years of age," says Buckley.

Educational activities for children with Down syndrome

There are many learning activities that can help engage babies with Down syndrome. These special children will benefit from daily practice helping adults. Regardless of a child's special abilities, there are exercises tailored to their needs to reach their individual potential.

Early Reading

“Because of their strong visual memory, children with Down syndrome can be taught to read early, when they understand 50 to 100 words, and can match and select photographs,” says Buckley. Make a game with words that are easy to answer, such as last names or foods.

Type two adjacent words such as Mother And dad, in large print on a piece of white paper, laminate it (use cardboard backings if you like). Print the word again, separately, on small cards. Place the large card face up in front of the child, holding his hand with the small card that matches the words on the large card, one at a time. Increase the words that appear on the larger cards to three or four.

A word and picture matching game can make the task of mastering reading skills less frustrating. To prepare the game, select a book or story with in simple words, with which the child is already familiar. Before reading a story to your child, highlight the words in it. Collect pictures that represent each highlighted word and place them on the table.

Read the story, allowing him to view the page as he reads. When moving to a highlighted word, stop and let your child choose a picture that represents the corresponding word. Praise him for his success.

There are no studies on how chess affects children with trisomy 21, but you can try to include the game in the development program. Chess is a complex intellectual game that requires planning, well-developed thinking and memory. The weakness of these functions makes playing chess inaccessible for children with Down syndrome.

Physical development activities

People with trisomy 21 have more flexible muscles. This prevents them from learning physical skills as easily as other children. For the same reason, some children tend to move less. Exercising throughout the day helps develop muscle tone and physical skills. Exercises involving crawling, standing and walking are recommended.

Balance and coordination of movements

Children with Down syndrome often have difficulties with balance and the vestibular system. That's why they are often afraid of swings. Developing balance will help reduce these concerns. Use a hammock, as it holds the child completely and also allows you to move back and forth, from side to side. All these actions will help develop the vestibular system and sense of balance.

Working with hand functions

With Down syndrome, the arrangement of the arm bones is slightly different. This is one of the reasons why it is difficult to find great coordination exercises. Activities that improve eye-hand coordination will help you learn these skills more easily. Use different types of arts and crafts for this purpose. For example, dough crafts, lacing, collecting small items.

Tactile activity

Sunny children often experience hypersensitivity. They do not like to touch any objects or walk on certain surfaces. To reduce this, rub different textured cloths over the soles of your feet and the palms of your hands.

Start with sensations that are comfortable and tolerable, and slowly introduce others that the child may not like. Some objects that Downies don't like to touch are glue, jelly, sand, and dirt. They often do not like to walk on grass, cold, uneven surfaces such as pebbles, wet sand. Activities such as playing with dough and finger painting can help reduce hypersensitivity.

These are some useful ideas, exercises and activities for children with Down syndrome that will help them develop more successfully.

Puzzle "Who is this?"

While typical children acquire information about the world around them with relative ease, people with Down syndrome often struggle to develop an understanding of the world in which they live. Help a person build their basic skills by creating riddles from faces. To create them, select pictures of faces from magazines or the faces of family members. Cut each image into 3 strips, separating parts of the face (eyes, nose, mouth). Place the cropped faces in envelopes or bags. Let's put them together by practicing his understanding of facial structure.

Awareness

For babies with Down syndrome, activities that help them become more aware of their body and how it moves will be beneficial for their thinking development. Parents can manipulate the baby's arms and legs up and down, left and right. As children grow, they can do this themselves. This may be a mirror activity; the adult touches his head, then the baby touches the adult's head. The adult claps his hands, the child copies. By helping to copy movements, you are helping to learn how to do it yourself.

Fine motor skills

Daily fine motor skills strengthen finger and hand muscles. Use clay or plasticine to create different objects. Another way to develop fine motor skills is by practicing cutting various types paper. Use safety scissors.

Basic motor skills

Place five or six hoops on the ground. The child aims and throws small bean bags into the middle of the hoop. Or create a bowling game. This can be done using empty plastic bottles. The child uses balls of different sizes to knock them down.

Music lessons

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that typically results in slower learning, impulsive behavior, and a short attention span. Musical activities useful for people with Down syndrome because these students learn better with lessons that are repetitive and engaging. The rhythms and repetition of music help you remember something easier than simple speech. Music for children with Down syndrome stimulates the entire brain and is a great learning tool.

Mirror songs

Children with Down syndrome often stick out their tongue when speaking due to a lack of muscle control. Sit with your baby in front of the mirror and play a fun song that he loves. Sing along with him and look in the mirror. He will see his own language and try to copy the way you use your tongue when you sing.

The first thing they teach in school years, this is the alphabet, counting, your address and phone number. One of the most simple ways For children with Down syndrome of all ages, remember this information - a song. You can use ready-made alphabet or counting songs, or come up with your own simple, catchy melody. This method is suitable for any information that needs to be remembered. An added bonus is that most children with Down syndrome love music, so they pay more attention, repeat songs, and therefore remember them faster.

Musical movement

Use music with movement to stimulate motor, eye coordination and cognitive skills. Children with Down syndrome have a high risk of obesity and are much more interested in music than movement. Simple activities include dancing to a song or music. Cognitive skills are trained by throwing a ball to music. Every time the music stops, you need to practice the current skill. For example, if you are working on a rhyme, every time the music stops you say the word that rhymes.

Rhythm and movement

Activities related to rhythm and movement stimulate speech development and help cope with difficulties. When the music is playing, children can clap or beat the drum to increase the rhythm. They can also show off their dance moves or follow directions in a song to learn different moves.

Children with Down syndrome have deficits in some areas of development. However, by providing the right environment and the right play and activities early in life, we can help develop and gain skills that are lacking in a natural and enjoyable way.

Children with Down syndrome need constant communication with adults and peers. It’s good if such communication takes place in a playful way. You can start playing with your mother, a teacher, or in general with an adult who will teach you the correct movements, teach you how to construct a logical thought, and develop the skills of following instructions. But socialization is very important for development - soon it will be better to study in a group, not only with children with a similar illness, but also with completely healthy children. Learning through imitation of other children, increasing effort with the help of an element of competition, creativity in all forms - such activities will give a quick and lasting effect, if, of course, you practice regularly.

In order for classes to be not only fun, but also effective, you should adhere to the following rules:

The child should sit opposite him so that he can repeat the movements, clearly see and hear the words of the leader (mother or teacher), and also so that he can be controlled and corrected. With a child you need to install trusting relationship so that he can concentrate on the game, and not on studying the character and appearance of an adult.

The instructions should be extremely simple - short, tasks should be clearly stated, exercises should be done step by step. Show as much as possible, but there should also be verbal interaction, and it can become more complicated from lesson to lesson, since the child’s speech and thinking must also develop.

If a child does not answer a question, this does not mean that he does not know. You just need to pause a little so that the child can collect his thoughts.

You need to study in a comprehensive manner - the child can perceive information by ear more slowly, but it helps in learning visual perception, feeling to the touch. Therefore, you need to use a picture, toys, and household items. A variety of methods for conducting a lesson, but the methodology should be as simple as possible, will help you learn faster. For example, there is no need to conduct a complex discussion; it is enough to build a dialogue based on questions and answers.

Games should be logically structured, with a clear beginning and end. If a large load is needed, it should be given not by complicating the game, but by changing simple games, which can go one after another or increase the dynamics of one game if it is quite long. The gameplay should include mobility and elements of humor; in a fun environment, the child not only feels better, he can put in more effort without getting tired.

The frequency and regularity of classes is important. Help with advice or practical help in positioning hands and the correct direction of movements is welcome. The task must have a logical end, even if outside help is required - this is how children learn to finish what they start.

If the child cannot cope with the game, there is no need to be diligent, you need to offer something simpler or more interesting, and complex game tasks can be offered again when the child receives the necessary skills and knowledge. The child must enjoy the game, otherwise it will not be a game, but a routine.

For successful participation in the game process, for a specific task completed, you need to be praised. Errors should be pointed out, but in forms that do not promote uncertainty. You need to say “you definitely can” even if you can’t do something. A person will follow this principle in adulthood, remembering that the efforts made will never be in vain.

Try to perceive refusal of a certain activity as a desire to do something else. But you need to work, it is advisable to take rest by simply changing the type of activity - switching from mental to physical and vice versa. Children with Down syndrome must study much more than ordinary children in order to achieve the same level of development, this is a feature of upbringing.

If children themselves are not very active in playing (which may be the case with Down syndrome), adults need to take the initiative into their own hands. They need to be shown toys, explained what to do with them, and taught role-playing games (driver, doctor, cook, depending on the type of game). Such games for children become part of educational program. Children will be able to play independently until they are eight years old, by which time they need to become their best friend and play with them.

The game for children with Down syndrome forms coherent speech, develops imagination, and teaches them to recognize objects by touch. Children take an object in the bag and say what it is. It’s better to start with flat figures, then you can add voluminous toys. In a group, you can hold a competition to see who can name the most figures correctly in a certain number of attempts.

The wind blows in the face (we wave our palms in the face)

The tree is swaying (arms swing above your head)

The breeze dies down (we squat, lowering our hands to the floor)

The tree grows (it rises and stretches upward).

Making a tower out of cubes. You can compete to see who has the tallest tower. Or you can play a game - each child bets on which die the tower will fall. The game requires large cubes to make the tower taller.

Finger game "Day - Night"

The game consists of clenching and unclenching your fists. To the words “Fingers sleep at night, they snore in the house,” we clench our fingers into a strong fist. To the words “The fingers woke up during the day, straightened up, stretched” - the fists open and the fingers straighten as much as possible.

Games are also different types of activities. Children with Down syndrome can do:

Modeling from clay, plasticine, dough.

Simple construction kits in which parts are put on slots. Can be done different figures from the constructor.

Drawing.

Singing.

Outdoor games with a ball.

Fun relay races.

Develop memory first by images - first by everyday objects, and then by countries of the world, even by capitals. Some children have good memory and it can be developed.

Board games for two. Of course, Monopoly will be too complicated, but chips with dice will do just fine. It’s better to play with two dice, so you can learn to add numbers from one to six.

Based on each lesson, you can make a small competition with prizes. The prizes can be very simple (you can give one candy at a time), but the games need to be structured so that different children can win in different competitions, because some of them draw better, others sing better, and others are stronger physically. Thus, a successfully conducted series of competitions will not leave anyone without gifts.

But during individual lessons, it is advisable to limit yourself to verbal encouragement; not to stimulate the child financially for correctly completed tasks, since a psychological dependence may appear - the child may want a gift for each of his actions, in the absence of which the desire to work will disappear. And this is a departure from real life, we must remember that games for children with Down syndrome (and for healthy children) are, first of all, preparation for growing up, regardless of the child’s age.

Remember, the human body is built in such a way that if difficulties arise in something, they can be eliminated by training. If seemingly insurmountable difficulties arise, then they are actually overcome by the development of other qualities, which can not only develop, but also develop into a unique talent, which can become the basis for a future profession, independence, and therefore the opportunity to fully enjoy life.

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20 educational games and exercises for children with Down syndrome

These games and activities for children with Down syndrome help develop thinking, cognitive and educational skills.

Children usually experience significant delays and difficulties in learning to speak, although they understand much more than they can express. If you are raising a child diagnosed with Down syndrome, encourage their developmental and communication skills. Choose games and activities that best suit his age and developmental level, and be sure to reward his efforts with praise and hugs.

Educational games that correspond to development by month

Play this fun game to teach colors: Collect many things of the same color from around the house—a red shirt, a blanket, a cup—and place them in a red bag or laundry basket. “Visual activities based on real-world objects make the overall concept easier to understand,” says Dr. Kumin. If the child is at the one word level, name the color when you pull out the object. When it learns to process a two-word phrase, color and object name.

Use items to summon two-word phrases. In its simplest form, the tool is a rectangular piece of laminated cardboard with two colored dots located a few centimeters apart. “The board serves as a visual reminder to put two words together,” says Dr. Kumin. For example, when modeling the phrase “The car is driving,” point to the first dot when you say “car,” then to the second dot when you say “driving.” Use your hands to show the movement, this will provide tactile support. As the child progresses, draw more dots to provide clues as the phrases increase in length.

AGE 3 – 5 years, vocabulary expansion, sounds

Tea time - learning time

Educational activities for children with Down syndrome

A word and picture matching game can make the task of mastering reading skills less frustrating. To prepare the game, choose a book or story with simple words that your child is already familiar with. Before reading a story to your child, highlight the words in it. Collect pictures that represent each highlighted word and place them on the table.